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1.
通过正常固结饱和粘性土的三轴固结不排水试验,分析了在正常固结饱和粘性土在三轴固结不排水应力路径下考虑土应力应变非线性的孔隙水压力方程,根据有效应力路径唯一性原理,推导出适用于其他应力路径下正常固结饱和粘性土的孔隙水压力方程,并通过一个工程实例验证方程的工程实用性。  相似文献   

2.
粉土微结构的定量分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过采用对微观土样的电子计算机图像处理技术,对粉土的SEM(扫描电镜)图像进行计算机定量处理,采用了太原理工大学和北京航空航天大学图像中心共同研制的土颗粒计算机图像处理系统来进行粉土的微观图片的资料分析.得出粉土当其黏粒含量为Pc=9%时,其抗液化能力最低.  相似文献   

3.
为从微观角度定量描述冰在岩土材料中的分布特征,基于冷冻电镜技术提出了一种微观尺度的实验表征方法。针对不同冰饱和度人造岩芯样品的二次电子图像和能谱分析图,通过元素含量分布、升华前后图像对比确认了冰在岩土材料中的分布状态。随着冰饱和度的增加,骨架孔隙被冰填充、骨架颗粒表面被冰包裹区域增大,样品断面更密实平整,岩土骨架的堆积结构特征变弱。在背散射电子图像中,冰的图像比岩土骨架亮度低、灰度高,基于此构建了冰饱和度的数字图像计算方法。该方法计算的升华前冰饱和度与样品预制冰饱和度偏差小于5%,验证了其可靠性。  相似文献   

4.
采用主成分分析方法, 就粘性土多指标反映其性质的规律进行了研究. 研究表明, 采用液性指数作为单一指标的传统粘性土物理状态划分方法, 在反映亚粘土和亚砂土性质时不尽合理. 而采用液性指数IL结合孔隙比e反映粉质粘土的特性更加合理. 同样,孔隙比e比液性指数IL能更好地描述亚粘土的天然特性. 采用人工神经网络结合主成分分析, 得出应用孔隙比e和液性指数IL两个指标来预测桩侧摩阻力更为精确. 同时发现在一定临界影响深度范围内(20~30 m), 桩侧摩阻力随深度的增加而增加, 且粘性土的稠度愈硬, 临界深度愈浅.  相似文献   

5.
利用扫描电镜( SEM)和数字图像技术研究软粘上劈裂注浆过程中微观结构孔隙的变化,采用室内试验和分形理论相结合的方法研究注浆前后孔隙结构的korcak分形特征,结合IPP量测数据得出了描述孔隙结构Korcak分维数.结果表明,劈裂注浆前后的孔隙结构具有明显的分形特征,korcak分维数在0.896~1.552之间,水泥-水玻璃浆体不仅具有细化粗孔的效果,而且孔隙的特征也有了明显的改善.分维数的数值大小反映了软粘土劈裂注浆过程中的孔隙度变化,孔隙度愈小,分维数愈大,分维数与孔隙度、孔隙数量之间存在较为显著的线性回归关系.  相似文献   

6.
本文依据宁波北仑港海上大量的粘性土工程地质勘察资料和土工试验数据,以传统地质分层为背景,力学强度分层为目标,建立了一套模糊数学评判模型,并用计算机进行数据处理,定量地划分了粘性土的力学强度。  相似文献   

7.
该文研发了一款电动双向固化土试样制样仪,通过与击实法及静压法制样的试样进行宏观、细观、微观对比,分析验证双向制样仪的可行性。结果表明:在宏观层面上,双向试样固化土无侧限抗压强度最高,静压试样次之,而击实试样最低;双向试样固化土整体外观颜色一致且破坏形式稳定,均为剪切破坏,均匀性优于击实法和静压法试样。在细观层面上,双向试样的表观孔隙最少且分布均匀。在微观层面上,双向试样内部微观结构最致密,进汞量最少,孔隙体积占比以直径较小的颗粒间孔隙为主。因此,多尺度对比研究表明,自主研发的双向制样仪的制样效果优于静压仪和三瓣模(或双瓣模),可在土工试验中推广应用。  相似文献   

8.
采用一种新型的离心喷射沉积(CSD)成形技术制备了Ti—48A1—2Mn—2Nb金属间化合物,较系统地研究了该合金的微观组织结构以及室温拉伸、压缩和断裂韧度等力学性能,探讨和研究了该合金制备过程中形成的孔隙、特殊层片状组织及对材料性能的影响规律。图像分析系统定量测试结果表明,CSD制备的金属间化合物的孔隙率在2%左右,热等静压(HIP)有效地消除了合金在喷射成形制备中产生的孔隙,致密度达99.6—99.9%。性能研究结果表明,CSD制备的Ti—48A1—2Mn—2Nb合金具有良好的室温拉伸、压缩和断裂韧度等性能,尤其是压缩性能和断裂韧度值,显示了很好的应用前景。  相似文献   

9.
岩土材料(如黏土、砂土、岩石和混凝土等)在颗粒尺度上均具有独特且明显的微观结构(如组构、粒径、颗粒形状、矿物组成、接触模式和内部孔隙等)。这些颗粒尺度的微观结构较难直接观察,但对岩土材料的宏观物理力学行为(如剪切强度、压缩性和渗透性等)有着显著的影响。近年来,各种新型岩土工程材料(如纤维增强土和生物加固土)表现出更加复杂的微观结构。岩土材料微观结构对材料工程性质的影响促使人们采用更加先进的理论、实验和数值方法对其进行探索,从而大大加深了人们对宏微观力学的认识与理解。为分享岩土材料微观结构和微观力学的最新研究进展,本专辑收集了在该研究领域具有代表性的研究成果,涵盖了颗粒-颗粒和颗粒-流体相互作用、X射线计算机断层扫描观测技术及其应用、颗粒破碎和颗粒形状的影响、岩石裂隙扩展等方面。希望本专辑能加强读者对各个研究领域的理解,并进一步推动多场多尺度问题的应用和发展。  相似文献   

10.
微观孔隙结构具有不规则性、复杂性、动态变化等特点,直接影响剩余油的分布形态及运动规律,最终导致驱油效率及波及水驱系数难以预测。为明确微观孔隙结构分析方法研究现状及未来发展方向,介绍微观孔隙结构特征的相关参数,定性描述各参数对剩余油含量的影响;重点综述微观孔隙结构特征分析的几类方法;总结各种方法的应用进展及优缺点;分别从理论、分析方法及应用3个方面展望未来发展趋势。  相似文献   

11.
本文应用错流平板膜过滤技术对白茶饮料澄清工艺进行了研究,测定茶汤在不同截留分子量(2、6、10万单位)超滤膜的膜通量;不同跨膜压力下超滤膜的膜通量及色差值,并对茶汤进行感官审评。试验结果表明,白茶茶汤明度与清澈度较超滤前大幅提高,孔径越小茶汤化学成分截留越多,滋味变浅薄,汤色评分下降。综合茶汤感官品质及操作适用性,合适的膜过滤操作参数为:6万单位到10万单位截留分子量范围的超滤膜;跨膜压力1~2kg/cm2。本研究结果为该技术在白茶饮料生产中的实际应用提供重要参考。  相似文献   

12.
In this paper, we consider theories about processes of visual perception and perception-based knowledge representation (VPR) in order to explain difficulties encountered in figural processing in junior high school geometry tasks. In order to analyze such difficulties, we take advantage of the following perspectives of VPR: (1) Perceptual organization: Gestalt principles, (2) recognition: bottom-up and top-down processing; and (3) representation of perception-based knowledge: verbal vs. pictorial representation, mental images and hierarchical structure of images. Examples given in the paper were mostly taken from Gal's study (2005) which aimed at identifying and analyzing Problematic Learning Situations (after Gal & Linchevski, 2000) in junior high school geometry classes. Gal's study (2005) suggests that while this theoretical perspective became part of teachers' pedagogic content knowledge, the teachers were aware of their students' thinking processes and their ability to analyze and cope with their students’ difficulties in geometry was improved.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of this study is to analyse how graphicacy is promoted through activities with images of the human body in third to sixth year primary school textbooks from three different publishers. The analysis was based on categories related to type of image, type of task, procedures, cognitive processing level required and whether there are explicit instructions on how to use the image. The results show that illustrations and visual diagrams are the most frequent images. The main task is image interpretation, whereas production tasks are scarce. Moreover, the tasks are not evenly distributed among the different procedures. The processing level required is low and requires superficial processing of the images, resulting in a learning process based on copy and repetition. There is some evidence of activities being sequenced according to educational level. We conclude that the kind of graphicacy found in the textbook activities is insufficient for acquiring competence in the use of images.  相似文献   

14.
This investigation focuses on text recall in eight‐ and nine‐year old children. The main focus was on whether two different sets of instructions had a differential influence: one set instructed students to focus on an orally presented text verbatim, and the other instructed students to focus on its content. A differential influence on verbatim and content recall might indicate separate storage of verbatim and gist information, and could provide evidence for two subprocesses of text processing – that is, for construction and integration. The instructions were administered either before or after hearing the text, and recall was tested again one week later. The results showed differential instruction effects on verbatim and content recall. These effects depended on the time of instruction. Verbatim instruction had an enhancing effect on verbatim recall, both when instructions were given before and when given after text presentation. Content instruction given after text presentation had a suppressing effect on verbatim recall, but involved no advantage for content recall. Content recall was not suppressed by verbatim instruction at any time of instruction. Thus, the processing of content seems to be less situated than the processing of verbatim information.  相似文献   

15.
本文针对目前钱钟书小说研究中存在的侧重于《围城》研究和男性人物形象研究的两种倾向,从女性人物入手,对小说中的女性(尤其是知识女性)形象进行了梳理和分析,揭示出了40年代中国知识女性的生存状态和命运,从而对钱钟书的小说创作及其女性观提出了自己的看法。  相似文献   

16.
根据合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像基本原理,结合当前基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现数字信号处理的能力,本文对SAR成像系统的FPGA实现方法做了深入探究.该系统设计将SAR成像算法映射到FPGA中进行实现,结合重新时序分布、展开与合并等算法实现技术,同时注重流水线、并行处理等基本设计技巧,极大地提高了SAR成像系统的运算精度和运算速度.通过仿真验证,设计的系统具有实时高性能的特点,可以很好地满足空载实时SAR成像要求.  相似文献   

17.
为了实现常规尺寸和大尺寸机械零件的视觉测量,提出一种新的基于序列局部图像尺寸特征的测量方法.不进行图像拼接,而是提取序列局部图像的尺寸特征,并以图像序列之间的关联关系为依据求解零件尺寸.针对影响测量精度的相面旋转问题,充分利用工件表面纹理信息,提出了基于纹理特征的序列局部图像校准方法,获得序列图像之间的相对旋转角度,解决了测量过程中相机抖动或零件旋转引起的尺寸特征方向变动问题.通过实例说明了所提方法的实现过程及其有效性.实验表明,对大尺寸零件采用序列图像测量法,相对测量误差在0.012%以内,满足板类零件的精密测量要求.  相似文献   

18.
The declining number of university age students, and decreases in state and federal funding for higher education contributed to the need for many institutions of higher education to create and maintain a distinctive image (a niche) in the marketplace. New trends already evident, as higher education copes with these changes, include the increasing use of advertising, promotion and other strategic marketing tools which are applied to position or reposition institutions. This article investigates the formation of university images by applying information processing theories in relation to consumer decision-making. The study takes the perspective reflecting interests of students whose major concern is their employability after graduation. It examines the number of attributes on which graduates are evaluated, composition of these attributes, the method of attribute processing, and the effect of the university overall image on the evaluation of its graduates.  相似文献   

19.
合成孔径雷达图像中相干斑噪声的存在降低了图像的质量,影响了图像的解译和后续处理。分析了图像相干斑噪声产生的机理,介绍了基于空域和频域的滤波方法的研究现状,并在阐述小波阈值去噪声方法的基础上考虑根据小波系数子带分布特征用定向窗口中值滤波代替阈值去噪声,提出了结合中值滤波的小波域SAR相干斑抑制方法,并通过和已有的方法比较,说明该方法非常有效。  相似文献   

20.
Machine vision inspection of rice seed based on Hough transform   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
INTRODUCTION It is a common phenomenon that glumes ofrice seeds are incompletely closed, especially forhybrid rice. The average proportion of hybrid riceseed with incompletely closed glumes is about 26%in nature. The threshing and drying in post-harvesthandling will further increase the proportion. Thegermen segmentation is inhibited by ultravioletillumination from sunshine while the germen epi-dermis cell stops growing because of shortage ofwater due to the limited moisture. These …  相似文献   

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