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1.
采用文献资料法、专家调查法和数理统计法等,对我国32名10～11岁女子体操运动员力量素质进行研究,筛选出对10～11岁女子体操运动员专项成绩有显著影响的力量素质指标,运用灰色关联方法确定力量素质指标的权重系数,建立10～11岁女子体操运动员力量素质发展的理想标准值,为科学调控10～11岁女子体操运动员力量训练,最优控制力量训练过程提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
为研究体操运动员肩关节肌肉力量,采用美国研制的CyBex-6000型测力仪,对我国17名女子体操运动员右肩关节进行屈伸肌群的等动向心收缩测试(60°/s、240°/s)。受试者包括国际健将级4名、国家健将级6名和国家一级7名。比较受试者的肌力水平表明,运动水平高的运动员肩关节肌肉力量较高。本研究获得了不同等级的运动员肩关节屈伸肌群的基础数据,为体操运动员的力量训练及康复医疗提供理论依据。  相似文献   

3.
The aim of the study was to determine if sex differences exist in the key elbow and wrist joint injury risk factors during different cartwheel (CW) and round-off (RO) techniques performed by young male and female artistic gymnasts. Sixteen active young gymnasts (8 males and 8 females) performed 30 successful trials of CW and RO with three different hand positions (parallel (10), T-shape (10) and reverse (10)). Synchronised kinematic and kinetic data were collected for each trial. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA (3 × 2, technique × sex) and effect-sizes (ES) were used for statistical analysis. In conclusion, female gymnasts exhibited greater normalised peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF), elbow and wrist compression forces and elbow internal adduction moments during CW and RO skills compared with male gymnasts. In both sexes, the parallel and reverse techniques increased peak VGRF, elbow and wrist compression forces and the elbow internal adduction moment. Increased elbow flexion resulted in decreased peak VGRF, elbow compression forces and elbow internal adduction moment. Injury risk factors including elbow extension and internal adduction moment with axial compression force suggest that a CW and RO in reverse and parallel techniques can be hazardous especially for young female gymnasts.  相似文献   

4.
采用现场裁判评分、调研考察等方法,对参加2005年第24届世界蹦床锦标赛的中外优秀女子运动员实施新规则后的比赛情况进行研究。结果表明:中外运动员第1套动作的构成发生了3个主要变化;我国优秀运动员第1套动作的平均难度分高于世界优秀运动员,但平均最后得分低于世界优秀运动员;不同成绩区间运动员的难度分与比赛成绩没有表现出线性关系;我国运动员所掌握的动作数量及动作类型与世界优秀运动员有一定差距;第2套动作质量已处于世界先进水平,但动作难度相对落后。进一步提高第1套动作质量和第2套动作难度是我国备战和实现2008年奥运会金牌目标的必然要求。  相似文献   

5.
This retrospective study focuses on the comparison of different predictive models based on the results of a talent identification test battery for female gymnasts. We studied to what extent these models have the potential to optimise selection procedures, and at the same time reduce talent development costs in female artistic gymnastics. The dropout rate of 243 female elite gymnasts was investigated, 5 years past talent selection, using linear (discriminant analysis) and non-linear predictive models (Kohonen feature maps and multilayer perceptron). The coaches classified 51.9% of the participants correct. Discriminant analysis improved the correct classification to 71.6% while the non-linear technique of Kohonen feature maps reached 73.7% correctness. Application of the multilayer perceptron even classified 79.8% of the gymnasts correctly. The combination of different predictive models for talent selection can avoid deselection of high-potential female gymnasts. The selection procedure based upon the different statistical analyses results in decrease of 33.3% of cost because the pool of selected athletes can be reduced to 92 instead of 138 gymnasts (as selected by the coaches). Reduction of the costs allows the limited resources to be fully invested in the high-potential athletes.  相似文献   

6.
采用文献资料法、专家调查法和数理统计法,对我国25名8～9岁女子体操运动员力量素质进行研究,筛选出对8～9岁女子体操运动员专项成绩有显著影响的力量素质指标,运用灰色关联方法确定力量素质指标的权重系数,采用累进积分和百分位数法制定8～9岁女子体操运动员力量素质评分标准和等级标准。  相似文献   

7.
Asymmetry in gymnastics underpins successful performance and may also have implications as an injury mechanism; therefore, understanding of this concept could be useful for coaches and clinicians. The aim of this study was to examine kinematic and external kinetic asymmetry of the arm segments during the contact phase of a fundamental skill, the forward handspring on floor. Using a repeated single subject design six female National elite gymnasts (age: 19?±?1.5 years, mass: 58.64?±?3.72?kg, height: 1.62?±?0.41?m), each performed 15 forward handsprings, synchronised 3D kinematic and kinetic data were collected. Asymmetry between the lead and non-lead side arms was quantified during each trial. Significant kinetic asymmetry was observed for all gymnasts (p?相似文献   

8.
Rhythmic gymnasts specialise in dynamic balance under sensory conditions of numerous somatosensory, visual, and vestibular stimulations. This study investigated whether adolescent rhythmic gymnasts are superior to peers in Sensory Organisation test (SOT) performance, which quantifies the ability to maintain standing balance in six sensory conditions, and explored whether they plateaued faster during familiarisation with the SOT. Three and six sessions of SOTs were administered to 15 female rhythmic gymnasts (15.0 ± 1.8 years) and matched peers (15.1 ± 2.1 years), respectively. The gymnasts were superior to their peers in terms of fitness measures, and their performance was better in the SOT equilibrium score when visual information was unreliable. The SOT learning effects were shown in more challenging sensory conditions between Sessions 1 and 2 and were equivalent in both groups; however, over time, the gymnasts gained marginally significant better visual ability and relied less on visual sense when unreliable. In conclusion, adolescent rhythmic gymnasts have generally the same sensory organisation ability and learning rates as their peers. However, when visual information is unreliable, they have superior sensory organisation ability and learn faster to rely less on visual sense.  相似文献   

9.
对我国优秀艺术体操运动员心理技能特征的研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
本文对七运会艺术体操团体冠军贵州省（成都体院）艺术体操代表队的运动员心理技能特征进行了测试研究，为教练员科学地掌握本专项运动员的心理特点，建立优秀艺体运动员的选材模式、运动训练的控制及运动竞赛的成功，提供了研究方法和参考依据。  相似文献   

10.
Biophysical loading of the elbow and wrist is a potential reason for chronic lesions in gymnastics and present a real concern for coaches, scientist and clinicians. Previous research has identified injury risk factors during round-off (RO) skills in elite female gymnasts. The aim of this study was to investigate key elbow and wrist joint injury risk factors during different techniques of fundamental cartwheel (CW) and RO skills performed by young female artistic gymnasts. Seventeen active young female gymnasts performed 30 successful trials of both CW and RO from a hurdle step with three different hand positions (parallel (10), T-shape (10) and reverse (10)). Synchronised kinematic (240?Hz) and kinetic (1200?Hz) data were collected for each trial. One-way repeated measures ANOVA and effect size (ES) were used for statistical analysis. The results showed statistically significant differences (P?0.8) among hand positions for peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), peak elbow compression force, peak wrist compression force, elbow internal adduction moment and wrist dorsiflexion angle. In conclusion, the parallel and reverse techniques increase peak VGRF, elbow and wrist compression forces, and elbow internal adduction moment. These differences indicate that the parallel and reverse techniques may increase the potential of elbow and wrist injuries in young gymnasts compared with the T-shape technique; this is of particular importance with the high frequency of the performance of these fundamental skills.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

Female gymnasts have been evidenced to experience sport-specific growth, of which broad shoulders and narrow hips are common characteristics. In addition to being a central component of handstand performance, postural control mechanisms, including whole-body and lumbo-pelvic stability, have been identified as risk factors for overuse spinal pathology. The study aimed to develop a fundamental understanding of musculoskeletal growth and postural control responses of female artistic gymnasts in order to extend longitudinal insights into overuse spinal pathology risk. Whole-body anthropometric measures were collected for 12 competitive female gymnasts (age at recruitment: nine to 15 years) at three time points across a 12 month period. Musculoskeletal growth was partially defined as the rate of bicristal-to-biacromial breadth ratio development, and informed shoulder- and pelvis-dominant growth sub-groups. Kinematic and kinetic indicators of postural control were determined for a total of 700 handstand trials. The shoulder-dominant (gymnastics-specific) growth group was found to have significantly greater biomechanical risk for general stability (p < 0.001) than the pelvis-dominant group. Significantly greater lumbo-pelvic risk was demonstrated for the pelvis-dominant group (p < 0.001). Extended idiosyncratic examination of proportional sport-specific growth measures alongside multi-faceted risk monitoring was advocated for the effective development of future overuse pathology prevention protocols.  相似文献   

12.
Previous study has showed superior sensory organisation ability in rhythmic gymnasts, but mostly in longitudinal data. With a cross-sectional design, this study used a dual-task paradigm to examine the above phenomenon. Fifteen female rhythmic gymnasts (15.0 ± 1.8 yr.) and matched peers (15.1 ± 2.1 yr.) were recruited. The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) was administered with a concurrent lower-demand (serial subtraction of three, serving as the baseline) or higher-demand (serial subtraction of seven, serving as the dual-task) arithmetic task. The results showed no main effect of group, but a group by level of arithmetic task (P = 0.001) interaction effect on SOT equilibrium score. The higher-demand task facilitated balance performance in the gymnasts, but it impeded performance in the controls, with the differences more pronounced in challenging SOT conditions. With the higher-demand task, the gymnasts adopted a sensory strategy with a higher visual ratio but a smaller somatosensory ratio compared to the controls. Better visual utilisation of sensory organisation ability was apparent in gymnasts, but only when the SOT test was performed with a higher-demand secondary task. We have demonstrated the efficacy of using the dual-task paradigm to identify the superior sensory organisation ability of adolescent rhythmic gymnasts.  相似文献   

13.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether any differences exist in the cognitive and behavioural strategies of gymnasts competing at different elite levels. Thirty-eight male gymnasts competing at different competitive levels in an Australian gymnastic championship completed a standardized questionnaire prior to the first day of the competition. The questionnaire focused on a number of psychological factors that may affect both training and competition. Using both t-tests and simple discriminant function analysis, it was revealed that gymnasts competing at different elite levels could be distinguished on the basis of two psychological factors, psychological recovery and self-confidence, as well as the behavioural measure, training hours. Specifically, gymnasts competing at higher elite levels versus those at lower elite levels, were better able to recover from their competitive mistakes, were more confident and trained longer per week.  相似文献   

14.
Gymnastics talent identification focuses on the identification of young gymnasts who display characteristics for potential success in the future. The aim of this study was to identify which current performance characteristics are related to performance in competition 2 years later. Twenty-three female gymnasts aged 7-8 years completed a multidimensional test battery measuring anthropometric, physical, and coordinative characteristics and were technically evaluated by expert coaches. Two years later, the all-around competition results of those gymnasts now participating in elite (n = 12) and sub-elite (n = 11) competition were obtained. None of the initial measurements significantly correlated with the results of the sub-elite gymnasts 2 years later. For the elite gymnasts, a non-sport-specific motor test battery correlated strongly with the competition result, with more than 40% of the variation in competition performance being explained by the result on that test 2 years earlier. Neither the coaches' judgement nor the anthropometric and physical characteristics were sensitive enough to predict performance. A motor coordination test might be valuable in the early identification of gymnasts, as its discriminative and predictive qualities might be sufficiently powerful for selection within a relatively homogeneous population of gymnasts exhibiting similar anthropometric and physical profiles.  相似文献   

15.
王晨  侯彬  徐倩  王玺  王贝 《体育科研》2022,(6):89-95
目的：通过调查分析上海部分运动项目运动员不同季节维生素D的营养状况,为制定合理的预防及改善措施、科学设计运动训练计划、促进运动员身体健康并提高运动成绩提供客观依据。方法：女子足球、女子排球、女子体操共45名上海职业运动员,分别在冬季、春季、夏季、秋季的季中月末4次空腹抽取静脉血进行血清25-(OH)D水平的测试,分析这些项目运动员不同季节体内25-(OH)D水平及维生素D营养状况。结果：(1)上海女子足球、女子排球、女子体操运动员维生素D水平缺乏及不足的情况均较为严重,且不同季节间存在显著性差异,25-(OH)D整体水平秋季和春季相对较高,冬季和夏季相对较低,其中秋季维生素D正常率最高,缺乏率最低;冬季维生素D正常率最低,缺乏率最高;(2)室内项目上海女排运动员及体操运动员冬季维生素D缺乏率最高,且无人达到正常水平;体操运动员4个季节的维生素D缺乏率均明显高于女排和女足运动员,且四季均无人达到正常水平;(3)室外项目上海女足运动员秋季25-(OH)D水平最高,维生素D正常率也最高,且无人缺乏;夏季维生素D缺乏率最高,并显著低于室内项目上海女排运动员的体内水平。结论：上海部分项目运动员维生素D营养状况缺乏及不足的问题广泛存在,在夏季不同运动项目,尤其是室外项目女足运动员,及体操运动员四季维生素D不足及缺乏问题不容忽视,定期检测运动员25-(OH)D水平来评估体内维生素D营养状况十分重要。建议：(1)需加强运动员和教练员的宣传教育工作,保证运动员不同季节充足、合理的日晒时间;(2)冬季是需要补充维生素D的主要季节,体操运动员尤其要注意维生素D强化食品或适量的维生素D制剂的补充。  相似文献   

16.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether any differences exist in the cognitive and behavioural strategies of gymnasts competing at different elite levels. Thirty‐eight male gymnasts competing at different competitive levels in an Australian gymnastic championship completed a standardized questionnaire prior to the first day of the competition. The questionnaire focused on a number of psychological factors that may affect both training and competition. Using both t‐tests and simple discriminant function analysis, it was revealed that gymnasts competing at different elite levels could be distinguished on the basis of two psychological factors, psychological recovery and self‐confidence, as well as the behavioural measure, training hours. Specifically, gymnasts competing at higher elite levels versus those at lower elite levels, were better able to recover from their competitive mistakes, were more confident and trained longer per week.  相似文献   

17.
以2008北京奥运会女子竞技体操比赛全能成绩前36名运动员为研究对象,探讨优秀女子竞技体操运动员身体质量指数同运动成绩之间的关系。运用多元层次回归分析年龄,BMI以及BMI2与运动成绩之间的关系。结果显示:平均年龄17.2(SD=2.01);平均身体质量指数为17.1(SD=1.41)。优秀女子竞技体操运动员BMI与运动成绩呈曲线相关关系,优秀女子竞技体操运动员BMI较低,一般较低的BMI倾向于取得更好的运动成绩,但是过高或者过低的BMI都会对成绩产生负面影响。  相似文献   

18.
Future drop-outs (n = 27) and continuing (n = 41) female competitive gymnasts were compared with respect to their physical, performance and injury characteristics measured through a large battery of tests completed while they were participants in competition. Included were anthropometric variables, body composition and somatotype, strength, flexibility, endurance, power, speed and balance measurements, and previous injury information. Differences were examined through t-tests and through discriminant analyses of principal components. The results indicate that the drop-outs were as a group distinguishable from the continuing gymnasts: they were significantly older, taller and heavier which may account for the finding that they were significantly stronger, more powerful and faster, and had greater endurance. They also had a slightly more linear/ectomorphic physique with less muscularity, and performed better on most flexibility tests. Only in a gymnastic-specific flexibility variable did the continuing gymnasts out-perform the drop-outs. It was concluded that it was mainly the age factor, and presumably the social and psychological factors associated with it, that distinguished the future drop-outs from the continuing gymnasts, and that factors related to the physical make-up and performance capacities of gymnasts cannot readily predict withdrawal from the sport.  相似文献   

19.
Handspring vaults performed by 10 advanced-level female gymnasts were analyzed using a three-segment model. Kinematic variables and energy changes were measured for the preflight, contact, and after-flight phases. Each vault was scored with regard to kinematic factors only, and a correlation matrix between all of the measured variables was calculated. It was found that even though the preflight variables of the gymnasts as they left the takeoff board were very similar, their vertical velocities at initial horse contact varied considerably, with the poorest vaults showing downward velocities. This appeared to be a principal factor determining the outcome of the vault. All gymnasts lost horizontal speed, angular momentum, and mechanical energy during the contact phase.  相似文献   

20.
采用录像观察、问卷调查、案例分析等研究方法,分析新规则下女子自由体操发展趋势,揭示女子自由体操动作的演进规律,并以此为导向和依据,结合对程菲少年训练的案例分析和我国少年女子体操运动员的整体水平分析,确立了新规则下我国10～11岁少年女体操运动员自由体操主要基本难度动作系列。  相似文献   

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