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1.
The present study addresses the distinction between specific (SLI) and nonspecific (NLI) language impairment at an etiological level by estimating the relative genetic and environmental contributions to language impairment in children with SLI and NLI. Drawing on a large longitudinal twin study, we tested a sample of 356 four-and-a-half-year-old children with low language ability and their twin partners at home on a range of language and nonverbal measures. For children whose language and nonverbal abilities were both low (NLI), genetic influence on language impairment was moderate and shared environmental influence was substantial. A similar pattern emerged for children whose language difficulties occurred in apparent isolation (SLI), although there was a trend for the genetic effects to be smaller for SLI than for NLI: Group heritability was .18 for SLI and .52 for NLI. Probandwise cross-concordances were suggestive of some genetic overlap between these two groups, but not with a subgroup of children with more severe cognitive delay.  相似文献   

2.
The aim of this research has been to test the efficacy of an intervention programme on lexical-semantic problems in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). The sample consisted of 34 children diagnosed with SLI and 34 children with typical language development, all enrolled in different schools on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). For the selection of the sample, CELF-3, Peabody, ITPA Auditory Association and Visual Association subtests and the K-BIT IQ tests were used. The intervention programme consisted of 72 sessions of 30 minutes each, using noun and action naming activities along with conversation and categorization tasks in order to increase vocabulary and improve lexical semantic competence. Significant results were achieved in aspects related to the acquisition of vocabulary as well as in lexical semantics or related terms. The educational implications are clear insofar as lexical-semantic aspects are key in terms of activating other linguistic components and in improving the academic progress of SLI students.  相似文献   

3.
《国家课程》是英国全国性的基础教育质量标准,其涵盖5-16岁儿童四个关键阶段14门课程的标准及九个学业评价表现水平划分。为确保"标准"切实落实,推行配套的"国家测评",成立相应管理机构,制订出台相关问责章程,是支持这一系统工程顺利运行的必要措施。当前,英国基础教育质量标准体系在制订与实施,设计与编制,管理与问责既显示出特色又反映出问题,为学者持续探讨提供空间。  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

Current knowledge of the integration of children with specific language impairment (SLI) is examined. The paper begins by defining this group of children and the nature of their difficulties. The heterogeneous characteristics of SLI children are discussed. It then addresses the educational provisions made for SLI children and the opportunities for integration present in different models of provision. Research on the integration of SLI children is evaluated with particular emphasis on the difficulties encountered by this group of children. The paper concludes with some thoughts for future research.  相似文献   

5.
Many children with communication impairments whose educational needs cannot be met in mainstream classrooms receive additional resource support in classroom units that specialise in the coordination and provision of academic teaching and speech language therapy in the UK. This study estimated the prevalence of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) among the children attending these classroom units. In nine classroom units with a total of 147 pupils, the prevalence of SLI was estimated to be 13%. The receptive-expressive SLI group comprised 10% of the sample, and the expressive-only group comprised 3%. An additional borderline language-impaired group was identified by only one of the four language measures used, that is, sentence repetition. It is argued that the abilities of specialised classroom units to meet the educational needs of children with SLI and other communication impairments may be challenged by an increasingly diverse intake.  相似文献   

6.
The increasing number of children with profound and multiple learning difficulties means that many schools for children with severe learning difficulties are having to review the curriculum that they offer. In addition, these schools are continuing to question whether a subject‐based approach, in line with the National Curriculum, is the most appropriate way of meeting the educational needs of children working at the earliest stages of development. The staff at Stephen Hawking School, in east London, have been reviewing their curriculum over the past two years to try and meet the needs of their changing population, the needs of the National Curriculum and the suggestions and proposals in both the Rose and Cambridge reviews.  相似文献   

7.
Self-reported maternal literacy beliefs and home literacy practices were compared for families of children with typicially developing language skills (TL, n = 52) and specific language impairment (SLI, n = 56). Additionally, the present work examined whether maternal beliefs and practices predicted children's print-related knowledge. Mothers filled out 2 questionnaires asking about their literacy beliefs and practices while children's print-related knowledge was assessed directly. Results indicated that mothers of children with SLI held somewhat less positive beliefs about literacy and reported engaging in fewer literacy practices compared to mothers of children with TL. For the entire sample, maternal literacy practices and beliefs predicted children's print-related knowledge, although much of this association was accounted for by maternal education. Subgroup analyses focused specifically on children with SLI showed there to be no relation between maternal literacy beliefs and practices and children's print-related knowledge. The present findings suggest that the home literacy experiences of children with SLI, and the way that these experiences impact print-related knowledge, may differ in important ways from typical peers.  相似文献   

8.
How to monitor and raise standards of educational attainment generally were issues addressed by the British Government in 1988 when the National Curriculum was introduced into all state‐funded primary schools in England and Wales: ‘There is every reason for optimism that in providing a sound, sufficiently detailed framework over the next decade the National Curriculum will give children and teachers much needed help in achieving higher standards.’ This paper assesses the value of looking closely at successive reading scores of cohorts of children in order to monitor reading attainments over time. The reading attainments of seven cohorts of Year 2 children from five randomly selected primary schools within one local education authority (LEA) (N = 1,329) are analysed to see if standards of literacy have changed since the introduction of the National Curriculum in 1989. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were used in this cross‐sectional study. The reading attainments of each of the seven cohorts of Year 2 children, as measured by the are presented. Headteacher perceptions of the effects of the National Curriculum on the teaching and learning of reading in their schools were collected through interviews. Examination of the means of the standardized comprehension scores for each cohort reveals no statistically significant differences in attainment between any two cohorts. It was noted that the distribution of the reading scores was skewed towards underachievement in all seven cohorts. The relative stability in reading attainments contrasts with the aspiration that the introduction of the National Curriculum would raise standards. Headteachers saw this stability as the result of key stage 1 teachers working at an intense rate to safeguard the teaching and learning of reading against the pressures exerted by the introduction of the National Curriculum and assessment procedures.  相似文献   

9.
Some teachers have been expressing doubts about the appropriateness of the early levels of National Curriculum mathematics targets for children with learning difficulties. Dr Brian O'Toole, lecturer in special education, and Pamela O'Toole, also at the Department of Education, Manchester University, report a study of 99 children in special and mainstream schools which supports these doubts. Many of the seven-year-olds were unable to succeed at Level 1 in number and will need structured preliminary programmes to do so.  相似文献   

10.
This article investigates the impact of transitions upon pupils aged 11–14 with speech, language and communication needs, including specific language impairment and autism. The aim is to identify stress factors, examine whether these affect any subgroups in particular and suggest practical strategies to support pupils through transitions. Stress factors discussed include homework, bullying, independent learning and social situations. The compared subgroups include pupils with diagnosis of SLI and autism, those receiving free school meals and those not, and pupils achieving at different National Curriculum levels. The sample is too small to be representative or generalisable but some recommendations for practice are given.  相似文献   

11.
This article examines the context and content of the National Curriculum documentation published so far within the framework of educational debates on the education of black children (black referring to non‐white). In particular it focuses on the interpretation of equal opportunities, the proposed strategies for implementation within the National Curriculum, and the prospects for success because of the other changes brought about by the 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA). The main conclusion is that in some respects more appears to have been achieved than would have seemed possible in the early stages of the debates relating to ERA; on the other hand, there is a probability that an education system that provides true equal opportunities for groups and individuals currently being denied that will remain more of a hope than a reality. The article concludes that equality of opportunity is still a long way off, especially from a black perspective.  相似文献   

12.
Hilary Shuard, director of the PrIME Project, based at Hamerton College, Cambridge, relates the project's work to children with special educational needs doing mathematics. She also relates PrIME's work to the National Curriculum.  相似文献   

13.
Towards Level 1: Reality or Illusion?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
'Working towards Level 1' has becomes a familiar phrase since teachers of children with severe learning difficulties have begun planning access to the National Curriculum for their pupils. 'Is this a reality or illusion?' ask Bernard Emblem and Dr Gina Conti-Ramsden, Centre for Educational Guidance and Special Needs, Manchester University.  相似文献   

14.
Although the House of Commons went into recess at the end of July and Parliament has not reconvened at the time of writing in early October, the last two weeks before the summer recess brought several questions and allusions to special educational provision, on issues ranging from the National Curriculum to services for children who are deaf/blind.  相似文献   

15.
Children identified as normal or as specifically language impaired (SLI) were given speech, language, and intelligence testing on a longitudinal basis. Fourteen normal and 29 SLI children between the ages of 4 1/2 and 8 years were tested at Time 1. They were retested three to four years later when they were 8 to 12 years old. The results indicated that both the normal and the SLI children continued to develop skills in receptive and expressive language and speech articulation across the 3- to 4-year period intervening between evaluations. Overall, however, the SLI children appeared to develop language skills at a slower than normal rate and 80% of them remained language impaired at Time 2. In addition, the majority of the SLI children manifested reading impairment at Time 2, while none of the normal children did so. The implications for the educational management of SLI children are discussed. Research supported by the March of Dimes, Grant #12-84. Presented at the 32nd Annual Conference of The Orton Dyslexia Society, Baltimore, Maryland, November 1982.  相似文献   

16.
This qualitative study used data from semi‐structured interviews with eight school counsellors working with adolescents in secondary education and asked them how they perceived counselling interventions as helping to raise achievement. The present context in secondary education is perceived as results led. This adheres to government policy as manifested in the National Curriculum and the examination system. However at a grass roots level there is a growing acceptance of having counsellors working in schools to support the emotional and psychological needs of children and adolescents. The counsellors identified three areas in which they felt their clients' achievement was raised through a counselling intervention: developmentally, socially and less directly, academically. Further study is called for to explore what effect applying a complementary integration and understanding of counselling and educational philosophy might have on raising achievement with adolescents in secondary education.  相似文献   

17.
The National Curriculum was introduced into British primary schools in 1989 to raise standards of attainment, especially in the basic skills of English and mathematics. Other steps taken to raise standards included putting basic skills at the heart of the school curriculum and teacher training and publishing school performance tables to focus attention on standards. What has been the effect of these measures on children's mathematical attainments? This paper analyses the mathematics standards of eight cohorts of Year 2 children from five randomly selected primary schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) (n = 1502) who had all done Mathematics 7 from 1989–1996. Examination of the means of the standardised mathematics scores for each cohort reveals evidence of stable standards in attainment over the 8 years. There are fewer over‐achievers than one would expect and this indicates that less children in this sample are doing really well than was the case when the test was standardised. Discussion centres on the cost effectiveness and utility of the National Curriculum, assessment procedures and the publishing of school performance tables in raising mathematical standards at Key Stage 1. The need for an effective system for monitoring educational standards throughout the UK is raised.  相似文献   

18.
This article examines the many critiques of educational policies concerning the National Curriculum and the standards and testing regimes for pupils and teachers associated with it. It goes on to suggest that there is a danger of educational researchers and policy-makers arguing themselves into a cul de sac where an unproductive stand-off may prevail. It is argued that a more productive way forward is to be found in a focus on the ‘capacity-building’ of teachers using formative assessment and double-loop learning as the basis for action. This will present a challenge for teachers as well as for policy-makers.  相似文献   

19.
Since the Portage home teaching approach came here from the United States, in 1976, Portage projects have begun to extend into schools. Dr Robert Cameron, tutor for continuing professional development in educational psychology, Southampton University, and Mollie White, senior lecturer in early childhood education, King Alfred's College of Higher Education, trace Portage's growth and speculate about its future, including its relevance to the National Curriculum.  相似文献   

20.
This paper reviews some of the evidence which demonstrates under‐achievement in working‐class children together with important analyses and interpretations, and contemporary practical attempts to redress the problem. It is argued that practical innovations have not greatly influenced or improved the relationship between class and achievement. An attempt is made to discover to what extent the introduction of a National Curriculum as part of the Education Reform Act can be seen as a potential solution to the problem of working‐class under‐achievement. It is argued that the means of redressing working‐class under‐achievement in the National Curriculum must lie ultimately with individual teachers and their ability to present the National Curriculum in relevant forms to all children. In any mass education process there will be those for whom the given curriculum is removed from everyday experience. This does not invalidate the idea of “worthwhile’ knowledge but it means that we must be constantly questioning how we can transmit the curriculum while, as far as is possible, reducing the gap between everyday experience and classroom experience.  相似文献   

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