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对美国学界关于博士生流失影响因素的研究进行述评。美国学者研究发现,学科、院系文化环境、经济资助方式、博士项目的培养规模和博士生的非智力因素等是影响美国博士生流失的主要因素,而博士生的人口学特征和学术背景对其是否会流失的影响作用不明显。 相似文献
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如何寻求教育博士研究生学习期间工作、学习和生活三者的阶段性平衡点,实现工作单位、培养学校和学生个体的三赢,是教育博士专业学位教育发展亟待解决的重要问题。基于角色理论,在对7名在读教育博士生访谈的基础上,研究分析了教育博士生工作、学习和生活的角色冲突的原因、负面影响,并从政府、工作单位、培养学校和教育博士生个体四个维度提出了应对之策。 相似文献
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我国5所研究型大学采用国务院学位委员会、教育部、人事部2007年9月颁布的“全国博士质量调查问卷”,对在读博士生、博士生导师以及研究生教育负责人进行抽样调查。对这些问卷进行分析和部分师生访谈,发现博士生、博士生导师以及研究生教育负责人三者均对当前博士质量的整体水平评价较高。博士生导师与研究生教育负责人两个群体中的大部分人认为当前整体的博士质量与过去相比基本持平．但在“学位论文质量”和“外语水平”两方面有所提高。 相似文献
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博士生教育承担着为党和国家培养高层次人才的重要任务,全球化背景下知识经济竞争的加剧使得博士人才培养的重要性日益凸显。随着我国研究生招生规模的扩大,博士生教育面临的教育质量问题愈发严峻。博士生教育质量体现在博士生的学业成就上,而影响学业成就的因素是多方面的,了解影响因素并揭示相互之间的关联无疑可以帮助博士生顺利完成学业,提升高等教育质量。本研究基于契合理论,扩展了博士生环境契合度的理论框架,创建了更为细致的博士生教育契合度多维框架,包括博士生环境契合度、学生职业契合度和博士生文化契合度三个维度。该分析框架呈现了博士生教育契合度与博士生学业成就之间的关联,对于完善博士人才培养、提升教育质量具有重要作用。 相似文献
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保障研究生培养质量是研究生教育的价值和灵魂所在,而导师的指导对博士生的培养起着至关重要的作用。目前博士生培养质量问题引起了业界的广泛关注。文章以＂研究生学习与生活＂为主要内容,对五所研究型大学的博士研究生进行了问卷调查。研究发现：目前导师对博士研究生的指导比较充分;导师的指导频率和指导程度与博士生学位论文的选题、博士生一般论文的质量以及博士生科研能力有很大关系。 相似文献
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我国博士质量影响因素的认识研究——基于五所研究型大学的调查 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
王蔚虹 《学位与研究生教育》2008,(9):16-21
通过对五所研究型大学对在读博士生、博士生导师、研究生教育负责人以及毕业博士的抽样问卷调查,探讨了不同责任主体在博士质量影响因素认识上的异同,发现博士生、博士生导师、研究生教育负责人以及毕业博士四者均较认同"导师指导"、"学术氛围"为影响博士质量的重要因素,但在认同"学科水平"、"科研条件"为博士质量重要影响因素上,存在差异. 相似文献
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美国在全国范围内对毕业博士进行了三次职业发展调查,从博士生教育是否满足博士职业发展需求角度,调查了毕业博士的职业发展路径、就业满意度以及毕业博士对博士生教育质量的回溯与评价。基于美国三次毕业博士职业发展调查的背景及调查结果,考察美国变革博士生培养质量评价标准、帮助博士生做好就业准备以及提供具有广度和深度的博士生教育三个方面,可以为我国未来博士生教育发展提供一定的启示。 相似文献
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对国外教育博士发展历史,以及教育博士与哲学博士区别的研究,显示实践性是教育博士的显著特征。重视大学与工作场所和职业之间的联系,重视提升学生对职业实践问题的理论反思、研究能力与问题解决能力,是教育博士研究生培养的重要特色。通过问卷和访谈调查我国教育博士研究生培养状况,结果发现当前教育博士研究生在专业理论知识和研究方法教育上表现良好,但在科研实践能力和职业实践能力训练上比较薄弱,教育博士研究生培养表现出一定的学术化倾向。 相似文献
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博士生延期毕业现象受到高校和政府的重点关注，但相关研究付之阙如。为探寻博士生延期毕业原因及矛盾根源，研究访谈了32位博士生及15位导师。围绕高深知识的生产、学习与传授，得出延期矛盾的根源如下：延期博士生学术基础与高深知识高深性、深奥性的失配，延期博士生学术动力与高深知识开放性、探索性的失配，延期博士生自学能力与高深知识个人性、缄默性的失配，院系培育服务与高深知识学习、传授方式的失配。为改善延期现状，研究建议：应严格把控博士招生环节，多途径提高学生科研素养；正视导学冲突的负面效应，弥合师生沟通的现实张力；加强过程监管及考核力度，回归科研评价的学术本位。 相似文献
12.
Cally Guerin Asangi Jayatilaka Damith Ranasinghe Alistair McCulloch Paul Calder 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2017,41(5):625-641
A ‘knowledge society’ relies on a workforce with high-level skills in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Continuing development of ICT will arise partly from research undertaken by doctoral graduates. However, compared to other cognate disciplines, ICT has relatively few students taking up doctoral studies. This article explores some of the perceived barriers to undertaking doctoral studies in ICT in three Australian universities. Current students were surveyed regarding their post-course intentions relating to employment and further study, and the resulting data was analysed in terms of type of university attended, gender, nationality and first-in-family status. Overall, the perceived barriers to doing a research degree were related to the financial implications of such study and a limited understanding of what research in ICT involves. The following recommendations are made to universities and higher education policy-makers: that universities ensure that students have accurate information about the financial costs of doctoral studies; that students be provided with authentic undergraduate research experiences; and that pathways be developed to facilitate a smooth return to research degrees after periods of working in industry. 相似文献
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Much research into doctoral student-supervisor relations focuses on developing positive interactions. For many students, however, the research experience can be troubled by breakdowns in communication and even the loss of the supervisor(s), turning the student into a doctoral ‘orphan’ and impacting on their academic identity and ability and confidence in producing a sound doctoral-level contribution to knowledge. Our work with a range of UK- and internationally-based doctoral students looks specifically at reasons for supervisor loss and/or absence and the students' experience of being doctoral ‘orphans’ in terms of identity, confidence and progress. In focusing on those who achieve successful completion, it suggests the need for institutional and community support and highlights the development of effective strategies leading to ownership, empowerment and emotional resilience. 相似文献
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María del Carmen Calatrava Moreno Mary Ann Danowitz 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2016,38(4):448-464
The aim of this study was to identify how and why doctoral students do interdisciplinary research. A mixed-methods approach utilising bibliometric analysis of the publications of 195 students identified those who had published interdisciplinary research. This objective measurement of the interdisciplinarity, applying the Rao-Stirling index to Web of Science and Scopus citations, allowed for a comparison of students’ interdisciplinary research outcomes from three different computer science programmes: a traditional programme, a multidisciplinary doctoral school and an interdisciplinary doctoral college. Applying a sociocultural approach, interviews with the 15 most interdisciplinary students were analysed to understand how dispositions and experiences of students and factors of the different programmes affect the circumstances and processes of becoming an interdisciplinary early career scientist. The data indicate that student motivations, previous skills and knowledge interacted with policies and programme structures including type of funding and supervisor expectations to play a crucial role in interdisciplinarity at the doctoral level. These factors can give rise to interdisciplinary research even in programmes without interdisciplinary focus and compromise the interdisciplinary goals of interdisciplinary programmes. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe first time of many significant encounters is the most intense, raising awkwardness, anxiety and hope. This article presents data from doctoral students (n?=?80) who described the first time that they submitted writing to their supervisor and received feedback. The first writing/feedback exchange is an initiation into the cultures of academia. Student accounts captured the intensity of the initiation for students, excitement or dread on submitting writing, with increased emotional reaction when going through the feedback process, that liminal first time. Close focus on the first-time writing feedback exchange makes a contribution to the literature on the social interactions of doctoral writing. Data backs our argument that students and supervisors need to carefully manage the first-time exchange of writing. Our findings are analysed thematically and through an autoethnographic lens of the lead author, who was both a research assistant for the research survey and an international doctoral student experiencing the same processes in his cross-disciplinary joint doctorate. We draw on conceptual threshold-crossing theories established in regard to doctoral learning. 相似文献
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随着博士招生规模的扩大，博士生教育质量问题受到各方关注。导师作为博士生培养中最直接且关键的因素，对博士生的科研创新能力发挥着重要影响，但鲜有严谨的实证研究阐明其影响机制。基于2016年首都高校学生发展状况调查的数据，采用处理效应模型控制学生选择导师的内生性后，估计了导师对博士生科研发表的影响。研究发现，导师的学术指导显著正向影响博士生科研产出，这种影响主要通过作用于博士生科研参与实现，而导师的社会资本对博士生的科研产出存在负向影响。导师学术指导的正向影响更多体现在理工类博士生群体中，导师社会资本的影响更多体现在人文社科类博士生群体中。 相似文献
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在知识经济时代,越来越多的工科博士生参与大学的学术创业活动,作为科研训练的一种重要方式,学术创业对工科博士教育产生了重要影响。基于对16名工科博士生深度访谈材料的扎根分析,本研究发现,参与学术创业,促进了工科博士生科研能力的提升,非学术技能的习得,广阔的学术观和多元职业观的形成。为回应学术创业对工科博士教育的影响,建议培养单位形成多元培养观,优选和拓展学术创业项目,提升工科博士生的科研能力和学术创业能力。 相似文献
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Doctoral programs have high dropout rates of 43% representing the highest among all post-baccalaureate programs. Cross sectional studies of doctoral students?? retention have showed the importance of financial aid in predicting degree completion. These studies however, do not estimate the labor market??s effect on doctoral student retention and neglect the longitudinal nature of doctoral study and the multiple requirements that make doctoral education a three-stage process. This research study examines the effect of various factors, including financial aid and labor market conditions, on the likelihood that doctoral students will complete the three stages of doctoral education: transition, development, and research. The results show that although financial aid as a whole is important, the type of financial aid received is even more significant and has differential impacts on doctoral students?? retention at each stage. The study concludes that research assistantships have the highest likelihood of degree completion compared to students with other forms of financial support. Labor market conditions are also an important factor affecting doctoral student retention with higher expected earnings motivating doctoral students in the later part of their programs to complete their degrees. 相似文献
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本研究基于美国基于调研评估‘研究-博士’项目(ARDP)调查中关于美国研究型大学与博士生培养质量相关的调查数据,对美国研究型大学博士生培养现状以及培养质量的影响因素进行了分析,研究结论是,美国研究型大学博士生源优秀,具有多样性和国际化程度高的特点;博士生完成学业年限较长且具有学科差异性;博士筛选及选拔机制严格,淘汰率高;博士生导师科研能力突出,学术能力和科研项目是选拔;博士生培养规模一般都比较小;博士生资助面广,资助力度较大。 相似文献
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本文以我国某研究型大学自然科学领域的博士生为研究对象,分析博士生在读期间的学术产出状况;构造了以学术研究投入时间、国内国际会议报告、与导师交流频率为维度的学术活跃度概念,并利用负二项分布的回归模型,证实了学术活跃度与博士生学术产出之间的关系。本研究认为,应努力创造良好的博士生教育环境和氛围,通过提高博士生的学术活跃度,进而提高其学术产出,这对提高我国博士生教育培养质量具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献