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欺负行为一直受到发展心理学家的关注,但针对幼儿的研究较少。本研究依据欺负行为发生的冷认知理论,采用实验干预法,对有欺负行为的幼儿进行了为期一个月的移情训练。实验结果表明,通过移情训练可以有效减少幼儿的欺负行为。 相似文献
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欺负行为一直受到发展心理学家的关注,它对幼儿发展的影响不容忽视。本文通过梳理国内外有关欺负行为研究的文献后发现,研究者对欺负行为的概念界定不一,对幼儿欺负行为的研究较少,尤其是有关干预研究更为稀少。 相似文献
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欺负是力量相对较强的一方在未受激惹的情况下对较弱的一方重复进行的攻击。实际上，欺负的本质还在于行为的主观动机与意图和行为双方力量的客观对比。幼儿的欺负行为指幼儿较频繁、较严重地向他人或物品的身怵或言语上的攻击、作弄他人，以发怒、争吵、打架作为解决冲突的手段，侵害或漠视他人的权利，往往是体力或人际关系上占相对优势对较弱有意进行并造成对方生理或心理痛苦的攻击。幼儿的欺负行为不仅会对他人或集体造成危害，更会对幼儿自身发展造成严重的阻碍。具有这种行为的幼儿对外界环境持拒绝的态度，同伴关系差，爱惹事生非，不易受周围人的欢迎，各方面的发展受到限制，更有甚在长大后走上犯罪的道路。 相似文献
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欺负是力量相对较强的一方在未受激惹的情况下对较弱的一方重复进行的攻击。实际上,欺负的本质还在于行为的主观动机与意图和行为双方力量的客观对比。幼儿的欺负行为指幼儿较频繁、较严重地向他人或物品的身体或言语上的攻击、作弄他人,以发怒、争吵、打架作为解决冲突的手段,侵害或漠视他人的权利,往往是体力或人际关系上占相对优势者对较弱者有意进行并造成对方生理或心理痛苦的攻击。幼儿的欺负行为不仅会对他人或集体造成危害,更会对幼儿自身发展造成严重的阻碍。具有这种行为的幼儿对外界环境持拒绝的态度,同伴关系差,爱惹事生非,不易… 相似文献
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本文通过对欺负行为以及女生欺负行为具体研究结果入手，讨论了女生欺负行为的特点和具体的干预措施。 相似文献
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魏晓娟 《中小学心理健康教育》2007,(2S):7-9
本研究采用问卷调查和访谈法，对小学生的欺负行为及欺负卷入儿童的归因方式进行了研究。研究结果发现，小学校园欺负问题比较严重，欺负卷入儿童对模糊情境的认知归因存在缺陷。鉴于小学欺负现象的普遍性，教育者应采取相应措施控制和减少欺负行为的发生。 相似文献
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李莉 《四川教育学院学报》2007,23(4):8-10
欺负行为在中小学中非常普遍，大约有1／5的学生卷入其中，它阻碍了学生身心的正常发展。本文介绍了欺负行为的类型和特点，欺负的发生发展特点及其影响因素，并对学校中的欺负干预提出了建议。 相似文献
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江玲玲 《东方娃娃·保育与教育》2024,(1):22-24
<正>幼儿告状行为在幼儿园是一种常见的现象,是指幼儿认为自己受到同伴的欺负或者发现同伴的行为违反了教师的要求时,为了阻止同伴的行为,主动向教师发起的一种互动行为。[1]告状行为是幼儿的一种心理表达方式,对幼儿的社会性发展起着重要的作用。面对幼儿的告状行为,新手教师(教龄在1～3年且暂无职称的教师)如果缺乏正确的策略应对,不仅会影响教学活动的正常进行,还会阻碍幼儿的身心健康发展。本文从师幼互动的角度出发,探析新手教师应对大班幼儿告状行为的策略,并提出相应的建议。 相似文献
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受欺负儿童的人格特征及其教育 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
受欺负儿童是指那些经常或频繁地遭受他人欺负的儿童，是欺负行为（bullying）中的受害者。如欺负行为一样，儿童受欺负的发生也具有普遍性的特点。国内外的研究表明，１０—２０％的中小学生经常受到直接或间接欺负。无论是何种欺负形式，都可能使儿童产生焦虑、孤独、抑郁、退缩、自尊降低、学习成绩下降、逃学等一系列的心理及适应问题，使其身心健康受到严重的伤害。因此，近年来，研究的焦点逐渐突破了攻击者一方的局限，受欺负儿童引起了研究者的关注和重视。以受欺负儿童为对象进行研究，不仅可以帮助儿童减少自身受欺负的可能性，而… 相似文献
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儿童在学前教育阶段所习得的行为习惯与思维方式将决定儿童的道德品质与智力发展。文章简述学前教育中培养幼儿行为习惯的意义,并针对幼儿去中心化、情绪支配行为、情绪感知能力强、好奇心强等生理和心理特征提出培养幼儿行为习惯的建议。要培养幼儿的道德观念与文明素养,发挥家长的教育与监督作用,培养幼儿的逆商。 相似文献
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Social cognition in parents: inferential and affective reactions to children of three age levels 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The present research proposes and tests an attributional model of parent cognition. Derived from correspondent inference theory, the model emphasizes that parents assess children's behavior primarily by determining whether that behavior reflects children's intentions and dispositions or, instead, constraints on children's control of behavior from situational pressures or developmental limitations in knowledge and ability. In 2 studies, support was obtained for 4 predictions. First, findings show that parents' assessments of children's behavior are closely tied to the developmental level of the child. As children developed, parents thought children's behavior was increasingly caused by personality dispositions and was increasingly intentional, under the child's control, and, for misconduct, understood to be wrong. Second, parents' affective reactions to misconduct were related to their assessments of its cause and, third, became increasingly negative as children developed. Positive affect, in contrast, was unrelated to attributions for children's positive behavior. Fourth, parents' assessments of children's behavior were affected by the behavior's desirability. Parents thought children's altruism was more intentional, dispositional, and under the child's control than children's misconduct. Implications for how parents assess and react to children's behavior are discussed. 相似文献
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This study focused on the communicative interaction of fathers with their Head Start children and the relationship of fathers' and children's communicative skills and child behavior problems early and late in the school year. The results indicate a relationship between children's communicative competence and social behavior. The structural models for externalizing and internalizing behavior confirm the hypothesis that father communication is linked to child communication skills and child communication is linked to behavior problems. The findings also suggest that children's communicative competence may have an ongoing direct effect on children's social behavior that transcends the impact that earlier social behavior has on later social behavior. 相似文献
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随着我国城市家庭结构的核心化，儿童行为问题颇受人们的广泛关注。因此，探讨母亲养育方式与儿童行为问题之间的关系，并为矫正儿童行为问题提出可行的对策显得尤为重要。据此。我们以中版的父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)和Rutter儿童行为量表为研究工具。采取分层抽样方法对所抽取的兰州市10所幼儿因150名3—6岁儿童及其母亲进行调查与分析。结果表明，母亲养育方式与儿童行为问题的发生具有很强的相关性。 相似文献
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Parents' Use of Inductive Discipline: Relations to Children's Empathy and Prosocial Behavior 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Relations between parents' discipline, children's empathic responses, and children's prosocial behavior were examined in order to evaluate Martin Hoffman's claim that children's empathy and empathy-based guilt mediate the socialization of children's prosocial behavior. 78 sixth and seventh graders (138–172 months in age), their mothers, and teachers completed multiple measures of Hoffman's constructs. Results were largely consistent with theory. Parents' use of inductive as opposed to power-assertive discipline was related to children's prosocial behavior. Children of inductive parents were more empathic; and more empathic children were more prosocial. Moreover, children's empathy was found to mediate the relation between parents' discipline and children's prosocial behavior. Few relations were obtained for children's guilt indices, but post hoc analyses yielded theoretically consistent results. Contrary to expectations, parents' use of statements of disappointment was the component of the inductive discipline score which was most strongly related to children's prosocial behavior. 相似文献
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Parents' Attributions for Their Children's Behavior 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
Scott A. Miller 《Child development》1995,66(6):1557-1584
Parents' attributions for children's behavior are of interest both as a form of adult social cognition and as possible contributors to children's development. This article reviews work on the determinants and the effects of parents' attributions. Included in the discussion of possible determinants are characteristics of the target (e.g., age and sex), characteristics of the judge (e.g., mothers vs. fathers), and characteristics of the behavior to be explained (e.g., positive or negative). Included in the discussion of possible effects are effects on parents' affect and behavior and on children's development. The evidence suggests that parents do form attributions for their children's behavior and that these attributions vary in predictable (although not perfectly consistent) ways across judges, targets, and outcomes. The evidence also suggests, although less certainly, that attributions affect both parents' behavior and children's development. The review concludes with suggestions for future research. 相似文献
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使用多元逐步回归分析的方法研究父母养育方式对子女问题行为的影响。结果发现:母亲拒绝、否认、过干涉、过保护能正向预测子女内隐、外显问题行为;父母情感温暖理解能负向预测子女内倾、外显问题行为。 相似文献
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目前有关幼儿合作行为的研究主要集中在其发展阶段与影响因素方面。研究者对幼儿出现合作行为的时间与发展趋势尚未取得一致看法,对影响合作因素的分析则开始从强调外部因素转为关注内部因素,越来越多的研究者开始探讨个体人格与认知对合作的影响。未来有关幼儿合作的研究应在研究方法与内容上进行拓展或创新,应更多关注幼儿在真实生活情境中的合作行为,运用更为成熟的脑成像技术与微观发生法深入地探究幼儿合作的内部认知神经机制与心理发展过程。 相似文献
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在推崇素质教育与赏识教育的今天,幼儿园应当高度重视行为管理,培养幼儿的自控能力和自我管理能力。幼儿园的行为管理,应当注重对问题行为的预防,通过对幼儿行为的指导,培养幼儿的自控能力,帮助幼儿建立自我概念、自尊和责任感等内在机制,使幼儿的行为受内部刺激的影响而不是外在条件的压迫,使幼儿进行自我管理。 相似文献