首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
弗雷格、罗素、早期维特根斯坦所提出的指称理论以及后期维特根斯坦的“生活形式”,说明了分析哲学具有一种实在的、“物”的认识的基础,后现代主义则使语言与物的界限消解了。但从逻辑上看,这种基础也是后现代主义得以存在的基础和发展的动力,同时也是它所要超越的对象。  相似文献   

2.
维特根斯坦的《逻辑哲学论》中有一条贯穿始终的主线,那就是“界限”论,即什么可说、什么不可说,这也是维特根斯坦其它各种论题的基础。“可说”与“不可说”不仅是维特根斯坦阐述其哲学的主题,而且是维特根斯坦进行哲学思考的范式与界限。因此,理解维特根斯坦的“界限”论对于理解维特根斯坦的整个《逻辑哲学论》具有十分重要的意义。  相似文献   

3.
新生代作家是当前备受文坛关注的焦点。他们的作品极具个性化、感性化的创作特征。新生代作家与后现代主义在中国同步“成长”。新生代作品中蕴含着“平面化”、“边缘化”、“零散化”等后现代主义因素。后现代主义思潮对新生代作家产生了强大影响力。  相似文献   

4.
维特根斯坦提出的“语言游戏说”关注语言在日常生活中的实际应用。虽然他是想解决哲学问题,但是该学说对于大学英语教学不无启示。本文先简单介绍维特根斯坦的“语言游戏说”,然后从教学目的、教学内容和教学方法几个方面分析该学说对于大学英语教学的启示。  相似文献   

5.
西方哲学史上有一个著名的故事:在剑桥大学, 维特根斯坦是大哲学家穆尔的学生。有一天,大哲学家罗素问穆尔:“谁是你最好的学生?”穆尔毫不犹豫地回答:“维特根斯坦。”“为什么?”“因为,在我的所有学生中,只有他一个人在听我的课时,老是流露出迷茫的神色,老是有一大堆问题。”后来维特根斯坦的名气超过了罗素。有一次有人问维特根斯坦:“罗素为什么落伍了?”他回答说:“因为他没有问题了。”解读这个经典的故事,我们可以洞悉,个人的成长链接着专业问题。专业问题孵化的频率和质量是个人成长活力的重要表征。烛照这一成长理念,我们就可以对新课程旅程中众多教师的成长质量和症候进行诊断评估,从而找到提速的办法。  相似文献   

6.
维特根斯坦在其后期的哲学研究中提出了遵从规则悖论。对此悖论,克里普克等人分别从怀疑论等角度提出了各自的解读方案。后来维特根斯坦为了消除人们对悖论的误读,他用语言游戏说及其方法论来解释“遵从规则”。维特根斯坦的语言游戏说认为,只有在语言游戏的实践中,才能谈得上遵从规则,才能理解语言的意义,才能体验到生活的价值,悖论也只有放到实践中才能解决。  相似文献   

7.
哈桑对“不确定性”与“内在性”的后现代主义特征的界定,为后现代主义的认识观念奠定了基础。正是这两个特征导致了后现代主义文学艺术的又一倾向,即“反对解释”。这一特征不但有其深刻的理论基础,而且始终是后现代主义理论家与作家作品所关注的焦点。  相似文献   

8.
陶弘标 《历史教学问题》2009,(4):107-108,45
西方哲学史上有一个著名的案例:在剑桥大学。维特根斯坦是大哲学家穆尔的学生。有一天,罗素问穆尔:“谁是你最好的学生?”穆尔毫不犹豫的说:“维特根斯坦。”“为什么?”“因为在我的所有的学生中,只有他一个人在听我的课时老是露着迷茫的神色.老是有一大堆问题。”罗素也是个大哲学家.后来维特根斯坦的名气超过了他。有人问:“罗素为什么落伍了?”维特根斯坦说:“因为他没有问题了。”  相似文献   

9.
西方哲学史上有一个著名的案例:在剑桥大学。维特根斯坦是大哲学家穆尔的学生。有一天。罗素问穆尔:“谁是你最好的学生?”穆尔毫不犹豫地说:“维特根斯坦。”“为什么?”因为.在我的所有学生中,只有他一个人在听我的课时老是露着迷茫的神色,老是有一大堆问题。”罗素也是个大哲学家.后来维特根斯坦的名气超过了他。有人问:“罗素为什么落伍了?”维特根斯坦说:“因为他没有问题了。”  相似文献   

10.
在《逻辑哲学论》中,维特根斯坦将对象视为世界的基本要素,认为名称代表对象.而在其后期代表作《哲学研究》中,“对象”被“范型”所取代,这一概念体现了后期维特根斯坦“语词的意义在于使用”这一核心思想,同时有效地解决了名称的承担物在语言游戏中的作用问题.  相似文献   

11.
Ludwig Wittgenstein was a reclusive and enigmatic philosopher, writing his most significant work off campus in remote locations. He also held a chair in the Philosophy Department at Cambridge, and is one of the university’s most recognized even if, as Ray Monk says (1990, 401), ‘reluctant professors’ of philosophy. Paradoxically, although Wittgenstein often showed contempt for the atmosphere at Cambridge and for academic philosophy in particular, it is hard to conceive of him making his significant contributions without considerable support from his academic colleagues, his research fellowship and later teaching career at Cambridge. It is this conflicted relationship we explore, between the revolutionary thinker and his base within an educational institution. Starting from a brief biographical sketch of Wittgenstein’s academic life at Cambridge, including his involvement as a student and faculty member in the Moral Sciences Club, we look at how he reconceived the role of philosophy throughout this period of creative antagonism. Throughout his work, from the early Tractatus to his ‘Lecture of Ethics’, and again later in his Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein drew a boundary between empirical science and philosophy: the latter defined as an investigation of language and the limits of meaning. Seldom at home at the university, he was also at odds with his chosen field, offering a therapeutic approach that allows readers ‘to stop doing philosophy when they want to’ (PI §132). We conclude our investigation of Wittgenstein’s relationship with the university and academic philosophy with insights from Pierre Hadot on philosophical inquiry as a vital part of the bios, a form of life that is the life-blood of academia. Hadot offers insights on Wittgenstein’s self-limiting narratives as a crucial aspect of what makes universities such important and enduring institutions, in spite of the vitriolic criticism they draw from iconic members like Wittgenstein.  相似文献   

12.
路德维希·维特根斯坦(Ludwig Wittgensten,1889-1951)是分析哲学的重要代表.“语言批判”是贯穿维特根斯坦哲学发展的一条主线,他倡导通过语言分析解决和消除传统哲学问题,提出“语言图像论”和“语言游戏说”两种不同的理论.语言图像论到语言游戏说的转变,使分析哲学由对语言的逻辑分析走向了对语言的语用分析.立足于“语言图像论”和“语言游戏说”,分析维特根斯坦的哲学思想、思想的转变以及其思想在西方哲学中的影响.  相似文献   

13.
This paper proceeds from the premise that film can be educational in a broader sense than its current use in classrooms for illustrative purposes, and explores the idea that film might function as a form of education in itself. To investigate the phenomenon of film as education, it is necessary to first address a number of assumptions about film, the most important of which is its objective character under study. The objective study of film holds that the meaning of film awaits its correct interpretation according to an informed viewer. I suggest that theoretical modes of interpretation in this vein really amount to attempts to control meaning via a particular lens, rather than allowing films to present meaning in necessarily ambiguous, and thus sometimes unsettling, ways. Situating film as the object of study in this way continues a tradition of empiricism or naturalism in thought that both Maurice Merleau‐Ponty and Ludwig Wittgenstein sought to critique as psychologism. Whilst no claim is made for reconceiving of Wittgenstein as phenomenologist, a dialogue between the Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology and the Phenomenology of Perception reveals sympathies in attempts made by both to overcome a metaphysics of the perceived or experienced object, thereby broadening the educational reach of film.  相似文献   

14.
维特根斯坦后期语言哲学不仅成功促进了哲学研究的语言转向,同时也使得语言学研究进入了语用研究阶段。语用学、社会语言学、认知语言学等语言研究的核心理论都可以在维特根斯坦后期语言哲学中找到思想的源头,这些理论都与维特根斯坦后期语言哲学中的语言观,如"语言游戏理论""生活形式""家族相似性""私人语言"等有密切的关系。其实仔细研究发现,其实维特根斯坦后期语言哲学本身就是一个系统,是一个语言生态系统,可以很好地解释语言。  相似文献   

15.
The view of Wittgenstein as a ‘tragic’ philosopher of education is examined. Friesen’s claim rests on an interpretation of the way in which Wittgenstein uses the German term ‘Abrichtung’. This involves the claim that Wittgenstein saw training activities closely analogous to the breaking of an animal’s will. Close examination of various of the later texts of Wittgenstein and comparison of the original German with the English translation does not bear out this claim. Wittgenstein used ‘Abrichtung’ and related terms in his own way and for his own purposes. The picture that emerges from an overview of Wittgenstein’s use of these terms is that he sees training as a variegated rather than a single kind of activity.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

Wittgenstein constantly invokes teaching, training and learning in his later work. It is therefore interesting to consider what role these notions play for him there. I argue that their use is central to Wittgenstein’s attempt to refute cognitivist assumptions, and to show how normative practices can be understood without the threat of circularity, grounded not in a kind of seeing, but in doing, and the natural reactions of an organism. This can generate a worry that Wittgenstein’s position is quietist and anti-critical: critique, as a challenge to the taken-for-granted grammar of our language game, is technically meaningless. I argue that Wittgenstein does not rule out critique. His own practice demonstrates that critique is possible, but takes place within a language game, and its status as critique is always subject to challenge in the agora of a discourse.  相似文献   

17.
本文分析了生活形式在后期维特根斯坦哲学、美学中的重要性,这种重要性表现在生活形式不但是家族相似的背景,而且是语言游戏的落脚地,还是意义判断的标准。生活形式具有实践性、不可穷尽性和语言性的特点,而美的本质观正是在其中得以消解。维氏对美的本质观的消解直接或间接地影响到中国语言美学的形成。  相似文献   

18.
弗雷格在区别语句之思想和指称的前提下认为语句的指称就是真值,并认为简单句和复合句的指称都是由其组成部分的指称决定的,而他的证明却非常牵强。罗素对包含摹状词之语句的分析说明语句中语词的指称并不能完全决定语句的指称。在自然语言中,用真假值相同的简单句对复合句的组成部分进行替换不改变原句的真假这其实只是某些逻辑学家的一厢情愿。维特根斯坦曾经对弗雷格所讲的“真值”概念直接提出过批评。本文认为:语句的指称就是维氏所讲的事实,而事实又表现为各种各样不同的关系。语句的指称和语词的指称一样同属于对象世界,而真值只不过是人们对语句与事实是否相符的一种判定。  相似文献   

19.
维特根斯坦哲学继承了分析哲学传统,分析哲学的传统就是要在语言和逻辑中找到一个最佳的结合点,这也就是思想过程。被认识的具体存在物可以说只是一个假设存在的逻辑点,它实在而又客观,但它只是与逻辑中的真值问题有关,即与语词的意义和意谓问题有关。这一实在点与普遍性的关系是通过语词对这一点的描述而把普遍性收拢起来的。语言的先在性不断地在一种情感动力的助推下表达出来,语言成为整个世界的维系纽带或信息交换中心,而与之对应的各种物体则是非常直观地存在着,对物体的任何一点的接触都可能启动语言对普遍性的全面表达,如此这般的语言表达即是日常化。  相似文献   

20.
理解早期维特根斯坦的思想其中一条重要的线索是其主体概念,此概念是对他所提出的人生意义问题解答的关键。虽然维特根斯坦对这一概念的处理非常散漫,但是他却非常明晰地区分了主体的两层涵义,即表象主体和意志主体。作为认识主体或经验主体,维特根斯坦是从叔本华意义上来谈论表象主体的,由于表象主体无法赋予世界和人生以意义,所以他直接否定了表象主体的存在,只承认意志主体。意志主体又被维特根斯坦称之为形而上学主体,作为伦理的而非生理的存在,意志主体从整体上以或善或恶的方式赋予世界以意义,主体因而可以通过主体的升华使自身处于无欲、无求、无畏状态当中,人生的困惑和处世的无力感得以消除,使得所谓的人生伦理问题得以最终解答。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号