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1.
The first of 3 objectives in this study was to address the major problem with Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) and 2 common misconceptions related to NHST that cause confusion for students and researchers. The misconceptions are (a) a smaller p indicates a stronger relationship and (b) statistical significance indicates practical importance. The second objective was to determine how this problem and the misconceptions were treated in 12 recent textbooks used in education research methods and statistics classes. The third objective was to examine how the textbooks' presentations relate to current best practices and how much help they provide for students. The results show that almost all of the textbooks fail to acknowledge that there is controversy surrounding NHST. Most of the textbooks dealt, at least minimally, with the alleged misconceptions of interest, but they provided relatively little help for students.  相似文献   

2.
Congruences for finite triple harmonic sums   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Zhao (2003a) first established a congruence for any odd prime p>3, S(1,1,1;p)≡-2Bp-3 (mod p), which holds when p=3 evidently. In this paper, we consider finite triple harmonic sum S(α,β,γ;p) (mod p) is considered for all positive integers α,β,γ. We refer to w=α β γ as the weight of the sum, and show that if w is even, S(α,β,γ;p)≡0 (mod p) for p≥w 3; if w is odd, S(α,β,γ;p)≡rBp≥w (mod p) for p≥w, here r is an explicit rational number independent of p. A congruence of Catalan number is obtained as a special case.  相似文献   

3.
Statistics anxiety, which is experienced by as many as 80% of graduate students, has been found to debilitate performance in statistics and research methodology courses. As such, it is likely that statistics anxiety is, in part, responsible for many students delaying enrollment in these courses for as long as possible. Moreover, it is possible that, once enrolled in these courses, students with high levels of statistics anxiety tend to procrastinate on assignments. Thus, the purpose of this study was: (a) to examine the prevalence of procrastination among graduate students, and (b) to investigate the relationship between academic procrastination and six dimensions of statistics anxiety. Participants were 135 graduate students enrolled in three sections of a required introductory-level educational research course at a university in the southeastern part of the USA. Findings revealed that a high percentage of students reported problems with procrastination on writing term papers, studying for examinations, and completing weekly reading assignments. A canonical correlation analysis (R c1 =.51) revealed that academic procrastination resulting from both fear of failure and task aversiveness was related significantly to worth of statistics, interpretation anxiety, test and class anxiety, computational self-concept, fear of asking for help, and fear of the statistics instructor. Implications for statistics anxiety reduction as a procrastination intervention are discussed.  相似文献   

4.
p values are commonly reported in quantitative research, but are often misunderstood and misinterpreted by research consumers. Our aim in this article is to provide special educators with guidance for appropriately interpreting p values, with the broader goal of improving research consumers’ understanding and interpretation of research findings. Specifically, we discuss null hypothesis significance testing, describe what p values mean and how they are reported, describe some common misconceptions of p values, and provide two examples from the research literature to illustrate how p values are used in the field. Our take‐home message is that p values indicate how likely study results are to occur if the null hypothesis is true, and that p values should be cautiously interpreted.  相似文献   

5.
In this paper, a semi on-line version on m identical machines M1 , M2, …, Mm ( m ≥ 3 ) was considered, where the processing time of the largest job is known in advance. Our goal is to maximize the minimum machine load, an NPLS algorithm was presented and its worst-case ratio was proved to be equal to m - 1 which is the best possible value. It is concluded that if the total processing time of jobs is also known to be greater than (2 m - 1 )Pmax where pmax is the largest job‘s processing time, then the worstcase ratio is 2 - 1/m.  相似文献   

6.
The properties of a two-dimensional vortex system with random columnar defects were studied by cooling the vortex system to zero temperature. The vortex lattice became more and more disordered with increasing pinning strengthf p. At smallf p, a triangular vortex, lattice away from the pins was observed. The peak of structure factorS(G0) of the vortex lattice decreased with pinning strengthf p, which accorded with the finding that the probability of vortex to be pinned increased withf p. Some of our results agreed with experimental findings. Project supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (NKBRSF-G19990646) and Zhejiang Province Scientific Foundation (199031).  相似文献   

7.
In this paper, it is proved that the radial pth mean body RpK（p 〉 0） is homothetic to the difference body DK when K is a simplex, Furthermore, the equality Rp（Rq） = Rq（Rp） is established when p 〉 0 and q 〉 0. It is also proved the Brunn-Minkowski inequality of radial pth mean body of simplex and uniqueness property.  相似文献   

8.
The superconductor sample had periodic distribution of pinned region (with length ofL p) and unpinned region (with length ofL−L p) along the driving force direction. Numerical study on the influence of the distribution of pinning centers on pinning of the two-dimensional vortex system showed that the critical depinning forceF c, beyond which the vortex system begins to depin, increases with increase ofL p, indicating that the homogeneity of pinning centers helps to enhance the critical electric current of a superconductor. We found that the critical depinning forceF c depends logarithmically onL/L p. Project supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (NKBRSF-G19990646) and Zhejiang Proviace Foundation (199031).  相似文献   

9.
LetH n be the set of real algebraic polynomials of degreen, whose zeros all lie in the interval [−1,1]. The well known Turán type inequalities tell us that forf(x)∈H n , it holds ‖f′‖≥C√n‖f‖. This note deals with the weighted Turán type inequalities with the weights having inner singularities underL p norm for 0<p≤∞. Our results essentially extend the result of Wang and Zhou (2002), and the method used in this paper is simpler and more direct than that of Wang and Zhou (2002). The results and methods have their own values in approximation theory and computation.  相似文献   

10.
This paper focuses on the recommendations of Top of the class, the February 2007 report of an inquiry into teacher education conducted by the Australian House of Representatives Standing Committee on Education and Vocational Training. To do this action policy analysis, it presents Raymond Williams' dictum of “making hope practical” through five interdependent strategies. Then it scrutinises and uses them by exploring the relationship between this report's recommendations and, the deepening and extension of the basis for sound educational research. Critical self‐reflection focuses on rigorously re‐examining what is taken as good educational research. Framing entails identifying the good sense in policies, challenging teacher education stakeholders to collectively advance life‐enhancing agendas. Engaging in research with the real world of winners and losers in education is a third strategy. Assessing the desirability and dangers in current teacher education policies and programs is integral to making decisions about the field's future. Communicating the spirit of teacher education publicly is necessary for constructing the grounds for forward movements. It is argued that these strategies may provide support for new directions in researching productive innovations and policy actions in beginning teacher education.  相似文献   

11.
Hierarchical Bayesian method for estimating the failure probabilityp i under DOOF by taking the quasi-Beta distributionB(p i−1, 1, 1,b) as the prior distribution is proposed in this paper. The weighted Least Squares Estimate method was used to obtain the formula for computing reliability distribution parameters and estimating the reliability characteristic values under DOOF. Taking one type of aerospace electrical connector as an example, the correctness of the above method through statistical analysis of electrical connector accelerated life test data was verified. Project (No. 59975081) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China  相似文献   

12.
Parallel machine scheduling problems, which are important discrete optimization problems, may occur in many applications. For example, load balancing in network communication channel assignment, parallel processing in large-size computing, task arrangement in flexible manufacturing systems, etc., are multiprocessor scheduling problem. In the traditional parallel machine scheduling problems, it is assumed that the problems are considered in offline or online environment. But in practice, problems are often not really offline or online but somehow in-between. This means that, with respect to the online problem, some further information about the tasks is available, which allows the improvement of the performance of the best possible algorithms. Problems of this class are called semi-online ones. In this paper, the semi-online problemP2|decr|l p (p>1) is considered where jobs come in non-increasing order of their processing times and the objective is to minimize the sum of thel p norm of every machine's load. It is shown thatLS algorithm is optimal for anyl p norm, which extends the results known in the literature. Furthermore, randomized lower bounds for the problemsP2|online|l p andP2|decr|l p are presented. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 10271110, 10301028) and the Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of MOE, China  相似文献   

13.
Drawing on self‐determination theory, a person‐centered methodology was adopted to identify distinct pupil profiles based on their psychological need satisfaction. A sample of 586 pupils (387 male, 199 female; mean age = 12.6, range 11–15 years old) from three secondary schools reported their psychological need satisfaction, and well‐ and ill‐being, with teachers rating pupil achievement. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed five distinct profiles. Four profiles indicated synergy existed between the three needs, showing similar in‐group levels of satisfaction across the needs but in varying amounts. Univariate and multivariate analyses, controlling for school and taught subject, revealed the satisfied group displayed the highest classroom performance (F4,540 = 7.03; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.05), well‐being (F8,1,136 = 45.63; p < 0.001; Wilk's Λ = 0.57; ηp2 = 0.24) and lowest ill‐being (F8,1,134 = 23.39; p < 0.001; Wilk's Λ = 0.74, ηp2 = 0.14), whereas the dissatisfied group displayed the most adverse outcomes. The findings illustrate that the three psychological needs may operate interdependently and should be considered in combination rather than in isolation. The research offers practical insights into why pupils may function differently in classrooms and could inform targeted initiatives towards pupils with psychological need satisfaction deficits.  相似文献   

14.
SO2, NO2, and PM10 are the major outdoor air pollutants in China, and most of the cities in China have regulatory monitoring sites for these three air pollutants. In this study, we developed a land use regression （LUR） model using regulatory monitoring data to predict the spatial distribution of air pollutant concentrations in Jinan, China. Traffic, land use and census data, and meteorological and physical conditions were included as candidate independent variables, and were tabulated for buffers of varying radii. SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentrations were most highly correlated with the area of industrial land within a buffer of 0.5 km （R2=0.34）, the distance from an expressway （R2=0.45）, and the area of residential land within a buffer of 1.5 km （R2=0.25）, respectively. Three multiple linear regression （MLR） equations were established based on the most significant variables （p〈0.05） for SO2, NO2, and PM10, and R2 values obtained were 0.617, 0.640, and 0.600, respectively. An LUR model can be applied to an area with complex terrain. The buffer radii of independent variables for SO2, NO2, and PM10 were chosen to be 0.5, 2, and 1.5 kin, respectively based on univariate models. Intercepts of MLR equations can reflect the background concentrations in a certain area, but in this study the intercept values seemed to be higher than background concentrations. Most of the cities in China have a network of regulatory monitoring sites. However, the number of sites has been limited by the level of financial support available. The results of this study could be helpful in promoting the application of LUR models for monitoring pollutants in Chinese cities.  相似文献   

15.
The present study was a follow‐up to Tsai and Wen’s (2005) earlier research, in which 802 articles published in the International Journal of Science Education, Science Education, and the Journal of Research in Science Teaching from 1998 to 2002 were analysed in terms of author’s nationality, research type, and research topic. In the present study a total of 869 papers published in the three journals from 2003 to 2007 were analysed, and the results were compared with those of Tsai and Wen. Moreover, this study also identified 31 highly‐cited papers published during 1998–2002 and 20 highly‐cited papers published during 2003–2007. The results showed that authors from countries other than the four major English‐speaking countries (i.e., the USA, the UK, Australia, and Canada) published an increasing number of articles in the past decade. During these five years (2003–2007), science educators showed relatively more interest in research topics involving the context of student learning. Besides, science educators have changed some of their research interests during 1998–2007, with a shift in the research topics from student conception learning and conceptual change (1998–2002) to student learning contexts (2003–2007). Moreover, the investigation of highly‐cited papers in the past decade revealed that studies on argumentation have gained significant attention among science educators.  相似文献   

16.
This study used scientometric methods to conduct an automatic content analysis on the development trends of science education research from the published articles in the four journals of International Journal of Science Education, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, Research in Science Education, and Science Education from 1990 to 2007. The multi-stage clustering technique was employed to investigate with what topics, to what development trends, and from whose contribution that the journal publications constructed as a science education research field. This study found that the research topic of Conceptual Change & Concept Mapping was the most studied topic, although the number of publications has slightly declined in the 2000’s. The studies in the themes of Professional Development, Nature of Science and Socio-Scientific Issues, and Conceptual Chang and Analogy were found to be gaining attention over the years. This study also found that, embedded in the most cited references, the supporting disciplines and theories of science education research are constructivist learning, cognitive psychology, pedagogy, and philosophy of science.  相似文献   

17.
The construction of multirate rearrangeable network has long been an interesting problem. Of many results published, all were achieved on 3-stage Clos network. The monotone routing algorithm proposed by Huet al. (2001) was also first applied to 3-stage Clos network. In this work, we adopt this algorithm and apply it to log d (N,m,p) networks. We first analyze the properties of log d (N,m,p) networks. Then we use monotone algorithm in log d (N,0,p) network. Furthermore we extend the result to construct multirate rearrangeable networks based on log d (N,m,p) network (1≤m≤n−1). Project (No. 10371028) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effect of Ethnoscience instruction and moderating effects of school location and parental educational status on students' attitude to science. It employed pretest-posttest, non-equivalent control group quasiexperimental design. Participants were 352 Junior Secondary School 1 (aged 9–12 years) students from two schools, each in urban and rural areas of Ìbàdàn, southwestern Nigeria. Instruments used are: Teachers Instructional Guide on Ethnoscience instruction, Teachers Instructional Guide on Modified Lecture Method and Attitude Toward Science Scale (r?=?0.86). Three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. Significant main effect of treatment on attitude to science (F(1, 347)?=?296, p?<?0.05) was recorded, with Ethnoscience instruction group performing better than the Modified Lecture Method group. Effect size of treatment was strong (η2 p?=?0.46). Also recorded were significant main effects of school location (F(1, 347)?=?10.2, p?<?.05) and parental educational status (F(1, 347?=?3.37), p <?0.05) on students' attitude to science with weak effect sizes (η2 p?=?0.029 and η2 p?=?0.019 respectively). Learners in rural schools performed better than those in urban schools and those from lowly educated parents had better performance than highly educated parents. Ethnoscience instruction promoted learners' attitude to science. Therefore, its use in educational instruction, especially among traditional science learners, should be explored.  相似文献   

19.
Nearly half of all college students in the United States begin at community colleges, including higher numbers of students coming from backgrounds which have been historically underrepresented in higher education. Despite record numbers of new students enrolling at community colleges, the number of students who are retained at the institution long enough to be deemed successful, either through transferring or graduating, remains largely unchanged. One theory is that some students enter college with less confidence in their ability to be successful, hastening their departure. Faculty members are in a unique position to impact student self-efficacy, which ultimately may impact student success. This exploratory study quantitatively assessed whether a relationship exists between confirmation behaviors employed by faculty members in the classroom and changes in reported academic self-efficacy of students. The research was conducted through a causal comparative matched pair design with Midwestern community college students during their first semester. The results support a relationship between change in self-efficacy and perceived faculty confirmation (rs = .212, n = 70, p = .039*), particularly for female students (rs = .331, n = 35, p = .026*) and for those students where neither parent completed a degree higher than high school (rs = .316, n = 46, p = .016*).  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Extending studies on emotional design in multimedia learning beyond college samples and further considering individual differences, we examined the effects of emotional design on middle school students’ learning and whether this relationship is moderated by learners’ prior knowledge, using a computer-based lesson covering the topic “the formation of lightning.” Participants were middle school students (N?=?124; 58 females; age range 13 to 16) who volunteered to participate with permission. Learners with high prior knowledge (n?=?63) and learners with low prior knowledge (n?=?61) were randomly assigned to one of two instructional design conditions: positive emotional design (colourful and anthropomorphic features) and neutral emotional design (grey and non-anthropomorphic features). The results showed that the positive emotional design operationalised via visual elements did not induce more positive emotions than the neutral design group, although there was a trend towards facilitating more learning transfer (η2p?=?.02, p?=?.098) and increasing the mental effort of learners with low prior knowledge (η2p = .03, p?=?.06). There was a tendency for learners with high knowledge to perceive higher mental effort (η2p?=?.03, p?=?.06), satisfaction (η2p = .05, p?=?.01) and achieve better transfer scores (η2p = .03, p?=?.087) compared with those learners with low knowledge. These findings suggest that positive emotional design should be cautiously applied in multimedia learning for middle school students. Individual differences must be considered in instructional design in a multimedia learning environment.  相似文献   

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