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1.
区域知识基础理论及其对中国区域创新的启示 《科学学研究》2022,40(2):366-375
新冠疫情后复杂的国内外形势对中国区域创新发展提出了新要求，但目前国内传统区域创新理论对知识创造与传播的空间规律认识不足，亟需新的理论方法和政策工具。文章引入了近年来在西方受到广泛关注的区域知识基础理论，其强调区域知识差异化和动态演化的视角对中国有重要借鉴意义。文章首先梳理了区域知识基础的概念内涵，其次从多维特征、演化动力、演化路径三个方面构建理论框架分析了一个地区知识演变的一般规律，剖析了区域知识的规模、结构、质量特征，提出了技术关联和区域制度是影响区域知识演化的主要动力，区域知识基础在二者驱动下表现出“路径依赖——路径锁定——路径突破”的复杂过程，最后探讨了如何运用区域知识基础理论指导中国区域创新政策制订。 相似文献
2.
《Research Policy》2022,51(8):104156
One the one hand, complex technologies offer substantial economic benefits, and on the other, they are difficult to invent and to imitate, and they refuse a fast dissemination. This two-sidedness motivates the idea that regions’ competitive advantages and, in consequence, their economic growth, originate in their ability to produce and utilize complex technologies. However, the relationship between technological complexity and regional economic growth has rarely been empirically investigated. Here, we address this pressing research gap by assessing the complexity of technological activities in 159 European NUTS 2 regions and relating it to their economic growth from 2000 to 2014. Our empirical results suggest that technological complexity is an important predictor of regional economic growth. A 10% increase in complexity is associated with a 0.45% GDP per capita growth. By showing that technological complexity is important for regional economic growth, our results fuel current policy debates about optimal regional policies such as the Smart Specialization strategy. 相似文献
3.
Knowledge has been long cited as a strategic asset and a source of competitive advantage for organizations. However, the creation of knowledge is a complex process that is influenced by several factors beyond the typical practice of knowledge management (KM). In this research, we assess the effects of leadership, Ba (shared context in motion), organizational culture, organizational control, and work style on KM defined in terms of the SECI process of socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization. On the basis of data gathered from a questionnaire survey of a Japanese pharmaceutical company and its subsidiaries in the United States, France, and China, we compare how the aforementioned organizational factors influence the processes of KM in these organizations. The results show that organizational factors affect KM practices differently in each of the targeted countries, and suggest that KM activities need to be tailored to the organizational idiosyncrasies of each local office, without betraying the global vision of the corporation. 相似文献
4.
This paper examines the relationship between the economic growth of European regions and their knowledge and human capital endowments. The share of adult population with tertiary education and the intensity of R&D expenditures in value-added emerge as the most effective factors enhancing the growth of GDP per capita recorded, during 1995–2002, by the regions belonging to twelve countries of the former EU15. However, while the educational variable is effective for the whole regional set, the impact of R&D is significant only for the regions that are above a given threshold of per capita GDP. Moreover, remarkable disparities arise among the regions of different countries. In particular, only within North European countries there is a significant relationship between regional growth and the intensity of R&D and higher education. The policy implications of both findings are discussed. 相似文献
5.
区域作为全球竞争中一种新的竞争单位，其竞争优势的来源问题已经成为目前研究的新课题。本文通过逐层剥离笼罩在区域竞争优势根源外围的因素，认为区域竞争优势最终来源于区域所拥有的知识；在应用组织知识理论对区域知识的类型和特征进行分析的基础上，探讨了基于知识的区域竞争优势形成的内在机理，并指出组份知识只能为区域带来暂时的竞争优势，而体系知识则能为区域提供持续的竞争优势。 相似文献
6.
中国区域创新模式测度及其创新政策再设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于欧盟的知识差异化模型和智慧型创新政策概念，结合对中国区域创新情境的探索性应用，力图对我国区域创新政策体系再设计提供有益的经验。首先，本文回顾了欧洲学者率先提出的知识差异化模型，并对智慧型创新政策在欧盟创新区域的应用进行了翔实阐释；其次，借鉴欧洲区域创新模式分类的测量指标体系，采集客观数据，对我国31个省市（自治区）的区域创新模式进行了量化测度，运用聚类分析法划分了5种“知识差异化”区域创新模式，分别是基于科学的区域、应用型科学区域、创造性应用区域、模仿创新区域以及创新启蒙区域。最后，针对不同区域的创新知识情境及差异化知识特征，对我国区域创新政策体系再设计提出了对策性建议。 相似文献
7.
开放式创新下组织吸收能力概念拓展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
组织通过吸收能力获取与利用外部知识资源是组织竞争力的重要来源。随着开放式创新以及组织与环境间关系的发展变化,既有的吸收能力概念已不适用于组织开放式创新问题的研究。通过对吸收能力研究的前因、过程、产出以及影响因素归纳,结合开放式创新中自外而内、耦合、自内而外三个维度以及研究与开发阶段,提出吸收能力概念可以从过程动态性、学习特点、知识与网络组合属性以及路径特点四个方面进行拓展。就组织开放式创新与吸收能力未来研究提出相关建议。 相似文献
8.
绿色创业导向对绿色竞争优势的影响研究 《科学学研究》2021,39(12):2241-2252
随着绿色创业理论的丰富与完善,绿色创业导向成为绿色创业研究领域的重要议题。基于知识创造螺旋理论,引入绿色知识创造和知识吸收能力作为中介变量和调节变量,构建绿色创业导向对绿色竞争优势影响机制的理论模型。通过对589份调查问卷进行实证分析,结果显示：绿色创业导向对绿色竞争优势具有正向影响;绿色知识创造在绿色创业导向与绿色竞争优势之间起中介作用;知识吸收能力正向调节绿色创业导向与绿色竞争优势、绿色知识创造与绿色竞争优势之间的关系;知识吸收能力正向调节绿色创业导向通过绿色知识创造影响绿色竞争优势的过程。研究结果有助于丰富和拓展绿色创业理论,为绿色创业实践提供指导。 相似文献
9.
Edward J. Malecki 《Research Policy》1981,10(4):312-334
This paper reviews the literature on the location and regional effects of science and technology (S&T) in the context of developed economies. Two processes associated with the creation of new products, agglomeration and spin-off, act to attract further innovative activity in those regions. Other regions, where R&D and related activities do not take place, are unlikely to be the locations of new-product production, and instead will tend to specialize in the production of standardized products. Both corporate and government R&D rely on pools of technical labor for technological and new-product activities; these pools of mobile workers are most attracted to large urban areas. In only some of these areas, however, does the spin-off process result in the generation of new technology-based firms. The availability of local venture capital appears to be the principal influence on this variation. Government policy regarding science and technology has impacts on regions by contributing to the agglomeration of R&D. Government policy also often fails to recognize that S&T policy and industrial policy have regional effects that may be long-term in nature and most detrimental to those regions whose economies are least competitive. Finally, some priorities for future research on innovation in a regional setting are identified. 相似文献
10.
通过对影响信息技术产业竞争优势的关键因素及其关系进行研究,采用结构方程模型和改进的CNN卷积神经网络模型,对2010-2017年中国和东盟代表性国家的信息技术产业上市公司样本数据进行分析.研究发现产业中的创新环境、技术创新以及知识管理均对竞争优势具有正向的影响;同时技术创新在知识管理、创新环境与竞争优势之间起中介作用,知识管理在创新环境与竞争优势之间起中介作用;窗口期内中国和东盟国家信息技术产业创新能力呈现增长趋势,但总体水平仍偏低.据此提出政策建议:进一步激励信息技术创新,加强对我国创新环境以及知识管理的引导和支持,加强区域协作和优势产业互补,在资源互换、人员交流、业务培训上加强互动,推进产学研之间的高效协作,建立起多元、长效的交流合作机制,推动“信息丝绸之路”战略实施,助力中国-东盟自由贸易区的经贸发展. 相似文献
11.
《Research Policy》2022,51(10):104594
Do scientific capabilities in regions translate into technological leadership? This is one of the most pressing questions in academic and policy circles. This paper analyzes the matching of scientific and technological capabilities of 285 European regions. We build on patent and publication records to identify regions that lie both at the scientific and technological frontiers (strongholds), that are pure scientific leaders, pure technological leaders, or just followers in 18 domains. Our regional diversification model shows that local scientific capabilities in a domain are a strong predictor of the development of new technologies in that domain in regions. This finding is particularly relevant for the Smart Specialization policy because it implies that the analysis of domain-specific scientific knowledge can be a powerful tool to identify new diversification opportunities in regions. 相似文献
12.
《Research Policy》2023,52(9):104863
In recent years economic complexity has grown into an active field of fundamental and applied research. Yet, despite important advances, the policy implications of economic complexity can remain unclear or misunderstood. Here I organize the policy implications of economic complexity in a framework grounded on 4 Ws: what approaches, focused on identifying target activities and/or locations; when approaches, focused on the timing of related and unrelated diversification; where approaches, focused on the geographic diffusion of knowledge; and who approaches, focused on the role played by agents of structural change. The goal of this paper is to provide a framework that groups, organizes, and clarifies the policy implications of economic complexity and facilitates its continued use in regional and international development. 相似文献
13.
Michiel Schwarz 《Research Policy》1979,8(3):204-243
This paper discusses the key political issues involved in current and past attempts to come to a common European space programme. The history of European space policy has been characterised by different perceived interests on the national level. In the 1960s financial and above all political problems shattered the ideal of a unified Europe, and European collaboration in space largely failed. Political disagreement — particularly between the three main European space nations, France, F.R. Germany and the United Kingdom — continued into the 1970s. Finally, a renewed attempt for European technological cooperation was made by the setting up of the European Space Agency. Since its creation, in 1974, Europe's space policy has again been facing political uncertainty. As a result of the divergence of national interests and of inappropriate industrial policies at the European level, Europe is now unable to cope with the reality of competitive space markets (satellites, launchers, ground equipment, tracking stations, etc.). If Europe is to become competitive in the commercial space market, industrial policies will have to be altered — with possible profound consequences for the structure and existence of the European Space Agency. If, alternatively, political disagreements about joint European programmes are not resolved, and if Europe as a consequence fails to make a (already late) start in the commercial space sector, the consequences may be far-reaching. The European countries may then either revert to separate national (or bilateral) programmes or become largely dependent on outside suppliers for space technology products. Europe may thus find itself without any share of the world space market. 相似文献
14.
Based on a spatial extension of an R&D investment model, this paper measures the macroeconomic impact of the French R&D policy mix on business R&D using regional data. Our measure takes into account not only the direct effect of policies but also indirect effects generated by the existence of spatial interaction between regions. Using a unique database containing information on the levels of various R&D policy instruments received by firms in French NUTS3 regions over the period 2001–2011, our estimates of a spatial Durbin model with structural breaks and fixed effects reveal the existence of a negative spatial dependence among R&D investments in regions. In this context, while a-spatial estimates would conclude that all instruments have a crowding-in effect, we show that national subsidies are the only instrument that is able to generate significant crowding-in effects. On the contrary, it seems that the design, size and spatial allocation of funds from the other instruments (tax credits, local subsidies, European subsidies) lead them to act (in the French context) as beggar-thy-neighbor policies. 相似文献
15.
G. Mensch 《Research Policy》1978,7(2):108-122
With labour market problems pressing national governments to support private innovation, the market mechanism is reinforced as it sets the rate and direction of innovation: (1) in the mix of improvement innovations in established industries, labour-saving technologies are outnumbering the product innovations that offer additional employment and investment opportunities, and (2) basic innovations are rare (stale-mate in technology), but when they occur they tend to occur in ‘clusters’. The competitive nature of allocative decisions on corporate R&D and innovative investment is complemented by the competitive R&D policy of most European countries. As those decisions concern large-scale, highcomplexity technologies, the perspective that the market mechanism tends to produce them in ‘clusters’ poses serious problems of timing, spacing, and — of course — of value judgement about alternative technological developments in the European context. These strategic problems of innovation policy have risen to such a level of potential conflict that they need harmonization. 相似文献
16.
对知识和知识创造与转化过程的管理是现时代赢得竞争优势和企业运作的哲学,但企业在实施知识管理过程中应避免陷入一些似是而非的陷阱。从创新和隐性资产管理的角度比从信息技术的角度研究知识管理能够更好地理解知识管理。知识管理可以促进创新和变化。知识管理系统可以促进知识管理过程和创新过程而促进知识管理。不同的公司有不同的知识管理办法。即使有关公司所面临的问题是相似的,这些不同的公司可能也会采取不同的知识管理实践。 相似文献
17.
Research collaboration at a distance: Changing spatial patterns of scientific collaboration within Europe 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
This study analyses the changing effect of physical distance and territorial borders (regional, national, language) on the intensity of research collaboration across European regions. Using data on all co-publications between 313 regions in 33 European countries for the period 2000-2007, we find that the bias to collaborate with physically proximate partners did not decrease, while the bias towards collaboration within territorial borders did decrease over time. Our results show that the ongoing process of European integration is removing territorial borders, but does not render collaboration less sensitive to physical distance. Given this general trend, there is considerable heterogeneity between regions and countries in their propensity to collaborate which we attribute to differences in size, quality and accessibility. The findings and conclusions are framed within the context of European research policies. 相似文献
18.
随着经济的发展和专业化分工日益精细,智慧专业化战略为区域科技政策和科技战略发展提供了一个全新思路。智慧专业化战略是一个充满活力和生机的概念,作为“欧盟2020”战略主要框架在欧洲地区得到广泛的宣传和实践。基于智慧专业化战略提出背景,分析智慧专业化战略的概念演进及其特征,探讨其对区域创新驱动发展的影响。从智慧专业化战略的内涵和逻辑结构分析智慧专业化战略的本质,从政策制定和步骤研究分析智慧专业化战略的实施,从评价内容、评价标准和评价模型分析智慧专业化战略的评价。通过介绍国外智慧专业化战略实施方面的案例,为我国区域创新驱动发展提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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20.
区域创新系统信用环境的营造 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
区域经济发展依靠区域创新系统的创新能力 ,创新能力不但依靠创新投入 ,还与区域创新环境密切相关。信用环境是区域创新系统环境的重要组成部分 ,本文从创新企业的创立、创新系统知识流动和创新企业成长环境等方面阐明良好的信用环境对创新系统的重要作用。在分析我国信用环境状况的基础上 ,提出道德建设 ,法制建设和中介机构建设是提高我国区域创新系统信用环境的重要措施 相似文献