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1.
A number of available resources offer guidance about hypermedia design strategies, many of which rely on principles of user-centered
design. Many recent efforts, however, have focused more on developing learner-centered hypermedia. Learner-centered hypermedia is designed to help learners achieve their educational goals, rather than offer mere
usability. Unfortunately, this endeavor is hamstrung by a lack of empirical research on the topic. Research conducted in my
laboratory and others has provided some insight, however. It is now understood that several system and user characteristics
influence outcomes of hypermedia-assisted learning (HAL). Among the most relevant factors are learners’ levels of metacognition
and prior knowledge, and the interaction between these factors and hypermedia structure. By capitalizing on this research,
it is possible to create hypermedia that scaffolds learners in their quest to build knowledge and understanding. The present
article draws from empirical findings to suggest hypermedia design strategies aimed at scaffolding learners engaged in HAL.
These guidelines target learners’ knowledge and metacognitive ability to structure hypermedia that maximizes learning potential.
相似文献
| Amy M. ShapiroEmail: |
2.
Exploring the fluctuation of motivation and use of self-regulatory processes during learning with hypermedia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We collected think-aloud, pre-test, post-test, and motivation data from 43 undergraduates to examine the impact of conceptual
scaffolds on the fluctuation of certain motivation constructs and use of self-regulatory processes during learning with hypermedia.
Participants were randomly assigned to either the No Scaffolding (NS) or Conceptual Scaffolding (CS) condition. During the
experimental session, each participant individually completed a pre-test on the circulatory system, a pre-task motivation
questionnaire, one 30-min hypermedia learning task during which they learned about the circulatory system, a motivation questionnaire
at three regular intervals during this learning task, a post-test on the circulatory system, and a post-task motivation questionnaire.
Results indicated that while participants in both conditions gained declarative knowledge, participants who received conceptual
scaffolds during learning demonstrated deeper understanding of the circulatory system on the post-test. In terms of self-regulatory
processes, the results indicated that participants in the CS condition used significantly more planning processes during learning
than participants in the NS condition. Additionally, participants in both conditions significantly decreased their use of
strategies as they progressed through the learning task. Regarding motivation while learning with hypermedia, results indicated
that participants in both conditions reported significantly increased levels of interest as they progressed through the learning
task. Furthermore, participants in the CS condition reported the task as being easier and putting forth less effort than participants
in the NS condition.
相似文献
| Daniel C. MoosEmail: |
3.
Peter Gerjets Katharina Scheiter Julia Schuh 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2008,56(1):73-92
Global comparisons of learning from hypertext/hypermedia and traditional presentation formats like text have yet failed to
show major advantages concerning the effectiveness of hypermedia learning. Thus, it is proposed in the current paper to evaluate
hypermedia environments more specifically with regard to their potential to implement and support well-defined learning approaches.
According to this view, an effective hypermedia design needs to be based on thorough cognitive task analyses with regard to
structures, processes, and resources that are required to benefit from a specific learning approach. This claim is illustrated
by two experiments in which we explored the instructional potential of hypermedia environments for improving schema acquisition
from worked-out examples. A cognitive task analysis was used to identify specific types of information comparisons that are
crucial for successful schema induction and that might be effectively supported by suitably designed hypermedia environments.
The experiments investigated two methods for enhancing comparison processes in hypermedia-assisted learning from worked-out
examples, namely, elaboration prompts and an interactive comparison tool. Both methods improved performance for near-transfer
problems. Ways of extending this task-analytical approach to facilitating far transfer are also discussed.
相似文献
| Peter GerjetsEmail: |
4.
Brian R. Belland Krista D. Glazewski Jennifer C. Richardson 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2008,56(4):401-422
Problem-based learning (PBL) is an instructional approach in which students in small groups engage in an authentic, ill-structured
problem, and must (1) define, generate and pursue learning issues to understand the problem, (2) develop a possible solution,
(3) provide evidence to support their solution, and (4) present their solution and the evidence that supports it (Barrows,
How to design a problem-based curriculum for the preclinical years. Springer Publishing, New York, 1985). However, research has shown that novice problem-solvers and learners without deep content knowledge have difficulty developing
strong evidence-based arguments (Krajcik et al., J Learn Sci 7:313–350, 1998a; Reiser, J Lear Sci 13(3):273–304, 2004). In this paper, we discuss the components of (e.g., claims and evidence) and processes of making (e.g., define problem and
make claim) evidence-based arguments. Furthermore, we review various scaffolding models designed to help students perform
various tasks associated with creating evidence-based arguments (e.g., link claims to evidence) and present guidelines for
the development of computer-based scaffolds to help middle school students build evidence-based arguments.
相似文献
| Brian R. BellandEmail: |
5.
Faculty experiences of innovative approaches to learning and the changes to their knowledge emerging from such experiences
constitute an important area of inquiry that has to date largely been ignored or has been approached with research methods
ill-suited to examining such experiences. This paper adopts interpretative meta-ethnography as its research framework to investigate
the changes to faculty knowledge that occur when they adopt problem-based learning (PBL). The paper presents themes that emerged
through the analysis and argues for future inquiry.
相似文献
| Claire Howell MajorEmail: |
6.
Compatibility between cultural studies and conceptual change in science education: there is more to acknowledge than to fight straw men! 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this response, we attempt to clarify our position on conceptual change, state our position on mental models being a viable
construct to represent learning, indicate important issues from the social cultural perspective that can inform our work on
conceptual change and lastly comment on issues that we consider to be straw men. Above all we argue that there is no best
theory of teaching and learning and argue for a multiple perspective approach to understanding science teaching and learning.
David F. Treagust is a professor of science education at Curtin University of Technology in Perth, Western Australia where he teaches courses in campus-based and international programs related to teaching and learning science. His research interests include understanding students’ ideas about science concepts and how these ideas relate to conceptual change, the design of curricula and teachers’ classroom practices. Reinders Duit is a professor of physics education at the Leibniz Institute for Science Education (IPN) at the University of Kiel, the Central Institute for Science Education Research in Germany. A major concern of his work has been teaching and learning science from conceptual change perspectives. More recently, his work includes video-based studies on the practice of science instruction as well as teacher professional development. 相似文献
| Reinders DuitEmail: |
David F. Treagust is a professor of science education at Curtin University of Technology in Perth, Western Australia where he teaches courses in campus-based and international programs related to teaching and learning science. His research interests include understanding students’ ideas about science concepts and how these ideas relate to conceptual change, the design of curricula and teachers’ classroom practices. Reinders Duit is a professor of physics education at the Leibniz Institute for Science Education (IPN) at the University of Kiel, the Central Institute for Science Education Research in Germany. A major concern of his work has been teaching and learning science from conceptual change perspectives. More recently, his work includes video-based studies on the practice of science instruction as well as teacher professional development. 相似文献
7.
Conceptual change: a discussion of theoretical, methodological and practical challenges for science education 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Conceptual change views of teaching and learning processes in science, and also in various other content domains, have played
a significant role in research on teaching and learning as well as in instructional design since the late 1970s. An important
issue is whether conceptual change can provide a powerful framework for improving instructional practice in such a way that
students’ levels of scientific literacy are significantly increased. In this article, the first section provides an overview
on the development of conceptual change perspectives. In sections two to six, we examine the different ways that researchers
have facilitated the collection of data and empirically evaluated learning as conceptual change based on these different theoretical
perspectives. In section seven, we identify key issues of conceptual change with a deliberate emphasis on their contribution
to improve instructional practice and conclude the article by posing challenges at theoretical, methodological and practical
levels. We contend that conceptual change perspectives still have the potential to significantly improve instructional practice.
However, it becomes also evident that actual practice is far from what conceptual change perspectives propose and that change
of this practice will be a rather difficult and long-lasting process.
相似文献
| Reinders DuitEmail: |
8.
Roger Azevedo Daniel C. Moos Jeffrey A. Greene Fielding I. Winters Jennifer G. Cromley 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2008,56(1):45-72
We examined how self-regulated learning (SRL) and externally-facilitated self-regulated learning (ERL) differentially affected
adolescents’ learning about the circulatory system while using hypermedia. A total of 128 middle-school and high school students
with little prior knowledge of the topic were randomly assigned to either the SRL or ERL condition. Learners in the SRL condition
regulated their own learning, while learners in the ERL condition had access to a human tutor who facilitated their self-regulated
learning. We converged product (pretest-posttest shifts in students’ mental models and declarative knowledge measures) with process (think-aloud protocols) data to examine the effectiveness of self- versus externally-facilitated regulated learning. Findings
revealed that learners in the ERL condition gained statistically significantly more declarative knowledge and that a greater
number of participants in this condition displayed a more advanced mental model on the posttest. Verbal protocol data indicated
that learners in the ERL condition regulated their learning by activating prior knowledge, engaging in several monitoring
activities, deploying several effective strategies, and engaging in adaptive help-seeking. By contrast, learners in the SRL
condition used ineffective strategies and engaged in fewer monitoring activities. Based on these findings, we present design
principles for adaptive hypermedia learning environments, engineered to foster students’ self-regulated learning about complex
and challenging science topics.
Roger Azevedo is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Memphis. His research interests include the role of self-regulated learning about challenging science topics with open-ended learning environments and using computers as metacognitive tools for enhancing learning. Daniel C. Moos is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Education at Gustavus Adolphus College. His research interests include the role of prior knowledge and motivation, and self-regulated learning with computer-based learning environments. Jeffrey A. Greene is an Assistant Professor in the School of Education at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. His research interests include the epistemic and ontologic cognition, quantitative methods, cognition and learning, and self-regulated learning with computer-based learning environments. Fielding I. Winters is a doctoral student in the Department of Human Development at the University of Maryland. Her research interests include students’ learning about science with computer-based learning environments. Jennifer G. Cromley is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychological Studies in Education at Temple University. Her research interests include the reading comprehension, adolescent literacy, applied educational statistics and measurement, and self-regulated learning. 相似文献
| Roger AzevedoEmail: |
Roger Azevedo is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Memphis. His research interests include the role of self-regulated learning about challenging science topics with open-ended learning environments and using computers as metacognitive tools for enhancing learning. Daniel C. Moos is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Education at Gustavus Adolphus College. His research interests include the role of prior knowledge and motivation, and self-regulated learning with computer-based learning environments. Jeffrey A. Greene is an Assistant Professor in the School of Education at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. His research interests include the epistemic and ontologic cognition, quantitative methods, cognition and learning, and self-regulated learning with computer-based learning environments. Fielding I. Winters is a doctoral student in the Department of Human Development at the University of Maryland. Her research interests include students’ learning about science with computer-based learning environments. Jennifer G. Cromley is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychological Studies in Education at Temple University. Her research interests include the reading comprehension, adolescent literacy, applied educational statistics and measurement, and self-regulated learning. 相似文献
9.
The ontologies of complexity and learning about complex systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper discusses a study of students learning core conceptual perspectives from recent scientific research on complexity
using a hypermedia learning environment in which different types of scaffolding were provided. Three comparison groups used
a hypermedia system with agent-based models and scaffolds for problem-based learning activities that varied in terms of the
types of text based scaffolds that were provided related to a set of complex systems concepts. Although significant declarative
knowledge gains were found for the main experimental treatment in which the students received the most scaffolding, there
were no significant differences amongst the three groups in terms of the more cognitively demanding performance on problem
solving tasks. However, it was found across all groups that the students who enriched their ontologies about how complex systems
function performed at a significantly higher level on transfer problem solving tasks in the posttest. It is proposed that
the combination of interactive representational scaffolds associated with NetLogo agent-based models in complex systems cases
and problem solving scaffolding allowed participants to abstract ontological dimensions about how systems of this type function
that, in turn, was associated with the higher performance on the problem solving transfer tasks. Theoretical and design implications
for learning about complex systems are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Technology in Support of Collaborative Learning 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper reviews the research conducted in the last 20 years on the application of technology in support of collaborative
learning in higher education. The review focuses primarily on studies that use Internet-based technologies and social interaction
analysis. The review provides six sets of observations/recommendations regarding methodology, empirical evidence, and research
gaps and issues that may help focus future research in this emerging field of study.
相似文献
| Paul RestaEmail: |
11.
Justin Dillon 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2008,3(2):397-416
This paper provides a critical commentary on a suite of eight papers, which focus on conceptual change research in science
education. Responses by Mercer, Smardon and Wells to a paper by Treagust and Duit are observed to reflect the backgrounds
of the three authors with Wells focusing on issues of ontology and the affective domain. Mercer and Smardon focus on issues
of identity and the role of dialog. Hewson’s, Vosniadou’s and Tiberghien’s responses to Roth, Lee and Hwang offer robust critique
of what appear to be exploratory ideas. To what extent the authors of the response papers enter into dialog with the papers
is discussed. How far research into learning in science has progressed since the 1980s is examined.
相似文献
| Justin DillonEmail: |
12.
Representatives from more than 20 institutions making up a research and teaching network met to discuss and investigate a
web application designed to promote knowledge sharing and understanding. The web application, called Fieldtrip, enables students,
professors and researchers to virtually share their experiences and findings from real field trips. This study investigates
how professors from the network conceived Fieldtrip and their approach to designing and teaching student learning experiences
using it. Results show that the professors had divergent understandings of the potential of the web application, and that
qualitatively better ways of conceiving Fieldtrip were related to more robust approaches to design for learning and teaching.
The implications of this study as an exploration into professor experiences of web applications are important if universities
wish to make the best use of technologies in learning for their students and professors.
相似文献
| Brendan F. D. BarrettEmail: |
13.
Catherine Milne Susan Kirch Sreyashi Jhumki Basu Mary Leou Pamela Fraser-Abder 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2008,3(2):417-434
We engage in a metalogue based on eight papers in this issue of Cultural Studies of Science Education that review the state of conceptual change research and its possible affect on the teaching and learning of science. Our
discussion addresses three aspects of conceptual change research: theoretical, methodological, and practical, as we discuss
conceptual change research in light of our experiences as science educators. Finally, we examine the implications of conceptual
change research for the teachers and students with whom we work.
相似文献
| Catherine MilneEmail: |
14.
A Reconsideration of Cognitive Load Theory 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
Cognitive load theory has been very influential in educational psychology during the last decade in providing guidelines for
instructional design. Whereas numerous empirical studies have used it as a theoretical framework, a closer analysis reveals
some fundamental conceptual problems within the theory. Various generalizations of empirical findings become questionable
because the theory allows different and contradicting possibilities to explain some empirical results. The article investigates
these theoretical problems by analyzing the conceptual distinctions between different kinds of cognitive load. It emphasizes
that reduction of cognitive load can sometimes impair learning rather than enhancing it. Cognitive load theory is reconsidered
both from the perspective of Vygotski’s concept of the zone of proximal development and from the perspective of research on
implicit learning. Task performance and learning are considered as related, but nevertheless fundamentally different processes.
Conclusions are drawn for the further development of the theory as well as for empirical research and instructional practice.
相似文献
| Wolfgang SchnotzEmail: |
15.
A research framework for creative and imitative reasoning 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johan Lithner 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2008,67(3):255-276
This conceptual research framework addresses the problem of rote learning by characterising key aspects of the dominating
imitative reasoning and the lack of creative mathematical reasoning found in empirical data. By relating reasoning to thinking
processes, student competencies, and the learning milieu it explains origins and consequences of different reasoning types.
相似文献
| Johan LithnerEmail: |
16.
Distance education plays an important role in broadening educational access and increasing higher educational opportunities.
The success, however, for any distance education initiative relies on a critical and core resource, namely having participating
faculty who provide quality instruction. This study uses survey design and diffusion of innovation theory to examine faculty
participation in relation to their technology use, their attitudes toward technology and distance education, and their adoption
of innovations at a public postsecondary 10-campus system. Ordinal regression analysis identified 20 significant variables
(16 predictors representing the four latent dimensions of the conceptual model and four demographic characteristics) that
explain faculty participation in distance education. The findings identify a number of core issues underlying faculty participation
and non-participation in distance education which pose implications for policy and practice relevant to technology use and
skills, training and development, course design and technical support, quality issues, and workload and compensation.
相似文献
| Linda K. JohnsrudEmail: |
17.
18.
Pauline W. U. Chinn 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2009,4(3):639-647
This response draws from the literature on adaptive learning, traditional ecological knowledge, and social–ecological systems
to show that Brad’s choice is not a simple decision between traditional ecological knowledge and authentic science. This perspective
recognizes knowledge systems as dynamic, cultural and historical activities characterized by diverse worldviews and ways of
constructing and legitimizing knowledge. Brad’s decision is seen as an example of adaptive learning, identity development
and personal/collective agency oriented to increasing tribal influence in resource management decisions and policies. I will
conclude that science literacy for all is not served by a transcendent, universal, Western modern view of science.
相似文献
| Pauline W. U. ChinnEmail: |
19.
In this rejoinder to Ann Kindfield and Grady Venville’s comments on our article “Reconsidering conceptual change from a socio-cultural
perspective: Analyzing students’ meaning making in genetics in collaborative learning activities,” we elaborate on some of
the critical issues they raise. Their comments make apparent some of the crucial differences between a socio-cultural and
a socio-cognitive approach towards conceptual change. We have selected some issues that are addressed, either implicitly or
explicitly, in their comments. The main issues discussed are talk and interaction as data, the significance of context in
interaction studies, the feasibility of generic claims in small-scale interaction studies, and the difference between studying
students’ understanding of science concepts as opposed to studying the construction of meaning.
相似文献
| Anniken FurbergEmail: |
20.
Fostering High School Students’ Conceptual Understandings About Seasons: The Design of a Technology-enhanced Learning Environment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The purpose of this study is to understand in what ways a technology-enhanced learning (TEL) environment supports learning
about the causes of the seasons. The environment was designed to engage students in five cognitive phases: Contextualisation,
Sense making, Exploration, Modeling, and Application. Seventy-five high school students participated in this study and multiple
sources of data were collected to investigate students’ conceptual understandings and the interactions between the design
of the environment and students’ alternative conceptions. The findings show that the number of alternative conceptions held
by students were reduced except for the incorrect concepts of “the length of sunshine” and “the distance between the sun and
the earth.” The percentage of partial explanations held by students was also reduced from 60.5 to 55.3% and the percentage
of students holding complete scientific explanations after using Lesson Seasons rose from 2.6 to 15.8%. While some students
succeeded in modeling their science concepts closely to the expert’s concepts, some failed to do so after the invention. The
unsuccessful students could not remediate their alternative conceptions without explicit guidance and scaffolding. Future
research can then be focused on understanding how to provide proper scaffoldings for removing some alternative concepts which
are highly resistant to change.
相似文献
| Fu-Kwun HwangEmail: |