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蔡韦龄 《赤峰学院学报(自然科学版)》2015,(2):189-191
污名已被描述为精神障碍患者的最大问题之一,它的消极影响包括职场等生活的各个方面.国外开展职场精神障碍污名干预活动已有一定的历史与规模,为了满足国内职场精神障碍污名干预发展的需要,本文使用文献搜集法,描述了从国际层次到区域层次的四种不同类型的职场精神障碍污名干预活动,并提出了针对我国职场的策略性建议和污名干预项目的注意事项. 相似文献
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刘芳 《昆明师范高等专科学校学报》2014,(2):124-127
在以户籍制度为主导的资源分配和地方治理逻辑下,通过知识精英、大众传媒的符号生产及城市居民的社会标签运作,农民工子女负面刻板印象被固化,导致其地位受损,出现内化污名倾向。面对污名,农民工子女的应对策略包括:建立新的社会分类标准,区别和离弃所属群体,认同并模仿强势群体,以及辨认和展示自我优势。农民工子女身份污名的消除需要从个体、群体以及社会与制度多层面综合介入。 相似文献
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为把握残疾污名的国际研究热点,利用Citespace软件对2001—2021年间Web of Science数据库中的447篇文献进行可视化分析。分析结果显示,教育学、心理学和社会学是污名研究的主要学科领域;四大研究热点包括不同障碍类别的污名研究、由自我延伸至他人的污名影响研究、公众污名研究和全程特征的污名研究;研究发展趋势经历了从关注污名的外部歧视标签到内部形成机制再到污名干预的变化。该分析结果为破解残疾污名困境,创设“平等、参与、共享”的社会环境提供了启示。 相似文献
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越来越多的研究者认为,污名是影响弱势群体生活质量的重要因素,对残障人士也不例外。文章收集了国外有关残疾污名方面的大量研究文献,从污名的概念、形成、对残障人士的影响以及消除污名的方式等几个方面进行了综述,并探讨了当前污名研究对国内特殊教育的启示意义。 相似文献
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中国足球在互联网上遭遇污名是十分普遍但却未被深入研究的问题,本文从社会学的污名理论切入,选取三个网络事件进行分析,通过对事件中典型网贴的文本分析和抽样统计,发现恶搞、戏谑、人身攻击乃至集群性的网络暴力已经成为互联网污名化中国足球的常态特征,而网络表达的群体极化又让污名现象进一步加剧,并最终左右互联网足球评价的舆论场。污名出现的原因固然与足球成绩低迷与足球业自身存在问题有关,但中国足球无法承载超越体育的公共期望所致的大众心理受挫、网络表达的狂欢效应以及民众对中国社会转型期诸多矛盾心理不适的选择性发泄,则是导致污名的更加深层的结构性背景。 相似文献
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污名是社会对某些个体或群体贬低性、侮辱性的标签,给被污名者的生活带来诸多不便,并对其心理健康产生负面影响。由于人们拥有许多不同的社会身份,并且污名现象只发生在特定的情境当中,因此,人们就可以在特定情境中,切换自己的认同,认同自己有价值的、受人尊重的社会身份,提高该身份在当前情境中的显著性,以此来消除污名身份的消极影响,找回因污名丧失的自我价值。 相似文献
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目的：选原始项目构成问卷,誊的信度、效度。结果卷昀信度,效度良好。编制大学生艾滋污名问卷。方法：结合国外相关问卷、个人访谈及开放式问卷调查结果,筛对860名大学生进行施测,通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析确定问卷结构,并检验问编制的大学生艾滋污名问卷包括社会距离、道德判断与责备、强制性处理意见三个维度,问结论：大学生艾滋污名问卷适用于测查大学生公众艾滋污名。 相似文献
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《阜阳师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2019,(1)
基层干部污名问题,事关党和政府形象,亟需重视。学界只见基层干部污名与其行为素质密切相关,却忽视了社会偏见等因素影响。研究发现,在互联网时代,人们越来越多地依赖媒介信息而非直接经验建构个人的意义世界,即使从未与基层干部有过冲突的民众,也可能依据先入为主的个人偏见给予基层干部污名评价。人们对基层干部的偏见越深,就越可能给予他们污名评价。因此,要提升干部形象,必须在重视干部自律与他律的基础上,引导媒介传播,增强官民良性互动,减少社会偏见。 相似文献
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Lindsay Bell Susanne Long Cynthia Garvan Regina Bussing 《Psychology in the schools》2011,48(2):184-197
Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. It is associated with high levels of stigma, which may lead to treatment barriers, self‐fulfilling prophecies, and social rejection. This study established the reliability of the ADHD Stigma Questionnaire (ASQ) when applied to teachers by evaluating its internal consistency and confirmed the previously reported factor structure. In addition, the study examined the extent to which holding a special education certification and having years of teaching experience impact teachers' perceptions of ADHD stigma. Results indicated that teachers holding special education certification endorsed higher ratings, which indicated high stigma perceptions, on the Overall Stigma score, as well as the three subscales, Disclosure Concerns, Negative Self‐Image, and Concern with Public Attitudes; however, years of teaching experience was not related to stigma scores. Implications for teacher training practices are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Jennifer Marie Martin 《高等教育研究与发展》2010,29(3):259-274
Stigma is a powerful force in preventing university students with mental health difficulties from gaining access to appropriate support. This paper reports on an exploratory study of university students with mental health difficulties that found most students did not disclose their mental health problems to staff at university. This was primarily due to fear of discrimination during their studies and in professional employment. Many students went to considerable efforts to hide their mental health condition and in doing so struggled to meet university requirements. Of the minority who did disclose, most received helpful assistance with both their studies and management of their mental health condition. The university was the main source of support services including counselling, disability, student union and housing. A range of measures are required to address the impact of stigma and mental health to empower students so that they can disclose in the confidence that they will be treated fairly. 相似文献
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Sarah G. Ross Brianna Bruggeman Melanie Maldonado Megan Deiling 《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2020,34(3):183-197
ABSTRACT Although college student mental health concerns are on the rise, many struggling students do not seek psychological treatment when needed. Stigma toward psychological treatment has been demonstrated to influence intent to seek treatment in college student populations. This study aimed to identify factors that predict treatment stigma in college students by examining other forms of student-held stigma, parent-held stigma, and mental health literacy. Results indicated that student-held personal, perceived, and self-stigma all predicted student attitudes toward treatment, while parent-held personal stigma was found to predict self-stigma in students. Those individuals who had received previous education about psychological disorders had lower levels of personal stigma, and, surprisingly, higher levels of self-stigma. Implications for campus outreach programming are discussed. 相似文献
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《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2013,27(1):74-81
Stigma is one reason that some people avoid seeking mental health treatment. This study tested whether a biologically based anti-stigma message affected various stigma-related outcomes in college students. One hundred eighty-two undergraduate participants were randomly assigned to see a billboard presenting the message, “Depression is a brain disease,” or a control message. Dependent variables included positive and negative affect, message appeal, stigma, and willingness to seek treatment. The biologically based anti-stigma message increased participants’ affect, was rated as relatively unappealing, and failed to reduce stigma or increase willingness to seek treatment. These preliminary findings raise concern about continued use of similar messages in college populations. 相似文献
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Whether individuals who have a diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID) perceive and experience stigma has been a matter of some debate. In this paper, we consider the role of the level of ID and gender on perception of stigma in individuals with ID who attend a segregated special secondary school and whether reports of stigma impact self-perception and social comparison with others. Each participant (N?=?54) completed self-report measures in a cross-sectional survey design. The degree of ID and gender were found to influence experience of stigma and respondents’ social comparison with others. Category of ID (borderline, mild, moderate) was also associated with differences in self-perception of physical appearance and perception of global self-worth. Social comparisons were also negatively related to experience of stigma. Discussion focuses on the heterogeneity of those affected by ID and how this impacts on their experience of stigma. 相似文献
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Faye Francesca Bellanca Helen Pote 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2013,13(4):234-241
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and general learning disabilities (LD) are common difficulties for British primary school children. It has been found that characteristics associated with these difficulties can result in negative attitudes and stigma from other children, causing problems with peer relationships. Furthermore, problematic peer relations can intensify the difficulties associated with these disorders. Packages such as ‘Tackling Stigma: A Practical Toolkit’ aim to combat stigma in schools. However, these packages have not been based on evidence regarding children's attitudes towards different disorders. This study aims to explore children's attitudes towards ADHD, depression and LD from a conative (measure of social distance) and cognitive (measure of positive or negative attributes ascribed to a person) perspective. Participants were 273 children (M= 9.2 years). Vignettes were used to describe a child with ADHD, depression, or LD or a ‘normal’ child. The Shared Activities Questionnaire was utilised to assess conative attitudes, and the Adjective Checklist was utilised to assess cognitive attitudes. Results showed that children generally displayed more negative attitudes to vignettes describing mental health difficulties (MHD) (ADHD and depression) than LD. Children had more negative attitudes towards the ADHD (externalising disorder) vignette than the depression vignette (internalising disorder). Younger children had more positive conative attitudes than older children. Those who had previous contact with children with ADHD, depression and LD had more positive attitudes. These findings can enhance current stigma reduction interventions through contributing a deeper understanding of children's attitudes towards the most common MHD and LD in childhood. 相似文献
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Chijioke Dike Uba Kechinyerem Amaka Nwoga 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2016,20(9):975-994
Although the need for a better understanding and deconstruction of the barriers that underpin and impede the realisation of inclusive education in many developing countries is acknowledged, few studies focus specifically on exploring how stigma affects the choices that parents in developing countries make on behalf of their children. This paper contributes to the understanding of the stigma experience of mothers of children with special educational needs (SEN) in a Nigerian context. The aim of the study was to explore how parents’ interpretation of stigma directed towards their children with SEN affects the educational decision they make on behalf of these children. The study consisted of eight interviews with mothers of children with SEN in Lagos, Nigeria. Specifically, stigmatisation of children with SEN was found to be underpinned by a ‘non-materialistic’ culture and worldviews that construct disability as ‘non-normal’. Findings also uncover a range of coping mechanisms adopted by mothers to deal with courtesy stigma and stigma stress. Theoretical and practical contributions to the literature on stigma and inclusive education are subsequently discussed. Theoretically, we introduce and discuss the import of ‘stigma transference’ (the different modes that stigma can be transferred from one individual to the other) and practically, we discuss implications of findings for anti-stigma intervention. 相似文献
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夏孝才 《河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003,26(2):95-98
身势语研究历史悠久，作为重要的交际手段，身势语具有五种基本功能，即：说明功能、辅助功能调节功能、标志功能及替代功能。身势语在儿童母语习得过程中也起着重要作用。 相似文献
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滕延江 《山东教育学院学报》2004,19(6):107-110
语码转换是语言接触中的普遍现象 ,长期以来倍受研究者的关注 ,但却较少受到语用学的关注。本文简要回顾了这方面的研究成果后 ,提出采用语用学的动态研究方法 ,可以对语码转换做出更全面、更详细的理论解释 ,能更好的说明语码转换的语用机制及其在交际中的语用功能。 相似文献