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1.
Clare Christensen 《Studies in Science Education》2013,49(2):205-223
In this paper I consider a role for risk understanding in school science education. Grounds for this role are described in terms of current sociological analyses of the contemporary world as a ‘risk society’ and recent public understanding of science studies where science and risk are concerns commonly linked within the wider community. These concerns connect with support amongst many science educators for the goal of science education for citizenship. From this perspective scientific literacy for decision making on contemporary socioscientific issues is central. I argue that in such decision making, risk understanding has an important role to play. I examine some of the challenges its inclusion in school science presents to science teachers, review previous writing about risk in the science education literature and consider how knowledge about risk might be addressed in school science. I also outline the varying conceptions of risk and suggest some future research directions that would support the inclusion of risk in classroom discussions of socioscientific issues. 相似文献
2.
Agustín Adúriz-Bravo 《Science & Education》2013,22(7):1593-1611
In this paper I inspect a ‘semantic’ view of scientific models taken from contemporary philosophy of science—I draw upon the so-called ‘semanticist family’, which frontally challenges the received, syntactic conception of scientific theories. I argue that a semantic view may be of use both for science education in the classrooms of all educational levels, and for research and innovation within the discipline of didactics of science. I explore and characterise a model-based account of the nature of science, and derive some implications that may be of interest for our community. 相似文献
3.
科学家共同体内部一直在争论弦理论是不是科学,理论的支持者们认为该理论是最有希望的统一理论,反对者们却强调它不能付诸实验检验。伴随着弦理论在公众领域的传播,争论蔓延至大众媒体,且从最初的科学维度扩张到哲学和社会学维度。从哲学和社会学角度争论弦理论是否是科学、弦理论是否造成了物理学不良的社会学氛围、科学家在传播科学时遵循什么样的科学精神气质,形成了对布罗克曼第三种文化的深化,实现了科学文化与人文文化的沟通。 相似文献
4.
Methodological considerations for studying science-in-the-making in educational settings 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In this paper we explore the methodological implications of sociocultural approaches for the study of scientific knowledge
and practices. Research in science studies and science education is reviewed with a focus on methodological considerations.
Informed by empirically-based studies of scientific practices from multiple disciplinary perspectives, we describe our perspective
for investigating science education which combines ethnography and discourse analysis. This theoretical position on the discursive
nature of the social construction of school science-in-the-making forms the basis for theoretical and methodological critique
and discussion. We provide a review of the history of nature of science (NOS) research to trace the methodological influence
of Science and Technology Studies in science education. Four methodological issues associated with studying science as cultural
practices are discussed: the local and contingent nature of situated definitions of science; theory dependence and coherence
of research methodologies; attention to the study of school science-in-the-making; and reflexivity. 相似文献
5.
试论教育研究的科学技术原理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
当前教育研究主要从创新性、系统性、控制性等特征进行分析。鉴于教育的信息化发展,文章与时俱进地提出了教育研究的科学技术原理,即,教育研究原理是教育哲学、教育情意、教学科学、教育技术、教育工程、教育实践各层次原理的统一,又以教育科学与技术层次及其控制信息系统子层次原理为主导。基于该教育研究原理,文章还提出并讨论了教育研究系统,期望为教育研究的研究提供一些借鉴。 相似文献
6.
Maria Develaki 《Science & Education》2008,17(8-9):873-888
In view of the complex problems of this age, the question of the socio-ethical dimension of science acquires particular importance. We approach this matter from a philosophical and sociological standpoint, looking at such focal concerns as the motivation, purposes and methods of scientific activity, the ambivalence of scientific research and the concomitant risks, and the conflict between research freedom and external socio-political intervention. We then point out the impediments to the effectiveness of cross-disciplinary or broader meetings for addressing these complex problems and managing the associated risks, given the difficulty in communication between experts in different fields and non-experts, difficulties that education is challenged to help resolve. We find that the social necessity of informed decision-making on the basis of cross-disciplinary collaboration is reflected in the newer curricula, such as that of Greece, in aims like the acquisition of cross-subject knowledge and skills, and the ability to make decisions on controversial issues involving value conflicts. The interest and the reflections of the science education community in these matters increase its—traditionally limited—contribution to the theoretical debate on education and, by extension, the value of science education in the education system. 相似文献
7.
吴绪玫 《昆明师范高等专科学校学报》2009,31(6):125-128
学术界围绕“李约瑟难题”从哲学、社会学、政治学、教育学等方面的解读,揭示了近代科学没有诞生在中国的一些原因．这些研究成果启发我们,科学教育的改革要重视科学史在科学教育中的重要性．科学史教育的内容能够十富学生哲学思想,发展其自然观、培养其科学思维与创新思想,并改变传统科学教育方式,提高科学教育水平,促使我国早日重归世界科技的前沿． 相似文献
8.
Maria Andrée 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(12):1985-2008
Young people's interest in pursuing science and science-intense educations has been expressed as a concern in relation to societal, economic and democratic development by various stakeholders (governments, industry and university). From the perspective of the scientific communities, the issues at stake do not necessarily correspond to the overall societal aims. Rather, initiatives to recruit young people to science are also ways for the scientific community to engage in the social and cultural reproduction of itself. For a community to survive and produce a future, it needs to secure regeneration of itself in succeeding generations. The aim of this study is to, from a perspective of social and cultural production/reproduction, shed light on an initiative from the scientific community to recruit young people to science education. This is a case study of one recruitment campaign called the Chemistry Advent calendar. The calendar consists of 25 webcasted films, produced and published by the science/technology faculty at a university. The analysed data consist of the films and additional published material relating to the campaign such as working reports and articles published about the campaign. The analysis focussed on what messages are communicated to potential newcomers. The messages were categorised by means of a framework of subjective values. The results are discussed both from a perspective of how the messages mirror traditions and habits of the scientific community, and in relation to research on students' educational choices. 相似文献
9.
Discussion of the need for an understanding of the philosophy of science to inform classroom practice is mostly directed at clarifying the nature of science, the history of science, the nature of scientific evidence, and the nature of scientific method for curriculum developers and teachers. The discussion assumes no input from pupils. The constructivist perspective, however, assumes that pupils do not come to lessons with blank minds. What insights and questions do students bring to lessons about issues relevant to the philosophy and history of science? Can these be used to develop understanding? Classroom discussions about the energy concept imply that students have valuable ideas and questions related to the exploration of philosophical issues. Rather than developing curricula to tell students about the philosophy and history of science, this paper argues for exploration of student’s ideas and questions when abstract concepts are being discussed in the classroom. 相似文献
10.
王鸿生 《淮阴师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,(4):445-451,559
马克思主义哲学是科学,因为哲学属于人文科学,是现代科学的一部分。科学是一种理性的、全方位的世界观、认识论和方法论,其中包含哲学,但不局限于哲学。人类除了科学之外,还有许多其他世界观。当代文明的世界观是一个丰富的、多层次的体系。从文化性质上看,马克思主义是意识形态而不是科学。科学研究者会有其信仰,但不必言用其信仰指导科学研究。在人类的文明体系中,科学和意识形态的文化性质不同,因而可说它们是人类不同的世界观。 相似文献
11.
张高荣 《新乡师范高等专科学校学报》2008,22(1)
拉卡托斯的科学研究纲领方法论是20世纪70年代科学哲学的一个重要成果。进入21世纪后,科学哲学虽然已经取得了长足的发展,但拉卡托斯当年所提出的问题却是科学哲学中十分重要的问题,而至今尚未得到圆满解决。对拉卡托斯的"科学研究纲领方法论"采取新的视角进行分析研究,有着重要的现实意义。 相似文献
12.
科学哲学中的社会学转向肇始于库恩,表现为从社会学的维度来建立科学划界标准、理论选择标准、真理观和科学发展图景等方面.库恩以此来反对传统科学哲学以逻辑和经验为基础的实证主义,并开启了科学哲学的新方向. 相似文献
13.
There is nowadays consensus in the community of didactics of science (i.e. science education understood as an academic discipline) regarding the need to include the philosophy of science in didactical research, science teacher education, curriculum design, and the practice of science education in all educational levels. Some authors have identified an ever-increasing use of the concept of ‘theoretical model’, stemming from the so-called semantic view of scientific theories. However, it can be recognised that, in didactics of science, there are over-simplified transpositions of the idea of model (and of other meta-theoretical ideas). In this sense, contemporary philosophy of science is often blurred or distorted in the science education literature. In this paper, we address the discussion around some meta-theoretical concepts that are introduced into didactics of science due to their perceived educational value. We argue for the existence of a ‘semantic family’, and we characterise four different versions of semantic views existing within the family. In particular, we seek to contribute to establishing a model-based didactics of science mainly supported in this semantic family. 相似文献
14.
科学哲学的文化转向及其对科学教育的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Cai Qiyong doctoral candidate at the School of Education Southwest Normal University Director Assistant professor of Chongqing Education College 《教育研究》2008,(6)
科学哲学的文化转向使人们对科学的本质的认识由传统向现代转变。科学知识是暂时性、主观性、建构性的,它会不断地被修正和推翻。科学哲学的文化转向推动了科学教育改革。培养学生的科学素养是科学教育目标,科学教育应更加重视知识的产生和形成过程。科学学习过程要以探究为主要形式,同时注重对学生进行科学情感、态度与价值观的培养。科学哲学的文化转向将促进科学与人文的融合。 相似文献
15.
16.
Dr Michael R. Matthews 《Research in Science Education》1990,20(1):220-229
The history and philosophy of science components of the new British National Curriculum, and the American Association for
the Advancement of Science Project 2061 curriculum guidelines are described. Some curriculum background is given to these
developments; and a contemporary international project concerned with the utilization of the history and philosophy of science
in science teaching and teacher education is also described. Finally the recent Discipline Review of the Training of Science
and Mathematics Teachers in Australia is examined and criticised for its lack of recommendations about the need for appropriate
history and philosophy of science courses to be included in science teacher education programmes.
Specializations: history and philosophy of science, philosophy of education. 相似文献
17.
The objectives of this study are:(1) evaluation of the methodology used in recent search for particles with fractional electrical charge (quarks) and its implications for understanding the scientific research methodology of Millikan; (2) evaluation of 43 general physics textbooks and 11 laboratory manuals, with respect to the oil drop experiment, based on seven history and philosophy of science criteria. Results obtained show that all the textbooks and manuals ignored the Millikan–Ehrenhaft controversy and in general lacked a history and philosophy of science perspective. In spite of the anomalous data, Millikan adhered to the guiding assumptions of his research program. Ehrenhaft's work strictly followed the logic of experimental observations. Although, Ehrenhaft's work approximated the traditional scientific method, the scientific community supported Millikan. General physics textbooks and laboratory manuals present the oil drop experiment as an example of the scientific method in which experimental data implicitly serves as an arbiter in the defense of Millikan. It is suggested that textbooks and manuals by including the Millikan–Ehrenhaft controversy and the methodology used in the search for quarks could enrich students' understanding of scientific research methodology, viz., experimental data do not always dictate the choice of a theory. 相似文献
18.
This paper discusses R.S. Peters’ concept of education, particularly his notion of cognitive perspective and its relevance to school science education. In light of the problems inherent in any attempt to define the notion of scientific literacy, it is argued that the development of cognitive perspective can be considered an important, if not the ultimate, goal of school science education. Such a goal not only provides an alternative way to view the development of scientific literacy, but it also points to a conception of scientific literacy that is neither too narrow nor too broad. In view of recent reform efforts that promote a utilitarian and instrumentalist conception of school science education, Peters’ notion of cognitive perspective can provide food for thought for all those interested in a science education that educates students in science by helping them understand the personal and the wider significance of scientific knowledge. Such a conception of school science education is in line with the view that education and learning should make students change their outlook on the world. In addition, such a conception can enrich the ongoing dialogue on scientific literacy as the primary goal of school science education. 相似文献
19.
建构主义理论与我国基础科学教育改革的若干问题 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
建构主义是人类的一种认知方式,因此它具有普适性.用建构主义的观点探讨我国基础科学教育改革中亟需解决的主要问题,如科学观问题、有效地科学学习的问题、教师与科学课程开发问题、发现式科学教学与建构式科学教学的联系与区别问题等等,能够为我们提供新的视角和思路. 相似文献
20.
Gábor Á. Zemplén 《Science & Education》2009,18(5):525-559
Contrasting two examples from 2005, a creationism-trial and a recent textbook, the article shows two different ways of employing social considerations to demarcate science from non-science. Drawing conclusions from the comparison, and citing some of the leading proponents of science studies, the paper argues for a novel perspective in teaching nature of science (NOS) issues, one that grows out of sociological and anthropological considerations of (scientific) expertise. In contrast to currently dominant epistemic approaches to teach NOS, this view makes it possible to incorporate epistemic and social norms in a unified framework that can alleviate presently problematic aspects of NOS modules, and can help students appreciate science as a privileged form of knowledge-production without becoming scientistic. A pilot module to carry out the above is presented and assessed, showing that a broad sociological starting point is closer to the lifeworld of students, and that traditional epistemic considerations need not be compromised. 相似文献