共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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错觉1 平面镜成像时,物距越大,所成的像越小,如图1. 错觉2 放大镜成像时,放大的虚像比物体更近,如图2. 错觉3 凸透镜既能成正立的虚像也能成倒立的虚像. ①当物距u相似文献
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我们在日常生活中经常能体验到错觉.一个典型的例子是太阳或月亮在地平线上时看上去要比在高空中大得多.古人对这个现象的解释是太阳或月亮在地平线 相似文献
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《初中生世界(初三物理版)》2006,(12)
当你注意某个物体时,它周围的一切似乎不那么突出了.物体看上去是确实的,有着明显的边缘,而背景则仿佛在物体背后模糊地展开.这些圆柱使你得到相反的感觉:首先将圆柱看成物体,然后又将侧影看成物体.请注视那排圆柱之间的空间,你会在每两根柱之间看到“天使”的侧影.这种现象称为物体——背景错觉.天使柱 相似文献
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物体对支持物的压力 (或对悬挂物的拉力 )大于 (或小于 )物体所受的重力的情况称之为超重 (或失重 ) .理论计算表明 ,当物体有向上的加速度a>0时 ,物体将处于超重状态 ,物体对支持物的作用力大小比重力大ma(通常称之为超重ma) .同理当物体有向下的加速度时 ,物体将处于失重状态 ,物体对支持物的作用力大小比其重力小ma(通常称为失重ma) .超重、失重概念是一个非常有用的概念 ,如果我们能够对它加以巧妙地利用 ,将能使有些问题的解决变得简单、快速 .例 1 如图 1所示装置 ,两球质量都是m ,且绕竖直轴做同样的圆锥摆运动 ,木块质量… 相似文献
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图形背景理论是心理学知识,后来被用来解释语言结构的意义。图形背景理论在句法上体现为图形背景的二分关系,图形和背景的分离遵循一定的原则。即小的、移动的、完形的物体通常被视为图形,大的、固定的、没有边界的物体被理解为背景。本文即从威廉布莱克的一首小诗切入,采用认知语言学方法,并分析它的篇章特点和独特的图形背景的转换,以及其对诗歌主题的诠释和升华。 相似文献
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主观轮廓的研究及其理论 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
任旭明 《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》1996,4(4)
主观轮廓是指在物理刺激为同质的视野中知觉到的轮廓,又称认知轮廓或错觉轮廓.斯克曼(Schumann)在1904年首次描述了主观轮廓现象;1955年意大利心理学家凯尼查(Kanizsa)提出了主观轮廓最著名的例证.其后,许多心理学家对主观轮廓现象进行了理论上的解释,提出了众多假说,他们从不同的角度,以不同的手段和方法,试图揭示主观轮廓的形成机制.迄今为止,主观轮廓的理论假说可分为两大类:一为认知解释,认为主观轮廓发生在中枢神经系统,包括格式塔假说、认知假说、深度线索假说等,二为生理解释,认为主观轮廓发生在外周神经系统,包括特征觉察假说、侧抑制明度对比假说,高空间频率过滤假说等. 相似文献
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《两小儿辩日》叙述了古时候,两个小孩凭着自己的直觉,一个认为太阳在早晨离人近,一个认为太阳在中午离人近,为此,各持一端,争执不下,就连孔子这样博学的人也不能作出判断。其实,早晨和中午的太阳距离地球的远近是一样的。为什么早晨的太阳看起来较中午时大呢?这是视觉的差误、错觉。同一个物体,放在比它大的物体群中显得小,而放在比它小的物体群中显得大。同样道理,早晨的太阳,从地平线上升起来背衬的是树木、房屋及远山和一小角天空,在这样的比较下,此时太阳显得大。而中午太阳高高升起,广阔无垠的天空是背衬,此时太阳就显得小了。其次,同… 相似文献
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戴金龙 《初中生世界(初三物理版)》2004,(14)
一、在什么情况下会产生摩擦力?相互接触的物体由于接触面的材料和光滑程度的不同,就有可能产生相互影响的因素。那什么时候会产生摩擦力呢?(一)相互接触的物体的接触面一定要是不光滑的。在实际生活中,绝对光滑的表面是没有的。实际生活中的“光滑”是理想化的,或是摩擦非常小,可以忽略不计。例如小球在平玻璃表面滚动时,“玻璃”就暗示不考虑摩擦。但物体在地面上运动时,“地面”就暗示存在着摩擦。(二)相互接触的物体要相对运动。当一个物体在另一静止物体表面滑动时,摩擦力总是要阻碍物体的相对运动的。例如在1中,箱子在草地上向右滑动… 相似文献
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文章以34名大学生为被试,采用2(150%,50%)×2(场独立,场依存)被试间实验设计探讨了不同认知风格大学生艾宾浩斯错觉的眼动特点。结果表明:(1)不同的认知风格对艾宾浩斯错觉判断正确量有影响,并且在眼动指标上存在差异;(2)测验成分和诱导成分之间的大小比例对艾宾浩斯错觉正确量有影响,并且在眼动指标上存在差异;(3)诱导成分和测验成分之间距离不同时对艾宾浩斯错觉正确量无显著影响,并且在眼动指标上也不存在显著差异。 相似文献
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Visual illusions are objects that are made up of elements that are arranged in such a way as to result in erroneous perception of the objects’ physical properties. Visual illusions are used to study visual perception in humans and nonhuman animals, since they provide insight into the psychological and cognitive processes underlying the perceptual system. In a set of three experiments, we examined whether dogs were able to learn a relational discrimination and to perceive the Müller-Lyer illusion. In Experiment 1, dogs were trained to discriminate line lengths using a two-alternative forced choice procedure on a touchscreen. Upon learning the discrimination, dogs’ generalization to novel exemplars and the threshold of their abilities were tested. In the second experiment, dogs were presented with the Müller-Lyer illusion as test trials, alongside additional test trials that controlled for overall stimulus size. Dogs appeared to perceive the illusion; however, control trials revealed that they were using global size to solve the task. Experiment 3 presented modified stimuli that have been known to enhance perception of the illusion in other species. However, the dogs’ performance remained the same. These findings reveal evidence of relational learning in dogs. However, their failure to perceive the illusion emphasizes the importance of using a full array of control trials when examining these paradigms, and it suggests that visual acuity may play a crucial role in this perceptual phenomenon. 相似文献
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积极幻觉是积极心理学的重要组成部分,是个体在生活中或在面临威胁性情景、压力性事件时所做出的一种对自我、现实生活和未来的消极方面的认知过滤。它主要包括自我概念的理想化、夸大对可控性的感知和不现实的乐观三种表现形式。问卷法是目前研究积极幻觉的主要方法。积极幻觉对人类和个体有着重要意义,主要涉及选择性注意、良性遗忘、容忍能力不足和消极自我图式等认知加工过程。相关研究主要集中在生理与心理健康、恋爱关系、学业成绩以及跨文化领域。未来的研究方向是丰富积极幻觉的负性研究,拓展积极认知的研究领域,开发本土化的测量工具等。 相似文献
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Animated models explicating how a problem is solved and why a particular method is chosen are expected to be effective learning
tools for novices, especially when abstract cognitive processes or concepts are involved. Cognitive load theory was used to
investigate how learners could be stimulated to engage in genuine learning activities. It was hypothesized that illusion of
control would impede transfer performance compared to a condition without illusion of control. Moreover, we hypothesized that
learners who first studied an animated model and then solved the same problem would perform better on transfer than learners
who studied the same animated model twice or who first solved the problem and then studied the animated model. In a 2 × 3
factorial experiment (N = 90) with the factors illusion of control (yes vs. no) and instruction method (study–practice, practice–study, study–study) only the first hypothesis was confirmed. Implications for the design of animated
models are discussed. 相似文献
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艾宾浩斯与巴特莱特记忆研究之比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
陈华峰 《株洲师范高等专科学校学报》2002,(1)
记忆研究先驱艾宾浩斯和巴特莱特都处在联想主义盛行的时代。艾氏接受联想主义,而巴氏反对之。通过比较发现:(1)虽然基本观点不同,但由于强调的侧重点不同,巴氏并没有推翻艾氏的观点。研究都属于长时记忆,且主要是显性记忆。艾氏强调的是保持的量,而巴氏强调的是保持的质。(2)观点各异主要源于实验方法的不同,艾氏使用的是无意义音节和节省测量法,而巴氏使用的是接近日常生活情境的有意义材料。(3)对内隐记忆都有所提及,艾氏提出了有效的测量方法──节省法;巴氏对记忆的社会决定作用进行了研究。简言之,开辟了两条记忆研究的道路。 相似文献
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情绪对心理倾向影响的研究综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
朱诗敏 《广东教育学院学报》2008,28(1):27-32
近20年来,心理学者做了许多关于情绪和心理倾向的研究,其中部分研究反映了在不同情绪下注意、记忆与判断偏好所受的影响。研究发现在情绪下人们倾向注意与情绪一致的事物;在记忆的研究中提出心境一致性记忆及其解释理论;在判断偏好研究中发现与情绪性质一致的偏向性。但是,也有部分研究结果呈现心境不一致效应。这些分歧让情绪对心理倾向的影响研究将在研究对象、研究方法以及生理机制的探讨上进一步深入。 相似文献
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本文研究中国学习者加工句子层面的英汉汉英宾语语码转换时的认知神经机制。结果表明(1)加工英汉语码转换时,转换后的单词诱发更大P200和N400;(2)加工汉英语码转换时,转换后的单词诱发更大的LAN和LPC;(3)英汉汉英转换代价的非对称性表现在汉英比英汉语码转换产生更大的P200、LAN和LPC。据此,我们认为在句子层面存在英汉汉英宾语语码转换效应及其非对称性,并基于IC 模型与BIA+模型,构建了宾语语码转换的加工模型。 相似文献
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Economic Hardship and the Development of Five- and Six-Year-Olds: Neighborhood and Regional Perspectives 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The present study examines the association between neighborhood characteristics and the development of 5- and 6-year-olds. We also explore how region might moderate the effects of neighborhoods on children, thus considering both larger (regional) and smaller (community) contexts of families. We find that structural aspects of the neighborhood at the census tract level are associated with child development in the early school-age period. For the sample as a whole, neighborhood factors play a role in both cognitive and socioemotional outcomes, even when family factors are controlled. Yet only modest support for neighborhood influences on child development is evident in our main effects models. It appears that neighborhood influences on child development are underestimated or masked unless the associations are examined separately by two areas of the United States: the Midwest and Northeast versus the South and West. Significant associations between neighborhood variables and children's development are seen in the Northeastern and Midwestern regions, but less so in the Southern and Western regions of the United States. Greater economic and social resources as measured by average neighborhood SES (income, education, occupation) and greater ethnic congruity as measured by more neighbors of the same racial heritage as the child are related to higher cognitive functioning, but only in the Northeast and Midwest. Furthermore, children in these regions show more competent behavioral functioning when the relative presence of adults to children in the neighborhood is higher. In these regions, African-American but not white children show higher levels of behavior problems when community male joblessness rates are higher. We speculate about processes that might underlie these neighborhood and regional effects and point to directions for further research. 相似文献
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BSP树在计算机图形学中应用于视点运动三维场景显示的计算。一般BSP树以递归的方式对平面进行分割,但实际应用的三维场景复杂度较高,也就使得树的复杂度非常高,预处理时间长。文章针对三维场景模型渲染速度慢的问题,基于空间BSP树的理论基础,通过引入包围体的方法使场景中的物体能够快速实现空间二分树划分,进而提高渲染速度。通过实验比较直接渲染和包围体渲染的速度,验证了引入包围体能够缩小预处理时间,提高场景的渲染速度。 相似文献