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理解科学本质是科学素养的内涵之一,是实现提高科学素养的科学教育目标的关键因素。现代科学本质观对科学知识、科学探究和科学事业进行了新的诠释。根据现代科学本质观,发展科学本质观下的科学教学理念,构建科学教育的三维目标,形成融入科学本质的科学教学策略,提升学生的科学本质观。 相似文献
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Two fundamental questions about science are relevant for science educators: (a) What is the nature of science? and (b) what aspects of nature of science should be taught and learned? They are fundamental because they pertain to how science gets to be framed as a school subject and determines what aspects of it are worthy of inclusion in school science. This conceptual article re-examines extant notions of nature of science and proposes an expanded version of the Family Resemblance Approach (FRA), originally developed by Irzik and Nola (International handbook of research in history, philosophy and science teaching. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 999–1021, 2014) in which they view science as a cognitive-epistemic and as an institutional-social system. The conceptual basis of the expanded FRA is described and justified in this article based on a detailed account published elsewhere (Erduran and Dagher in Reconceptualizing the nature of science for science education: scientific knowledge, practices and other family categories. Springer, Dordrecht, 2014a). The expanded FRA provides a useful framework for organizing science curriculum and instruction and gives rise to generative visual tools that support the implementation of a richer understanding of and about science. The practical implications for this approach have been incorporated into analysis of curriculum policy documents, curriculum implementation resources, textbook analysis and teacher education settings. 相似文献
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李新强 《伊犁教育学院学报》2003,16(4):108-111
科学是系统化的理论体系。随着历史的发展,人类对科学的认识不断在深化。但是,不同职业、不同领域对科学的认识也不尽一致,对科学的正确定义造成了一定困难。因此,利用科学的基本特征以及科学的研究方法,阐释科学这一概念的内涵和外延,对人们正确理解运用科学理论和科学方法,正确掌握和运用科学理论和方法不无裨益。 相似文献
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邹承鲁 《学位与研究生教育》2004,(4):1-4
长期以来,在研究生教育战线上一直忙碌着一大批国内外享有盛誉的中国科学院和中国工程院院士,他们不仅术有专攻,而且心系研究生教育事业,他们的言传身教曾激励过一代又一代莘莘学子发愤图强、健康成材。从本期开始,学位与研究生教育编辑部与中国科学院研究生院共同在《学位与研究生教育》上推出“院士大讲堂”专栏,邀请部分院士从不同的视角对研究生教育的理念和治学方法发表见解,对高层次人才培养进行诠释。相信从他们的言语中,您会感悟到献身科学的精神力量、充满睿智的理性思考、襟怀坦荡的人格魅力。同时,我们也真诚地期待着更多的院士做客我们的“大讲堂”,关心中国的学位与研究生教育事业,我们期盼着您的积极参与和热情支持。 相似文献
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Stephen L. Chew 《Journal of Food Science Education》2014,13(4):65-67
In this essay, I argue that the traditional view of teaching, that the teacher's responsibility is to present information that students are solely responsible for learning, has been rendered untenable by cognitive science research in learning. The teacher can have a powerful effect on student learning by teaching not only content, but how to study and think about information. Student learning is a shared responsibility between teacher and students, and effective teaching is much more challenging than traditionally believed. 相似文献
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Science &; Education - 相似文献
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M. K. Summers 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(1):19-27
Summaries English The purpose of this article is to promote awareness of a growing body of literature concerned with the relationship between the epistemology of science and school science education, and to stimulate debate concerning the role such epistemological considerations should play in the professional training of science teachers. First of all, a rationale is provided for the inclusion of the epistemology of science and its relationship to school science education as an essential component on the professional training of all science teachers. This is followed by a review of existing resources for use in science teacher education curricula, and suggestions for new resource material. Finally, a possible curriculum for inclusion in science teacher education programmes is presented. 相似文献
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This interpretive study of the teaching and learning of chemistry in an Australian high school examines the beliefs about the nature of science of a teacher and his class in relation to the enacted curriculum. Although the teacher and students tended to see science as an evolving discipline that was uncertain and changed over time, the manner in which the curriculum was implemented was a direct contrast. In the enacted curriculum science was represented as a catalogue of facts to be memorised and as algorithmic solutions to problems. The beliefs that had greatest impact on shaping the curriculum were the teachers beliefs about the nature of student learning, his beliefs about the distribution of power between himself and the students, and the extent to which restraints were accepted by the teacher as reasons for maintaining a traditional approach to teaching and learning chemistry. 相似文献
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科学观的发展直接影响到科学教育的发展。中国近代对科学的认识是一种不太成熟的、较为片面的、功利的科学观，进而发展为宣扬科学万能的唯科学主义。在这些科学观的影响下，学校中的科学教育只注重科学知识的灌输，服务于考试的指挥，缺少科学方法的训练和科学精神的培养，科学教育的实效性无法得到保证。 相似文献
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Vicente Mellado Constantino Ruiz María Luisa Bermejo Roque Jiménez 《Science & Education》2006,15(5):419-445
One of the most important topics on the international agenda in educational research is to gain an understanding of the processes
of educational change in teachers and of the factors that favour or hinder it. Such understanding is, for instance, an essential
element in planning and putting into practice initial and ongoing teacher education programs. This article reviews the research
on science teachers’ educational change. To organize the information, an analogy is made with the process of scientific change,
analyzing and evaluating the contributions of the different models taken from the philosophy of science – positivism, Popper’s
principle of falsifiability, Lakatos’ scientific research programs, Laudan’s research traditions, Toulmin’s evolutionism,
and Kuhn’s relativism. We conclude the article with the implications for science teacher education. 相似文献
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Science, Philosophy of Science and Science Teaching 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yehuda Elkana 《Science & Education》2000,9(5):465-487
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The nature of science (NOS) has a prominent role among the national science education content standards at all grade levels, K–12. Results from a national survey of collegiate science educators indicate the perception that the greatest contributors to preservice teachers’ understanding of the nature of science were science methods courses, research projects, and science content courses. Implications of findings are discussed, including connections to current research concerning teacher preparation for effective NOS classroom teaching and student learning.The Nature of Science course on the authors’ campus was initiated in the early 1990s, has evolved, and remains in the required core curriculum for preservice chemistry, earth science, and physics teacher candidates. It is the capstone for NOS insights. It adds to and refines impressions garnered implicitly from science content courses, the methods course, and, for some, an undergraduate research experience. 相似文献
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本文首先从科学理论和科学与技术发展的趋势以及科学技术发展对人类社会的作用出发,阐述了当代科技和社会发展对综合性人才的呼唤,以及教育的功能.同时剖析了目前学校学科课程的形成过程及单学科教学的利与弊.在此基础上,分析了创新人才的培养需要基础教育适当软化已有的学科边界,从大科学观出发,使我们的基础教育能真正培养出适应新世纪的创新人才.最后,结合我国目前所进行的综合性科学(理科)课程教改试验的实际,从教育观念、师资培训、评价体系等方面提出了一些值得重视和研究的问题. 相似文献
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利用生命科学史培养学生的科学素养 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
罗世炜 《襄樊职业技术学院学报》2004,3(4):86-87
利用生命科学史培养学生的科学素养，关系到提高我国劳动生产力和国家竞争力。通过学习生命科学史，培养学生对科学知识的学习兴趣，培养学生的科学能力、科学方法、科学意识和科学品质。 相似文献
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科学教育对提高我国国民的科学素养起了巨大推动作用,但与国际比较,我们必须面对国民科学素养低下的严峻事实。在我国,由于正规科学教育的严重不足,作为非正规教育的科普教育就注定要对促进公众了解和理解科学技术,进而促进国民科学素养的提高承担更大的责任。 相似文献