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1.
《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104661
Using patent data for a panel sample of European companies between 1995 and 2016 we explore whether the inventive success in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is related to earlier firms’ innovation in the area of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and identify which company characteristics and external factors shape this performance. We show that AI innovation presents strong dynamic returns (learning effects) and benefits from complementaries with knowledge earlier developed in the area of network and communication technologies, high-speed computing and data analysis, and more recently cognition and imaging. AI patent productivity increases with the scale of firm innovation, and is lower for companies with narrow technological competences. There is evidence of knowledge spillovers from ICT innovators to AI innovators, but this effect is confined to the frontier firms of the new technological field. Our findings suggest that, with the take-off of the new technology, the technological lead of top AI innovators has increased due to the accumulation of internal competences and the expanding knowledge base. These trends help explain the concentration process of the world’s data market. 相似文献
2.
In the last five decades, maturity models have been introduced as reference frameworks for Information System (IS) management in organizations within different industries. In the healthcare domain, maturity models have also been used to address a wide variety of challenges and the high demand for hospital IS (HIS) implementations. The increasing volume of data, is exceeded the ability of health organizations to process it for improving clinical and financial efficiencies and quality of care. It is believed that careful and attentive use of Data Analytics in healthcare can transform data into knowledge that can improve patient outcomes and operational efficiency. A maturity model in this conjuncture, is a way of identifying strengths and weaknesses of the HIS maturity and thus, find a way for improvement and evolution. This paper presents a proposal to measure Hospitals Information Systems maturity with regard to Data Analytics. The outcome of this paper is a maturity model, which includes six stages of HIS growth and maturity progression. 相似文献
3.
基于国际电信联盟（ITU）曾经使用的信息通信技术发展指数（旧IDI），提出改进的信息通信技术/数字化发展指数（新IDI）。2007年以来，金砖五国信息化和数字经济水平均有较大提升，其中四国的信息通信技术（ICT）/数字化发展水平已达到或接近G20国家中等水平。金砖五国中，俄罗斯ICT接入指数最高，中国、南非和印度ICT接入情况得到了明显改善；中国ICT应用指数增长近3倍，其他四国也在ICT应用领域得到显著提高；在ICT技能上，俄罗斯、中国与南非已有超过90%、巴西为超过85%的国民拥有互联网上交流和使用的条件；总体看来，俄罗斯相关发展水平长期领先，中国、巴西与南非居中，印度与其他四国有一定差距。相比2007年，金砖国家平均信息通信技术/数字化发展指数（IDI）水平在2020年时和G20平均水平的差距已大幅缩小，主要得益于其网络建设和普及。分析表明，IDI与各国在信息通信领域发表的SCI论文数和WOS中的非SCI论文数（不考虑2020年）存在正相关，中国以及巴俄印三国（不考虑2020年）专利数量与IDI指数之间具有一定的正相关，巴西、俄罗斯、南非三国的IDI与本国人均生产总值的关联度不显... 相似文献
4.
可视化数据探索及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
可视化数据探索以其特有的与数据集直接交互的特点在信息可视化研究中占有非常重要的地位。本文在对可视化数据探索的概念、相关技术进行阐述的基础上用了三个例子来说明可视化数据探索的应用及其在情报分析中的作用。 相似文献
5.
In this investigation we use a modified Networked Readiness Index (NRI) framework to investigate whether (1) ICT capabilities impact public value creation, and (2) if the public value is associated with the socio-economic impact of ICT capabilities. In the case of this study the construct Public Value is represented via two different proxies. In the first case we use a perception-based measure of public value (as represented by the World Government Indicators) and in the second case we use a surrogate objective measure (as represented by the Cost of Business Startup Procedures (CBSP)). We use a six-step multi-method methodology that involves Cluster Analysis, Correlation Analysis, Decision Trees Induction, Data Envelopment Analysis, Association Rules Mining, and Ordinary Least Squares regression to conduct the inquiry in the context of 26 Sub-Saharan (SSA) economies. Results of our data analysis include: 1) the set of economies with better developed ICT Capabilities are relatively more efficient in converting ICT Capabilities into Public Value than the relatively poorer economies with less developed ICT Capabilities; 2) High levels of ICT capabilities in the areas of Affordability Readiness, Skills Readiness, the Political & Regulatory Environment, and Business Usage allow for relatively more efficient generation of Public Value. 相似文献
6.
从能力观的角度出发,本文提出了由五能力元素组成的知识工作者个体能力整体维度框架。并以此为基础,通过实证研究,比较了各能力元素对管理类知识工作者和技术类知识工作者相对重要性的差异,证实了知识工作者能力的有机性。并提出了一个知识工作者能力的整体框架,为企业有针对性评审、管理和提高知识工作者能力提供有益指导性框架。 相似文献
7.
This paper studies the patterns of innovation in the ICT field using patents and patent citations. It provides an original methodology to identify ICT applications using patent abstracts and selecting the most frequent sequential triples of words without any a priori selection of keywords. This paper shows that the set of IPC classes related to ICT is broader than the one usually considered.Moreover, our results show that ICT applications can be distinguished into two main groups in terms of growth and structure of innovative activities, technological pervasiveness, and knowledge sources. High opportunity ICT applications are characterised by high growth of patenting activity, high rate of entry of new innovators and high concentration of technological activity across firms. They also display a diversified knowledge base in terms of technological domains and actors involved. Conversely, low opportunity ICT applications are characterised by a lower growth and by a lower concentration of innovative activities across firms, as well as by a lower rate of entry of new innovators. Innovations in these ICT applications show less diversified knowledge sources and a higher degree of internal knowledge base. 相似文献
8.
《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(3):150-154
Open data aims to unlock the innovation potential of businesses, governments, and entrepreneurs, yet it also harbours significant challenges for its effective use. While numerous innovation successes exist that are based on the open data paradigm, there is uncertainty over the data quality of such datasets. This data quality uncertainty is a threat to the value that can be generated from such data. Data quality has been studied extensively over many decades and many approaches to data quality management have been proposed. However, these approaches are typically based on datasets internal to organizations, with known metadata, and domain knowledge of the data semantics. Open data, on the other hand, are often unfamiliar to the user and may lack metadata. The aim of this research note is to outline the challenges in dealing with data quality of open datasets, and to set an agenda for future research to address this risk to deriving value from open data investments. 相似文献
9.
Based on data collected through a complex survey of science and engineering PhD graduates from a UK research-based university, this paper examines the different types of careers and to what extent different types of competences acquired from doctoral education are regarded as valuable in the different career types. The results show that employment outside the conventional technical occupations is the main destination for the survey respondents. This career type is not only successful at retaining its members, but is also the destination of the other career types. Moreover, different types of competences from doctoral education are regarded as relatively more valuable in different career types: knowledge directly tied to subject areas is regarded as more valuable in academia/public research; both knowledge directly tied to subject areas (but more general type of knowledge rather than specialist knowledge in PhD topics) and the more general and transferable skills are regarded as valuable in technical positions in manufacturing; and the general and transferable skills are regarded as more valuable in employment outside the conventional technical occupations. In absolute terms, general analytical skills and problem solving capability acquired from doctoral education are perceived as valuable in all three career types. 相似文献
10.
通过对数据仓库及数据挖掘概念的阐述，以及数据挖掘技术在情报学领域的应用研究历史和现状分析，试图表明数据挖掘技术在情报学领域的应用研究成果及存在的问题，这对认清其发展趋势，很有必要。 相似文献
11.
囿于不同专业学科的设置要求,财税法课程体系因经济学与法学门类迥异导致了不同学科的财税法学生知识储备各有侧重．难以满足现代社会对具备全面知识的专业人才要求。实践中,经管类学生侧重于预算与税收会计的演算．却忽视相关财税法理念的铺垫。加剧了实践操作对法律关系定性的难度;而法学领域的财税法学生则侧重法学基础理论的培养．缺乏对经济学类基础尤其是财政预算与税务技能的培养致使财税实践技能的缺乏。针对上述诸多问题,通过教师、学生、实务部分的三方互动合作,并利用多元化的教学方法将有助于财税法教学走出困境．从而为社会培养兼具法律与财经知识的综合性专业人才。 相似文献
12.
重要的数据、档案或历史纪录,不论是对企业用户,还是对个人用户,都是至关重要的。在日常生活中跟数据库打交道的绝大多数都不是数据库方面的专业人士,而要他们做出专业级别的数据备份确实困难。C#以其自身特点就为非专业人士做出专业级数据备份、恢复提供了可能。通过探讨C#与SQL Server环境数据安全技术中的数据备份方面的知识,给人们一些启示。 相似文献
13.
信息资源描述与存储的可视化研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文论述了信息资源可视化模型方法，并对信息资源采用了图符法、高维空间描述法、语音-文本转换法、知识组织体系法和多种数据压缩法，从而确立了信息资源可视化模型。信息可视化模型需要专用的图符库、词库、资源特征库与相关知识库的支撑，它极大地方便了信息资源的描述、存储、检索与利用。同时，为了有效地利用存储空间、优化系统，采用多种数据压缩方法对图符库、词库和资源特征的索引库等信息资源的可视化描述进行了有效压缩，使可视化模型得到进一步优化。 相似文献
14.
后发企业网络能力演化路径及其机制研究——丰田的案例研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
网络能力是企业在网络关系中获取、整合和重构内外竞争力来雒持竞争优势的能力.分析了后发企业网络能力从获取能力、整合能力、转移能力到创新能力的演化路径.基于知识单元、知识架构、知识网络和创新视角探讨了能力深度演化机理.通过日本丰田汽车的案例研究佐证网络能力演化的路径和机制. 相似文献
15.
中职护理教育是国家培养应用型护理人才的重要组成部分,它强调学生技能的应用。中职护理专职教师利用假期或课余时间进行临床实践不仅有利于自身专业知识和专业技能的提高,及时发现教材知识与临床实际的脱节,提高自身教学能力,培养爱伤观念,还有利于实习生的管理教育和校内实践基地的建设。 相似文献
16.
Research data management (RDM) is an important prerequisite for a substantial and sustainable contribution to knowledge. There is a pressing need to examine why researchers hesitate to store, annotate, share and manage their research data. To model underlying psychological factors influencing researchers’ refusal to conduct RDM, the social exchange theory is extended with elements from prospect theory. Thus, it allows psychological insights into researchers’ decision-making, and illustrates the role of cost and benefit evaluations under uncertainty. Data management policies of a major funding agency were presented to a homogeneous group of researchers from the Information Systems community in Germany. The findings show that many researchers see a high value in RDM but are still held back by uncertainty. While the benefits seem to outweigh the costs, we ascertain the uncertainty factors which hinder researchers’ intention from conducting RDM in the future. The perceived fear of losing control over one's data is identified as a major hindering factor, while the fear of losing one's unique value did not prevail. The study provides novel insights for executives, administrators, and developers in higher education institutions, which are especially important for furthering RDM implementation strategies, as well as for system development. 相似文献
17.
Information and Communication Technology Challenges to Scientific Professional Identity 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Increasingly, information and communication technology (ICT) uses are transforming professional activities and interactions in ways that challenge traditional assumptions about professional identity. In this article, we consider the ways in which the professional identities of research scientists in oceanography and marine biology are shaped by the use of ICTs. We draw empirical data from an ongoing study of scientific research collaborations that examines uses of basic communication technologies, as well as scientific technologies with embedded ICT components. Our analysis suggests that development and use of ICT-enabled scientific technologies are identity enhancing for many scientists, facilitating their development of unique areas of scientific knowledge. ICT-related changes in data collection, collaborative coordination, and scientific interaction also challenge traditional definitions of expertise and professional identity. An examination of these challenges directs attention to the project identities that form around ICT-enabled scientific technologies and the ways that those project identities are enacted through ICTs. 相似文献
18.
职业技能比赛已经促进了一些宏观方面的教学改革,课程改革,教学手段改革以及师资队伍建设和实训基地的建设等,本文主要是讨论怎样把电气专业技能比赛的积极作用应用到学生中去,促进大多数不参加比赛的学生学习专业技能,提出了一些途径方法构思。 相似文献
19.
Over recent years, organizations have started to capitalize on the significant use of Big Data and emerging technologies to analyze, and gain valuable insights linked to, decision-making processes. The process of Competitive Intelligence (CI) includes monitoring competitors with a view to delivering both actionable and meaningful intelligence to organizations. In this regard, the capacity to leverage and unleash the potential of big data tools and techniques is one of various significant components of successfully steering CI and ultimately infusing such valuable knowledge into CI strategies. In this paper, the authors aim to examine Big Data applications in CI processes within organizations by exploring how organizations deal with Big Data analytics, and this study provides a context for developing Big Data frameworks and process models for CI in organizations. Overall, research findings have indicated a preference for a rather centralized informal process as opposed to a clear formal structure for CI; the use of basic tools for queries, as opposed to reliance on dedicated methods such as advanced machine learning; and the existence of multiple challenges that companies currently face regarding the use of big data analytics in building organizational CI. 相似文献
20.
建立中国资源环境数据仓库的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
资源环境数据仓库是面向资源环境的、综合的、不同时间的、稳定的数据集合,将分散在全国各个部门、不同平台的资源环境数据,经过抽取、转化、集成,建立中国资源环境数据仓库,为我国资源环境的决策提供有力的技术支持。资源环境数据仓库中可以设置若干个决策目标主题,根据不同的决策目标过程的,使原数据得到增值和统一,并致力于知识的发展。资源环境数据仓库的实施平台必须是一个开放式的系统,能支持多种平台和多种数据库,要有基于Internet的决策支持工具和GIS应用工具,满足各种不同用户的需要。 相似文献