共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 968 毫秒
1.
双语现象与中国少数民族双语教育体制和教学模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前我国的双语类型大致可划分为五种，即：地域性少数民族兼用汉语型、地域性少数民族兼用少数民族语言型、少数民族兼用汉语型、少数民族兼用少数民族语言型、汉族兼用少数民族语言型。在少数民族双语教育体制下逐步形成了“普通双语”、“特殊双语”、“辅助双语”、“高等专业双语”等不同层次的双语教育类型，以及“民族语主导”、“汉语主导”、“民汉语兼用”等双语教学模式。 相似文献
2.
Orhan Agirdag 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2010,31(3):307-321
A growing body of empirical studies indicates the educational benefits of bilingualism. Despite this tendency, bilingual minority students are being pressured by school authorities to shed their mother tongues. We conducted qualitative interviews with Turkish‐bilingual and native‐monolingual students in Flemish (Belgium) secondary schools to investigate how students evaluate their languages, how Dutch monolingualism is imposed, and how students respond to the dominance of monolingualism. Our results indicate that the mother tongues of bilingual students are mainly perceived as a barrier to educational and occupational success, while the benefits of bilingualism are unknown. Thus, both Turkish‐bilingual and native‐monolingual students approved of speaking one language. We also found that monolingualism was strongly imposed on students by explicit encouragement, formal punishment when bilinguals speak their mother tongue, and exclusion of foreign languages from the cultural repertoire of the school. These results are discussed as they relate to policy‐makers, scholars of bilingualism and institutional racism. 相似文献
3.
Mingyuan Gu 《Frontiers of Education in China》2014,9(4):603-611
Minority language literacy is an important issue in national education policy for any multi-nationality country. China sticks to the policy of safeguarding the rights and interests of ethnic minority groups to use their own languages and writing systems. In education, considering communications among different nationalities and the development of minority ethnic groups, a bilingual education policy is being implemented by insisting on teaching students in their own ethnic languages; when the mastery of their own languages has been achieved, bilingual teaching will be employed. There are three types of bilingual teaching for minority ethnic groups: teaching in their own languages, with Mandarin Chinese added; teaching in Mandarin Chinese, with minority languages added; teaching both in Mandarin Chinese and in minority languages. The biggest problems to be solved in implementing bilingual education in ethnic minority regions are the editing of language textbooks and supporting materials for minority ethnic groups and the training of ethnic minority teachers. 相似文献
4.
滕星 《新疆教育学院学报》2011,27(1):14-16
文章对双语、双语人、双语社会、双语教育的概念及双语教育的功能进行了说明,对双语教育的发展历程及新疆双语教育的发展思路作了阐述,并指出新疆民汉双语教育的最终目标应该是培养"民汉兼通"的双语人,实施双语教育,有利于实现新疆社会的和谐发展,促进民族团结和国家统一. 相似文献
5.
冯小钉 《山西师大学报(社会科学版)》2001,15(1):119-122
双语的存在和发展同一个国家的政治和种族群体的基本信仰紧密相连,国家的政治主张和群体的政治要求都会促进或抑制双语教育的进程.从国外学者提出的建立在双语政治和双语教育基础之上的三个基本观点,以及人们对少数语种的态度可以看出,语言不仅仅是一种交际工具,而且从侧面反映了一个国家的政治制度,还构成种族和身份的象征. 相似文献
6.
A total of 104 six-year-old children belonging to 4 groups (English monolinguals, Chinese-English bilinguals, French-English bilinguals, Spanish-English bilinguals) were compared on 3 verbal tasks and 1 nonverbal executive control task to examine the generality of the bilingual effects on development. Bilingual groups differed in degree of similarity between languages, cultural background, and language of schooling. On the executive control task, all bilingual groups performed similarly and exceeded monolinguals; on the language tasks the best performance was achieved by bilingual children whose language of instruction was the same as the language of testing and whose languages had more overlap. Thus, executive control outcomes for bilingual children are general but performance on verbal tasks is specific to factors in the bilingual experience. 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACT The Colorado Reading to Ensure Academic Development Act requires grade-level attainment in literacy in English for students in grades K-3. Its practical outcome, however, has been to pressure schools with bilingual programs to shift their instructional language allocations towards more English in the early grades. Proposed rule revisions debated by the state Board of Education sought to facilitate testing in students’ language of instruction for those in bilingual programs. Analysis of written and verbal opposition to the proposed rule revisions demonstrates the persistence of insidious ethnoculturalist discourses opposing bilingual education as well as the cooptation of liberal multiculturalist discourses that, while framing bilingualism as an asset, argue that it is underdeveloped in bilingual programs that do not include English instruction from the outset. Given that bilingual instruction has demonstrated time and again that it benefits students acquiring English in schools, such new discursive turns pose a threat that must be recognized to fend off further legislative and regulatory attempts against bilingual education. 相似文献
8.
This study investigates effects of early bilingualism on phonological awareness that are abstract and beyond cross-language transfer. It extends the scope of previous research by systematically examining hypotheses derived from structural sensitivity theory. The theory postulates that having access to two languages renders structural similarities and differences between languages more salient, thus allowing bilingual children to form representations of language structure at a more abstract level. About 200 bilingual and monolingual kindergartners, first-graders, and second-graders in Taiwan participated in experiments taking into account the syllable structures, the phoneme inventories, and the phonotactics of the bilinguals' two languages. Findings from the study provide empirical support for structural sensitivity theory and indicate the need to reconceptualize the bilingual effect on metalinguistic development beyond cross-language transfer. 相似文献
9.
Higinio Domínguez 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2011,76(3):305-328
In this study, the author represented what matters to bilingual students in their everyday lives—namely bilingualism and everyday
experiences—in school-based mathematical problems. Solving problems in pairs, students demonstrated different patterns of
organizing and coordinating talk across problem contexts and across languages. Because these patterns bear consequences for
how bilinguals experience mathematics learning, the author takes these patterns as the basis to argue that mathematics education
for bilingual students should capitalize on bilingualism and experiences as cognitive resources. 相似文献
10.
新加坡双语教育模式与华人社会交际语言转移——最新实地调查数据的分析比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
系统归纳新加坡双语教育模式的历史与现状,并在各民族社会交际语言向英语转移的大背景下,分析比较华族三代人使用英语、华语（普通话）、汉语方言的最新变化,以及这些变化与双语模式之间的关系。研究表明,在新加坡60多年双语教育的历史进程中,汉语方言的使用即将绝迹、华语先升后降、英语持续快速上升的现象与＂过渡—保持双语教育模式＂的演变具有高度的一致性。 相似文献
11.
The present study investigated the development of linguistic awareness in children exposed to the early learning of a second language in Grades 3–5 of primary school, i.e. between the ages of 8 and 10. The aim was to determine whether this bilingual experience enhanced the development of phonological awareness in beginning readers in a bilingual French-regional language school programme compared with a population of monolingual children receiving traditional education. More specifically, in light of research promoting the hypothesis of a “bilingual advantage”, we set out to determine exactly how long children need to be exposed to a second language before bilingualism starts to influence the development of their phonological awareness. Tasks designed to assess phonological awareness were administered to more than a hundred children. Results suggest that children who have undergone a bilingual school programme display a more highly developed phonological awareness than their monolingual peers from age 9 onwards, i.e. in Grade 4. These results are discussed in the light of ongoing research on bilingualism, bilingual education and threshold theory. 相似文献
12.
Latino dual language children typically enter school with a wide range of proficiencies in Spanish and English, many with low proficiency in both languages, yet do make gains in one or both languages during their first school years. Dual language development is associated with how language is used at home and school, as well as the type of instructional program children receive at school. The present study investigates how changes in both Spanish and English proficiencies of Latino, second-generation immigrant children (n = 163) from kindergarten to second grade relate to instructional program type as well as language use at home and school. A series of MANCOVAs demonstrated significant dual language gains in children who were in bilingual classrooms and schools where Spanish was used among the teachers, students, and staff. Furthermore, only in classrooms where both Spanish and English were used did children reach age-appropriate levels of academic proficiency in both languages. Home language use was also significantly associated with dual language gains as was maternal Spanish vocabulary knowledge before controlling for maternal education. Educational implications and potential benefits associated with bilingualism are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Leher Singh 《Child development》2018,89(4):e397-e413
Prior research suggests that bilingualism may endow infants with greater phonological flexibility. This study investigated whether this flexibility facilitates word learning in additional languages (n = 96). Experiment 1 compared 18‐ to 20‐month‐old monolingual (English) and bilingual (English/Mandarin) infants on their ability to learn words distinguished by click consonants from a Southern African language, Ndebele. English–Mandarin bilingual infants were sensitive to Ndebele click contrasts, but monolingual English infants were not. In Experiments 2a and 2b, we investigated whether enhanced bilingual sensitivity extended to analogous nonlinguistic labels: hand claps and finger snaps. Although discriminated by infants, neither group distinguished words labeled by hand claps and finger snaps. Results suggest that bilingual infants' sustained openness to non native contrast may facilitate the uptake of words in distant languages. 相似文献
14.
Emilee Moore Natalia Evnitskaya S. Lizette Ramos-de Robles 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2018,13(2):341-352
In this paper we reflect on the article, Science education in a bilingual class: problematising a translational practice, by Zeynep Ünsal, Britt Jakobson, Bengt-Olav Molander and Per-Olaf Wickman (Cult Stud Sci Educ, doi: 10.1007/s11422-016-9747-3). In their article, the authors present the results of a classroom research project by responding to one main question: How is continuity between everyday language and the language of science construed in a bilingual science classroom where the teacher and the students do not speak the same minority language? Specifically, Ünsal et al. examine how bilingual students construe relations between everyday language and the language of science in a class taught in Swedish, in which all students also spoke Turkish, whereas the teacher also spoke Bosnian, both being minority languages in the context of Swedish schools. In this forum, we briefly discuss why close attention to bilingual dynamics emerging in classrooms such as those highlighted by Ünsal et al. matters for science education. We continue by discussing changing ontologies in relation to linguistic diversity and education more generally. Recent research in bilingual immersion classroom settings in so-called “content” subjects such as Content and Language Integrated Learning, is then introduced, as we believe this research offers some significant insights in terms of how bilingualism contributes to knowledge building in subjects such as science. Finally, we offer some reflections in relation to the classroom interactional competence needed by teachers in linguistically diverse classrooms. In this way, we aim to further the discussion initiated by Ünsal et al. and to offer possible frameworks for future research on bilingualism in science education. In their article, Ünsal et al. conclude the analysis of the classroom data by arguing in favor of a translanguaging pedagogy, an approach to teaching and learning in which students’ whole language repertoires are used as valuable resources for constructing meaning and for developing academic competences in the language of instruction. This is a conclusion that we support wholeheartedly and an educational practice that we hope to promote with this forum discussion. 相似文献
15.
This paper considers what early years practitioners need to know about bilingual acquisition. It argues that bilingualism is not only an asset in the classroom and the community, but also an individual and family achievement that requires commitment and determination. The different contexts of bilingual acquisition are considered, along with the implication for a successful outcome. In particular, given our current understanding of the processes of language acquisition, the role of the input in each of the two languages will be discussed; the implications of this for early years teachers/practitioners are also considered in order to find the most effective ways of supporting bilingual development in the classroom. 相似文献
16.
双语教师应具备的专业素养是基于我国双语教育的特点的理论探讨以及我国双语教学实践的调查提出的.我国的双语教育有其自身的特点.它是单语制国家里的、汉语/英语分属两种不同语系的、以提高学生英语应用能力为目的的、非少数民族语言/汉语的双语教育.因此,双语教师需具备具有双语教育特点的专业素养:独特的双语教育知识结构、科学的双语教学机智以及崇高的双语教育职业理想. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Language, Identity & Education》2013,12(3):211-230
Foreign language enrollments in the United States are experiencing a shift from the traditional European foreign languages toward the less commonly taught languages. Moreover, increasing numbers of students now have some degree of bilingual proficiency in the language that they are studying. As a result, much recent attention has been given to the issue of heritage language instruction by both researchers in applied linguistics and practitioners in language pedagogy. This article argues that the concepts of "heritage language" and "heritage learner" need clarification and should be placed within a larger national policy perspective. Pedagogical and sociopolitical issues surrounding the current heritage language debate are examined from a crosscultural and historical perspective. The article ends with some specific policy recommendations for the role of heritage languages and foreign languages within the current strategic context. 相似文献
18.
Language proficiency before school entry has proven to be a powerful predictor of literacy development. This longitudinal study examined how simultaneous exposure to two richly inflected languages from birth contributes to the development of language-related literacy precursors at preschool age compared to peers exposed to one language. The community language turned out to be the stronger language of the bilinguals by 4 years of age and to a great extent age-appropriate compared to monolingual peers. The same initial exposure conditions resulted in three bilingual and two monolingual language proficiency profiles. For the bilinguals changes in the proportion of exposure to two home languages and frequency of language-specific social interactions explained proficiency in each language, whereas for the monolinguals exposure did not explain language proficiency. Our findings give support for the primary impact of exposure on the development of bilingualism and preliteracy skills. 相似文献
19.
Teresa Valiente Catter 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2011,57(5-6):721-735
For the past 35 years, various models of intercultural bilingual education (IBE) have been implemented in Latin American schools and adult education. While Spanish is the official language in Nicaragua, many indigenous languages, such as Miskito and Sumo-Mayangna, are also spoken ?C especially in the Atlantic coastal region. The Nicaraguan Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport recognises the need for a flexible curriculum that reflects individual local and regional linguistic and socio-cultural characteristics, through the use of mother tongue and second language learning. The contextualisation model applied in the Atlantic coastal region of Nicaragua is therefore based on the use of a languages strategy in preparing textbooks and basic technical materials with an IBE approach, as part of the process of improving the quality of education. Thus intercultural communication is enhanced, and the need to strengthen the systematic teaching of languages, differentiating between mother tongue, second language and foreign language, is recognised. As well as explaining the contextualisation process in detail, this article discusses the conceptual differences between intercultural bilingual education (IBE) and bilingual intercultural education (BIE). The paper concludes with several recommendations for the further development of BIE in Latin America. 相似文献
20.
马燕 《南昌教育学院学报》2011,26(4):137-137,146
思维差异决定着语言差异,双语教学的重点在于体现语言教学,只有明确思维差异,才能更好地提高语言教学水平.本文通过对比汉雏语言思维特点,进一步阐明双语教学的本质. 相似文献