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1.
Amanda C. Miller Sun‐Joo Cho Jessica R. Toste James Street Laurie E. Cutting 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2014,29(1):25-35
Reading comprehension is influenced by sources of variance associated with the reader and the task. To gain insight into the complex interplay of multiple sources of influence, we employed crossed random‐effects item response models. These models allowed us to simultaneously examine the degree to which variables related to the type of passage and student characteristics influenced students’ (n = 94; mean age = 11.97 years) performance on two indicators of reading comprehension: different types of comprehension questions and passage fluency. We found that variables related to word recognition, language, and executive function were influential across various types of passages and comprehension questions and also predicted a reader's passage fluency. Further, an exploratory analysis of two‐way interaction effects was conducted. Results suggest that understanding the relative influence of passage, question, and student variables has implications for identifying struggling readers and designing interventions to address their individual needs. 相似文献
2.
探讨了维吾尔族大学生的语言态度和影响他们语言态度的相关背景因素,试图回答哪一个背景因素对语言态度具有最直接的影响,最能够预测维吾尔族大学生的语言态度。把汉语水平、社会网络、和民族认同三个背景因素作为自变量,把语言态度的亲和力维度和地位价值维度作为因变量,通过数理统计分析,检测出三个自变量对两个因变量的影响,研究发现,在所有的背景因素中,社会网络因素对语言态度的影响最大,可以作为语言态度的一个重要预测指标。 相似文献
3.
Gross anatomy is considered by many the backbone of medical education. While learning anatomy has a reputation of requiring mainly rote memorization, modern day anatomy education often involves instruction and assessment at cognitive levels that foster higher-order thinking. In many instances, these higher-order anatomical concepts are taught to graduate students in healthcare-related fields, such as medicine. At this level, students are expected to apply and analyze anatomical information since that is what will ultimately be expected of them as professionals. In contrast, undergraduate anatomy education is typically more introductory in nature and often takes place in the setting of a large-enrollment course that serves as a prerequisite for many health sciences degree programs. In this study, variables related to the assessment of higher-order concepts in clinical anatomy were compared between first-year medical students and undergraduate students enrolled in an upper-level human gross anatomy course. Results demonstrate that undergraduate students perform lower than medical students overall, but the degree of difference in how they perform on higher- versus lower-order questions is comparable. The most notable exception is on practical examinations, where undergraduate students tend to struggle more with applying and analyzing information. Exploration of additional variables provides insight into how the cognitive level being assessed affects the time it takes to answer a question and how different practical examination question types and formats influence student performance. Findings presented in this study have implications for designing anatomy courses and underscore the importance of blueprinting assessments. 相似文献
4.
Shuang Geng Ben Niu Yuanyue Feng Miaojia Huang 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2020,51(5):1785-1803
Despite the popularity of massive open online courses (MOOCs), only a small portion of the course participants successfully complete the course. The low completion rate can be partially attributed to the mismatch between the participants' expectations and value delivered by the courses. Therefore, this study leverages MOOC reviews to investigate the focal point and sentiment of the learners by combining machine learning techniques and statistical analysis. Several text mining methods (ie, simplified Chinese-linguistic inquiry and word count dictionary, word embeddings, and bidirectional long short-term memory model) are combined to automatically extract the emotional and cognitive aspects, review focal point, and sentiment from the learner discourse. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis is performed to examine the relationships between the learner sentiment and the extracted content features. Using a set of real data from NetEase online open courses, our results reveal that the MOOC reviews mostly pertain to teaching and platform rather than the course content. Furthermore, the social process and personal concerns appear more frequently in the learner discourse. Overall, the learners exhibit positive attitudes towards teaching and platform and negative attitudes towards issues related to the course content. This study contributes to the literature regarding the MOOC research methodologies and provides a deeper understanding of the learner discourse behaviour in MOOCs. 相似文献
5.
AbstractIn one experiment, we explored how high school students use hyperlink relevance cues while they navigate to answer questions from hypertexts. Current evidence has shown that students may navigate by either performing a deep semantic analysis of the relationship between the question and the existing hyperlinks, or by matching words in the question to words in the hyperlink labels. We focused on how students combine both cues during navigation, and how comprehension skills relate to the use of such cues. Our study revealed that 14 year old students (N = 53) selected hyperlinks by relying to a similar degree on both word matching and semantic overlap. Furthermore, when there was a conflict between an irrelevant link cued via word matching and a relevant link only cued through semantic overlap, students’ comprehension skills facilitated their initial selection of an informative relevant link. To conclude, we discuss the implications of these results for current models of hypertext navigation. 相似文献
6.
The effects of cognitive thinking styles, trust, conflict management on online students' learning and virtual team performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiaojing Liu Richard J. Magjuka Seung-hee Lee 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2008,39(5):829-846
7.
基于录像分析背景下的初中统计课堂教学提问研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在课堂教学中,教师的提问是最重要的活动.对两节初中统计课的课堂录像进行实录和量化分析,结合教师课堂提问的类型与学生回答之间的联系,得出:在统计课堂教学中(1)教师提问的数量相对比较少,提示类和理解类的提问类型所占比例较高;(2)学生无答的情况较少,但在问题回答中,学生机械性回答占了较大的比例,教师创新性问题较少;(3)教师提问难度与学生回答水平有直接的关系;(4)教师应围绕统计的特点进行提问,使学生经历统计的全过程,有助于提高课堂教学的有效性. 相似文献
8.
《教育心理学家》2013,48(4):313-352
In this keynote review, we draw from recent theory and research on individual differences, learning, and instruction to answer questions about the selection of students and the provision of services in compensatory education. In addressing the question regarding provision of services to Chapter 1 students, we focus on five issues: (a) fragmentation versus integration of what is to be learned, (b) time as a variable, (c) the provision of direct instruction and possible alternatives to direct instruction, (d) compensatory education for aptitude processes, and (e) instructional grouping decisions. Current Chapter 1 services may promote fragmentation rather than integration of the academic content for the student. Moreover, Chapter 1 services focus more on teaching basic skills than on promoting higher-order thinking in reading and mathematics. We discuss problems associated with current selection procedures such as misclassification and "labeling" of Chapter 1 students. We conclude with recommendations for educational researchers and policymakers. 相似文献
9.
Nussbaum Miguel Barahona Camila Rodriguez Fernanda Guentulle Victoria Lopez Felipe Vazquez-Uscanga Enrique Cabezas Veronica 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2021,69(1):201-206
Technology has the potential to facilitate the development of higher-order thinking skills in learning. There has been a rush towards online learning by education systems during COVID-19; this can therefore be seen as an opportunity to develop students’ higher-order thinking skills. In this short report we show how critical thinking and creativity can be developed in an online context, as well as highlighting the importance of grit. We also suggest the importance of heuristic evaluation in the design of online systems to support twenty-first century learning.
相似文献10.
Trey Standish Jeff A. Joines Karen R. Young Victoria J. Gallagher 《Research in higher education》2018,59(6):812-823
Institutions of higher education continue to migrate student evaluations of teaching (SET) from traditional, in-class paper forms to online SETs. Online SETs would favorably compare to paper-and-pencil evaluations were it not for widely reported response rate decreases that cause SET validity concerns stemming from possible nonresponse bias. To combat low response rates, one institution introduced a SET application for mobile devices and piloted formal synchronous classroom time for SET completion. This paper uses the Leverage Salience Theory to estimate the impact of these SET process changes on overall response rates, open-ended question response rates, and open end response word counts. Synchronous class time best improves SET responses when faculty encourage completion on keyboarded devices and provide students SET completion time in the first 15 min of a class meeting. Full support from administrators requires sufficient wireless signal strength, IT infrastructure, and assuring student access to devices for responses clustering around meeting times. 相似文献
11.
Janine M. Lim 《Distance Education》2016,37(3):317-332
Self-paced online courses meet flexibility and learning needs of many students, but skepticism persists regarding the quality and the tendency for students to procrastinate in self-paced courses. Research is needed to understand procrastination and delay patterns of students in online self-paced courses to predict successful completion and retention. This article examines three measures of delay in undergraduate online self-paced courses: the days between registration date and first date of assignment submission (Days to Start), the average days between assignment submissions (Days between Assignments), and total days between registration and completion (Days to Complete). The average length of time between assignment submissions was found to be most useful to predict final letter grade and withdrawal. Students’ consistency and regular work on a self-paced class may be the best strategy for success. Institutions offering self-paced courses should implement strategies to teach students self-regulating behaviors. 相似文献
12.
13.
The current study aimed to examine performance times during text reading and question answering of students with and without a history of reading difficulties. Forty-three university students with a history of reading difficulties (HRD) were compared to 124 university students without a history of reading difficulties on measures of word and nonword reading rate, text reading rate and comprehension, and question answering times. Results showed that students with HRD demonstrated slower word, nonword, and text reading rates than their peers, but had comparable reading comprehension scores. Results also showed that students with HRD took longer to answer specific types of questions even when reading rate was controlled. Specifically, when word reading rate was controlled, students with HRD took longer to answer vocabulary, literal, inferential, and background knowledge questions. When text reading rate was controlled, they still took longer to answer literal, inferential, and background knowledge questions. These results suggest that students with a history of reading difficulties require extra time to complete reading comprehension measures for reasons other than just slower word and text reading rate. Findings of this study have implications for supporting university students with a history of reading difficulties. 相似文献
14.
高中数学新课标强调要培养学生问题解决、迁移概括等高阶思维能力,而提高学生数学高阶思维能力的关键在于提高学生的元认知水平。通过培养和锻炼“元认知”,能够有效地进行自我学习的调整和监控,提高数学思维水平。 相似文献
15.
This paper introduces some of the core ideas of an Open Source Educational Processes approach. Based in part on the practices of the Open Source communities of the late 20th and early 21st centuries such as the Linux community, along with the idea that human activity should be held as primary in human-Internet interactions, open source educational processes suggest that individuals will require new types of skills and self-efficacies in order to realize the potential of their Internet activities. Education for these skills is at least in part dependent on development of curricula that recognizes the dialectical relationship between individual agency and goal driven, online communities. It is the communities which drive individual motivations to search for new problem solving possibilities, create well-functioning communities that are capable of organizing and differentiating distributed sources of information, and act as inflection points in the flow of information, recognizing that knowledge is not an object but an ongoing activity. These types of communities are currently relatively rare, especially for distributed populations who do share an initial stake in its goals. One of the few places many students might be able to experience these types of communities and build their Internet skills and self-efficacies are in consciously designed communities provided in traditional education contexts. 21st century education should move (quickly) towards embracing the new types of thinking and intelligence made possible by the Internet through open source educative processes influenced curricula. 相似文献
16.
Young children's understanding of counting and cardinality 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
4-year-old's knowledge of counting and cardinality--the last count word reached represents the numerosity of the set--was tested in 2 experiments. Experiment 1 investigated the nature of early cardinality responses by presenting different forms of the cardinality question before, after, and before and after the child counted. Both type and time of question has large effects. Experiment 2 examined whether children of this age could recognize errors in 4 counting procedures and whether they would reject a cardinality response arrived at through a mistaken counting procedure. The children were very good at recognizing a standard counting procedure as correct. They had only limited success at treating procedures that violated the stable order of count words or violated the one-one correspondence between count word and object as incorrect. They lacked an understanding of the order irrelevance in that they judged valid, nonstandard counting orders as incorrect. The children did not seem to link their evaluation of a cardinality response with their evaluation of the counting procedure used to reach that response. The results do not indicate that counting principles initially govern the child's acquisition of counting knowledge. They are consistent with the suggestion that early cardinality responses are last-word responses. 相似文献
17.
Joseph B. W. Yeo 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2017,15(1):175-191
Educators usually mean different constructs when they speak of open tasks: some may refer to pure-mathematics investigative tasks while others may have authentic real-life tasks in mind; some may think of the answer being open while others may refer to an open method. On the other hand, some educators use different terms, e.g. open and open-ended, to mean the same construct, while others distinguish between these terms. It is difficult to hold a meaningful discussion or to define clearly an area of research on open tasks if the idea of what constitutes the construct of openness is vague. Moreover, what students learn depends on the types of tasks that they are given, and different kinds of tasks place differing cognitive demands on students. Thus, the objectives of this article are to clarify the types of mathematical tasks and develop a framework to characterise their openness based on five task variables: goal, method, task complexity, answer and extension; and to discuss how different types of tasks and openness may affect student learning. The openness framework can help teachers to design or select more appropriate tasks to cater to students with different abilities in order to develop in them various kinds of mathematical thinking processes, and it can also make it easier for researchers to study the interaction between different types of openness and student learning. 相似文献
18.
杨素娟 《中国远程教育(综合版)》2011,(3)
认知性存在体现了学生在课程论坛中通过交互积极建构意义的程度,直接反映学生的认知水平,是形成批判性思维的重要因素.但在我国网络教育实践中,课程论坛上的认知性存在水平较低,学生习惯独立学习,没有形成协作化的学习过程,讨论过程无结构.本文从认知性存在的角度分析了当前网络课程论坛存在的不足,提出了一系列在线讨论教学的设计与实施策略,旨在帮助在线教师优化讨论主题设置,改进讨论教学的结构与流程,促进群体协作学习,提高网络课程论坛上认知性存在的水平,实现高阶认知和批判性思维培养的目标. 相似文献
19.
Robert L. Moore Cherng-Jyh Yen F. Eamonn Powers 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2021,52(1):482-497
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between clout and cognitive processing in massive open online course (MOOC) discussion forum posts. Cognitive processing, a category variable generated by the automated text analysis tool, Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), is made up of six sub-scores (insight, causation, discrepancy, tentativeness, certainty and differentiation). Clout is a nontransparent summary variable in LIWC that can be used to understand the level of confidence conveyed in the text. Because clout is nontransparent, we do not know the algorithm used to calculate its value. To better understand this variable, this study examined cognitive processing alongside clout. In this study, a series of linear mixed models were fitted to evaluate, after controlling for gender, degree and type of post, if the focal relationship between each sub-score of cognitive processing as the predictor variables and clout as the dependent variable changed across courses with different pacing (self-paced or instructor-paced). Next, the focal relationship between each predictor and clout was examined with or without regard to pacing. Findings showed words classified as showing discrepancy, certainty or differentiation were negatively associated with clout scores. 相似文献
20.
新形势下,线上直播教学成为新的教学形态。但线上直播教学也存在着教师无法对学生学习进行直接监督、持续长时间的在线讲授易使学生失去兴趣等问题,问题导入式教学法因具有引导学生积极参与课堂、教师能更加有针对性地开展教学等优点,成为提高线上直播教学质量的重要方法。在线上直播教学中运用问题导入式教学法需要任课教师重视问题的设计,要尽可能采用封闭式的问题、尽量针对具体案例进行设问、设置需要思考才能回答的问题、设置学生利用现有的知识和经验就能解决的问题。 相似文献