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1.
Chi‐Chin Chin 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(13):1549-1570
Scientific literacy and attitudes toward science play an important role in human daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether first‐year pre‐service teachers in colleges in Taiwan have a satisfactory level of scientific literacy. The domains of scientific literacy selected in this study include: (1) science content; (2) the interaction between science, technology and society (STS); (3) the nature of science; and (4) attitudes toward science. In this study, the instruments used were Chinese translations of the Test of Basic Scientific Literacy (TBSL) and the Test of Science‐related Attitudes. Elementary education majors (n = 141) and science education majors (n = 138) from four teachers’ colleges responded to these instruments. The statistical results from the tests revealed that, in general, the basic scientific literacy of first‐year pre‐service teachers was at a satisfactory level. Of the six scales covered in this study, the pre‐service teachers displayed the highest literacy in health science, STS, and life science. Literacy in the areas of the nature of science and earth science was rated lowest. The results also showed that science education majors scored significantly higher in physical science, life science, nature of science, science content, and the TBSL than elementary science majors. Males performed better than females in earth science, life science, science content, and the TBSL. Next, elementary education majors responded with more “don’t know” responses than science education majors. In general, the pre‐service teachers were moderately positive in terms of attitudes toward science while science education majors had more positive attitudes toward science. There was no significant difference in attitudes between genders. Previous experience in science indicated more positive attitudes toward science. The results from stepwise regression revealed that STS, the nature of science, and attitudes toward science could explain 50.6% and 60.2% variance in science content in elementary education and science education majors, respectively. For science education majors, the first three scales—the nature of science, health science and physical science—determined basic scientific literacy. However, for elementary education majors, the top three factors were physical science, life science and the nature of science. Based on these results, several strategies for developing the professional abilities of science teachers have been recommended for inclusion in pre‐service programs. 相似文献
2.
Tracie M. Addy Margaret R. Blanchard 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(8):1045-1071
ABSTRACTUsing data from the 2006 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), we explored nine aspects of science engagement (science self-efficacy, science self-concept, enjoyment of science, general interest in learning science, instrumental motivation for science, future-oriented science motivation, general value of science, personal value of science, and science-related activities) as outcomes and predictors of science achievement. Based on results from multilevel modelling with 4456 students nested within 132 schools, we found that all aspects of science engagement were statistically significantly and positively related to science achievement, and nearly all showed medium or large effect sizes. Each aspect was positively associated with one of the (four) practices (strategies) of science teaching. Focus on applications or models was positively related to the most aspects of science engagement (science self-concept, enjoyment of science, instrumental motivation for science, general value of science, and personal value of science). Hands-on activities were positively related to additional aspects of science engagement (science self-efficacy and general interest in learning science) and also showed a positive relationship with science achievement. 相似文献
3.
我国科学教育发展历史虽然已历经百年，但至今仍存在不少问题。要在新时期解决科学教育中的诸多问题，必须厘清科学教育中的几个关系性问题：第一，科学与科学教育之间的关系，科学与科学教育分属两个范畴但又相互关联；第二，科学方法与科学教育方法之关系，科学方法是科学研究者做科学之方法，科学教育方法则是指导学生学习科学之方法；第三，科学知识与科学素养之关系，科学素养是科学教育追求之目标，科学知识是其不可或缺的重要内容；第四，科学教育与技术教育之间的关系，随着科学与技术之间相互作用的增强，科学与技术在教育中逐渐走向融合，但现时期科学教育与技术教育仍具有不同的内涵。 相似文献
4.
This study considers the relationship between science, science teaching and the philosophy of science perceiving these three
cultural phenomena as a semantic triad. This approach presents science teaching as being a form of a scientific reflection.
The relationship of science teaching to the philosophy of science is advocated to be essential, revealing the conceptual meaning
of science in the science curriculum and thus removing the semantic degeneracy taking place when the philosophy of science
is ignored in science education. The study points at the bricolage as well as magic nature of the science curriculum preserving
as long as science teaching preserves semantic degeneracy. Different types of meaning of Schwab’s commonplaces were recognized.
The study challenges the common view of the relationship between science, science teaching and pedagogy and suggests effective
representation of individual knowledge of science educators. 相似文献
5.
Scientific literacy is one of the primary purposes of science education which briefly focuses on using and interpreting scientific explanations, understanding science within its culture. However, science curricula emphasize science with its cognitive aspects and underestimate affective and aesthetic aspects of science. Science education needs to cover beauty of science for students to cross borders between their own culture and culture of science and to achieve the aim of scientific literacy. Relating aesthetic aspects of science with content of science and paving the way for aesthetic experiences through artworks may enrich science education. The purposes of this study are to discuss the need of integrating aesthetic aspects of science in science instruction and to propose examples and pedagogical suggestions to promote aesthetic experiences into the science education. Artworks are selected to present socio-cultural aspects of science to demonstrate the culture of science, their stories are explained, and pedagogical suggestions are proposed. Advantages and difficulties of using artworks in science instruction are discussed as a result of the study. 相似文献
6.
钱学森以马克思主义哲学为指导,提出了＂现代科学技术体系＂和＂开放复杂巨系统的理论与方法＂,成为科学技术发展史上重大的理论创新。从横向上,钱学森将现代科学技术的认识过程分为工程技术、技术科学和基础科学三个层次,科学技术认识的基础是前科学;从纵向上,他从＂科学是随着矛盾的产生而发展＂的观点出发,对科学技术的发展状况进行了总结,提出了系统科学、思维科学、人体科学等新学科。还将文学艺术、军事科学技术、行为科学技术、地理科学技术、建筑科学技术等纳入到科学技术体系之中。 相似文献
7.
教育中的科学史与科学史中的教育 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
任玉凤 《内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2002,34(6):14-17
关于科学史在科学教育中的功能问题，一些案例说明，长期以来，实际上是教育目的规定着科学史的教育作用，将这种现象可称为教育中的科学史。而随着科学史研究的发展和科学史建制的形成，现在以科学史本身为本来认识科学史的教育作用，相应的，这可被称为科学史中的教育。在科学史的研究和传播过程中，从教育中的科学史向科学史中的教育转变，能够避免对科学史的辉格式解释和对科学历史的歪曲，也有利于真正认识科学史学科的教育功能。 相似文献
8.
有关“人文学科”的几点辨析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
曾军 《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2001,15(2):121-126
关于“人学科”的辨析可以从三个层面上进行：一是“学科”层面的“人学科”与“自然科学”和“社会科学”的区分；二是“历史”层面的“人学科”与“人主义”的甄别；三是“教育”层面的“人学科教育”和“人主义教育”的差异，章对有关“人学科”的几个相关性概念进行了比较辨析，并在此过程中突显出“人学科”的内涵。 相似文献
9.
10.
Efforts to promote more realistic conceptions about science are often limited by teachers’ inexperience in this domain. In this paper, we describe an ‘inductive–deductive, dialectic immersion’ approach towards assisting teachers in developing more realistic conceptions about science — along with corresponding revised perspectives about science teaching. Three secondary teachers of science with minimal science research experience engaged in a case study of science in action — specifically, in an episode of northern alpine ecological field research. Qualitative data analyzed by constant comparative methods suggested that these teachers shifted along a modernist through postmodernist continuum — as indicated by increased support for a more Naturalist epistemology of science, a more Antirealist ontology of science, and corresponding priorities towards science teaching and learning. Results suggest that teachers of science can develop postmodern views about science and science teaching if given opportunities to induce and deduce propositions about science in realistic cases of science in action. 相似文献
11.
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of classroom environment to attitudes toward science and achievement in science among tenth grade biology students. An attitude instrument was administered at three times during the school year to measure student attitudes toward science and the classroom environment. The classroom environment measures examined six areas: emotional climate of the science classroom, science curriculum, physical environment of the science classroom, science teacher, other students in the science classroom, and friends attitudes toward science. Student achievement in science was measured by teacher reported semester grades. The results of the study indicated: (1) student attitudes toward the classroom environment predicted between 56 to 61% of the variance in attitudes toward science, (2) student attitudes toward the classroom environment predicted between 5 to 14% of the variance in achievement in science, (3) student attitudes toward science and attitudes toward the classroom environment predicted between 8 and 18% of the variance in achievement in science. 相似文献
12.
13.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among science content knowledge, understanding the Learning Cycle,
and self-efficacy among preservice teachers. Preservice teachers enrolled in an elementary science-methods course were categorized
as Fearful, Disinterested, Successful, or Enthusiastic science learners based on differing background characteristics in the
variables of science interest, performance in science courses methods courses. Analysis revealed that the four categories
increased differentially in their science content knowledge, understanding of the Learning Cycle, science teaching self-efficacy,
and confidence to learn science. Fearful science learners demonstrated less increases in science content knowledge and understanding
of the Learning Cycle than the other three categories. Disinterested science learners demonstrated fewer gains in science
content knowledge than Enthusiastic science learners. Fearful science learners were less confident to learn science than other
categories.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material that is available to authorized users.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
14.
Earlier studies of gender differences in science courses and careers have identified three probable causes: numbers of mathematics courses, level of science achievement, and attitudes toward science. Recently, differential science experiences have been suggested as a factor contributing to the gender differences found in science interest and achievement. A study of science activities, both within and outside of school, has been conducted. Although both boys and girls report similar classroom experiences, boys more often than girls report extracurricular science activities. The findings suggest that equal experiences within science classrooms do not overcome the advantage that boys hold due to more extracurricular science activities. Increased experiences in science, however, have led to more positive attitudes toward science among the girls in this study. 相似文献
15.
Richard A. Duschl 《科学教学研究杂志》1983,20(8):745-754
Ethnographic research methodologies were used to examine the training of elementary education majors in science in an attempt to gain insight on whether or not their training in science contributes to the apprehension elementary teachers have toward science. The field study consisted of 14 weeks of weekly observations in the elementary education majors science methods class. Interviews with the students and the instructors as well as survey instruments to assess students' preparation in science were used. Two different approaches to the study of science, one content oriented, the other process oriented, may contribute to the students' confusion, insecurity, and avoidance of science. The students' perception that science is learning content, an objective of introductory level science courses, and the science methods class's objectives of teaching science as a process sets up an “antagonistic dilemma” between the two. Such “antagonistic dilemma” may be manifest in the lack of instructional time accorded to science by elementary educators. The type of science experiences an individual encounters influences their perceptions. To offset student perceptions developed in science courses which stress principally content, the students need science experiences which truly represent science as inquiry. New strategies for the training of elementary education majors in science need to be examined. 相似文献
16.
Inadequate science knowledge of preservice teachers enrolled in science methods courses not only limits their mastery of effective teaching practices, but also may foster negative attitudes toward science teaching. This study investigated the influence of science knowledge upon attitudes toward science teaching in a one-semester elementary science methods course by embedding a videodisk-based instructional component to remediate knowledge deficiencies. Preservice teachers in the experimental group first learned core concepts in physical and earth science through a series of 24 interactive videodisk lessons and then used the concepts as a foundation for preparing and presenting model science lessons. Results showed that the experimental group overcame their initial knowledge deficiencies by mastering the core concepts presented (mean proportion correct on mastery test = 0.91), with multivariate covariance analysis confirming that the experimentals gain in science knowledge was significantly greater than comparable controls in the parallel science methods sections. Additionally, as a result of mastering the core concepts underlying earth science, preservice teachers using the videodisk instruction also displayed significantly greater confidence in their understanding of science knowledge and more positive attitudes toward science teaching at the elementary levels. Implications for improving elementary science teaching through preservice and in-service training are discussed. 相似文献
17.
科学教育不仅向学生传授科学知识和获取科学知识的方法 ,而且还要进行科学本质教育。让学生理解科学的本质 ,是科学教育的中心任务之一。通过对一个科学课探究性学习活动案例进行评析 ,说明探究性学习活动有利于学生体验和理解科学本质 ,为科学本质教育提供了实现途径。 相似文献
18.
刘景光 《福建教育学院学报》2011,(2):91-96
小学科学课程承担着培养小学生科学素质的重任,早期科学教育对每个人科学素质的形成具有十分重要的影响。然而在调研中发现,小学科学课程实施情况不尽人意：专职科学教师数量极其缺乏;科学课程开设严重不齐不足,兼职教师挪课现象相当严重;设施设备投入不足,科学专用教室和设备严重缺乏。这些问题严重影响小学科学教育正常开展。因此,必须提高对科学课程开设重要性认识,配备专职科学教师,保证开齐开好科学课程,促进学生创新意识和实践能力的提高。 相似文献
19.
小学科学教师科学素养调查研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
为了评价小学科学教师的科学素养,确定培训目标,本研究设计了相应的调查问卷。问卷包含科学知识、科学方法、科学性质和科学态度四个方面。调查的初步结果显示:教师在科学知识和科学方法上存在很多缺陷,在对科学性质的认识方面问题尤其严重,导致在教学中出现了一些不科学甚至伪科学的做法。因此,对教师进行以正确的科学观为核心的科学性质培训是当务之急。 相似文献
20.
Various science education researchers believe that science tuition should include some discussion about how science has developed over time. Therefore, deliberations about the nature of science should be integrated in the science curriculum. Many researchers argue that teaching the history of science is a good way to place the nature of science in science classes. This paper contributes to this debate and argues the importance of having young students study the birth of modern science. Such study could allow students to understand that some of the issues about the nature of science arose in the seventeenth century with the birth of modern science. To achieve this purpose, it is important to discuss the different factors that immersed the birth of modern science. To accomplish this goal, the novel The Name of the Rose by Umberto Eco may be used. Beyond introducing issues surrounding the nature of science, this strategy could help overcome the separation between the arts and humanities in education. 相似文献