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1.
Sandra Collins 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(3):357-374
Modern Japan has considered global sport an appropriate forum for not only defining the national cultural identity of Japan but also for conducting its international diplomacy. The recent phenomenon of Japanese baseball athletes ‘defecting’ from Japanese leagues to play for the American baseball leagues has often been described in political terms. This paper argues that the current trend of analysing Japanese nationals playing baseball in America in political terms can be historically contextualized by reviewing the bids by Japanese cities for the 1940, 1964, 1998 and 2016 Olympic Games. 相似文献
2.
Satoshi Shimizu 《国际体育史杂志》2014,31(6):601-617
Since the first Modern Olympics in 1896 only a few cities have hosted or will host the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games more than once: London, Paris, Los Angeles, Athens and Tokyo. There is no doubt that the improvements in infrastructures and structural changes that were carried out for Tokyo in preparation for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics demonstrated that ‘Japan was experiencing remarkable economic growth’. The ‘development’ of Tokyo, 97% of the Olympic budget being earmarked for improvements to infrastructures, resulted in excessively centralised politics and economics. Looking at the bidding process to host the 2016 and 2020 Olympics, it can be seen that various expectations of sports are political in nature: from the political problem of remembering legacies as mere representations to the current situation of a nation basing its presence on involvement in the Olympics. The Sports Promotion Act enacted in 1961 was revised 50 years later, and policies on sport came to be regarded as national strategies. The new act became the basis for establishing the Sports Agency and specified governmental support for hosting the international sporting events it promotes. The time has come to seriously consider the necessity of critically arguing about nationalism, as well as how to determine the relationship between a nation and sport in terms of sport governance. 相似文献
3.
新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(以下简称"疫情")下的体育叙事,不仅要阐发疫情期间体育事件及其社会意义,更应揭示不同体育要素在社会发展中的功能与作用,将对体育现实问题的思考转化为未来体育转型的应对策略。基于叙事的角度,以访谈的方式,探讨体育产业发展、东京奥运会延期、体育组织治理、奥运备战、居家体育、体育在线教学、体育中考等热点事件和话题。认为:①疫情对体育产业的影响呈现持续性、结构性、社会性等特征,在"转危为机"的话语下,应借助政府的积极行为,实现体育行业与体育产业的多层次融合,增强对消费端的刺激,提高体育企业的抗风险能力,最大程度地释放后疫情时代体育产业发展动力;②东京奥运会延期举办凸显国际奥委会内部治理的困境与危机,引发对中国体育赛事治理效能的思考,给奥运备战带来挑战,促使运动训练由传统化模式向集群化工业模式转变;③空间重叠与权力空间渗透造就居家体育的特殊"脱域"空间,成为"家庭-学校-社区"体育互动发展的催化剂,引发体育教学、社区体育、群众体育活动方式的改变,形成自觉行为更高的群众体育"在地化"驱动模式;④在疫情防控期间,体育话语在不同语境中的表达、转型与辩驳为体育话语转为文化资源提供契机,促进文化与体育的互动与整合,深刻影响人们的体育观念。 相似文献
4.
《Sport in History》2013,33(1):134-156
At the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, the Japanese women's volleyball won the gold medal, which in many ways can be viewed as an epoch-making event in Japanese post-war sporting history. This article explores the background to that victory, revealing a corporate history of the sport with a prominent role played by Japanese cotton textile companies. It argues that gold medal success at the 1964 Olympics was the result of a history of corporate investment in women's volleyball, in particular by one company, Nichibō Corporation, and tells the Olympic story with a focus on the personal recollections of the women's volleyball team captain, Kasai Masae. Finally, it evaluates the impact that Olympic victory had on the popularity and strength of women's volleyball in Japan in the decades after 1964. 相似文献
5.
东京奥运会后的日本体育发展给我们的启示--兼论2008年北京奥运会后我国的体育方针 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
本研究在全面考察战后日本的体育方针及体育发展的基础上，重点剖析了东京奥运会后日本的体育方针与体育发展之间的关系，并对北京奥运会后我国发展体育适宜采取的方针进行了探讨。东京奥运会后的日本体育发展表明，对于体育是外来文化的国家，奥运会后发展体育应当兼顾“普及”和“提高”，不可厚此薄彼。综观今后我国的社会发展和体育发展，北京奥运会后适宜采取“普及为重点，各类体育协调发展”的方针发展体育。 相似文献
6.
7.
Nikoletta Onyestyák 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(7):757-773
Olympic sport is a double-edged sword. It has the potential to bring nations together and to transmit values, but it can also demonstrate international political tensions and conflicting national structural characteristics. As part of the International Olympic Movement from the very beginning, Hungary is one of the few nations to have taken part in the (Summer) Olympic Games in London for the third time. The Olympic presence of Hungary has been almost continuous in spite of the significant transformations of its state ideology, sport structures and political background. In 1908, within the framework of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the Hungarian Kingdom endeavoured to demonstrate its autonomy and courage with its memorable Olympic successes in London. A People's Republic was being formed in Hungary at the time of the second London Olympic Games in 1948. The socialist ideology and the self-display of socialist–communist ambitions characterised the preparation and the participation of the Hungarian athletes. Hungary is celebrating the year of its third London Games with a democratic system in the background, built up from 1989, and a new Constitution adopted in 2011. Furthermore, the Hungarian Sport Act was renewed in 2012, due to which the Hungarian Olympic Committee has gained increased power, which might provide new ways of solving the financial problems within Hungarian elite sport. 相似文献
8.
The management of the Olympic Games has changed significantly since the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. The introduction of commercialisation probably saved the Olympic Games from a fateful crisis. It brought financial stability and attracted cities to bid for the Games. On the other hand, the impact of hosting the Olympic Games increased as more stakeholders became involved in its management. In addition, the global community became concerned about environmental issues. Global organisations including the International Olympic Committee (IOC) were required to take actions towards sustainable development. In this context, the debate regarding the Olympic legacy became of interest among stakeholders and researchers. The IOC introduced indicators to measure impact and legacy, which is now referred to as Olympic Games Impact (OGI). However, there are some issues in the current OGI study. This paper aims to suggest a theoretical approach which would contribute to solve the issues by focusing on sustainable sport legacy as an example. The proposed theoretical approach is focusing on event objective and analysing the relationship between sport policy and sport legacy development concentrated on the process and opportunity rather than the outcome. 相似文献
9.
AbstractThis paper discusses the processes underpinning the evolutionary development of sport climbing in recent decades, with a particular focus on the impact of its inclusion in the Olympic Games. New institutionalism and resource-dependence theory provide an analytical and explanatory framework for this study. The research adopted a qualitative method strategy comprising a series of interviews and the analysis of documents, reports, press and social media. The recent inclusion of the sport in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic programme has created challenges, primarily because of strong values inherent within the sport. The research, however, shows that the values of a sport can expand and develop in order to fit the regulatory legitimacy required by inclusion in the Olympic Games. Nonetheless, the research also shows that involvement with the IOC raises questions about who ‘owns’ the sport. 相似文献
10.
Sport has proven to be an unstoppable globalising force. The Olympic Movement has come to epitomise modernisation and the extent to which Western sport has become globalised. The philosophy of Olympism, once resting upon just two pillars of Excellence in Sport and Culture has since 1994 been underpinned by a third, the Environment. All of the Olympic Games host cities now have to support a responsible concern for environmental issues and with that the very sustainability of ‘our’ culture, and sport itself. They must do so by bequeathing a holistic positive legacy from their Games. This paper will analyse the three ‘Asian’ Olympic Summer Olympic Games – Tokyo 1964, Seoul 1988 and Beijing 2008 – by looking at the cultural, sporting and environmental legacies each has left. The discussion of the concept of sustainability as an element of culture will embrace Littig and Griessler’s idea that social sustainability is about the quality of societies expressed through the nature-society relationships and is not merely an economically based notion.1 In this paper we consider the three Asian Summer Olympic Games. Each has been related to a specific nodal point in the host country's national history, as a means of illustrating, indeed emphasising, the always unique impacts of context on event and process. Yet we propose that, locked as they are in distinct epochs and differing cultural, political and economic contexts, they are nonetheless marked in common by an Asian discourse heavily reliant upon economic and nationalistic motivations. The progressive analysis of each Games demonstrates that although each was unique, particularly in regards to the expectations stakeholders had of ‘their Olympics’, all three host nations represented themselves as ‘modern hybrids’ by simultaneously demonstrating their modernised characters and emphasising their ancient cultures. The analysis demonstrates the holistic impact of these events by reference to the wide range of economic, social, cultural and sporting changes that have emerged for each host from each festival. The evaluation of the nature and significance of these legacies reemphasises the impact of the Olympic Games as a vehicle for social change and illustrates the transformative power of sport at national and global levels. 相似文献
11.
In general, women are well represented among sport participants and sport audiences but not in the media. Data show that women's sport is greatly underreported and trivialized in newspapers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure press coverage during the 2000 Summer Olympic Games in the largest circulating Belgian, Danish, French, and Italian daily newspapers by: (a) number of articles, (b) size, (c) page placement, (d) accompanying photographs, and (e) photograph size. For each sport covered, the athletes' nationality and the gender were recorded. Compared to the 1996 Atlanta Games, there was an increase of 326 female athletes (+4%), and women competed in 25 sports and 132 events (44%) of the total 300 events. Although only 29.3% of the articles and 38% of photos were on women's sports, the newspaper coverage was similar to the distribution of participating athletes and events. No significant gender differences were found with respect to article size, page placement, accompanying photographs, or photograph size. The most covered sport was track and field, independent of national achievement. Other sports received different coverage in relation to national expectations, achievement, and participation. In conclusion, there was a trend to overcome gender inequities in media coverage during the Olympic Games, which may be due to the International Olympic Committee's actions to promote increased participation of women in sport activities and to publicize their achievements. Moreover, during the Olympic Games, a nationalistic fervor might affect the equality of gender coverage. 相似文献
12.
Roy Panagiotopoualou 《体育与科学》2007,28(1):38-40
本文试图介绍希腊女子体育的发展和职业体育的发展。此外,还要介绍非竞技体育的参与情况和女性以观众、球迷或志愿者身份来参加比赛的这一新的兴趣增长情况。2004年奥运会对所有这些发展都起到了积极的推动作用。 相似文献
13.
Capranica L Minganti C Billat V Hanghoj S Piacentini MF Cumps E Meeusen R 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2005,76(2):212-223
In general, women are well represented among sport participants and sport audiences but not in the media. Data show that women's sport is greatly underreported and trivialized in newspapers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure press coverage during the 2000 Summer Olympic Games in the largest circulating Belgian, Danish, French, and Italian daily newspapers by: (a) number of articles, (b) size, (c) page placement, (d) accompanyingphotographs, and (e) photograph size. For each sport covered, the athletes' nationality and the gender were recorded. Compared to the 1996 Atlanta Games, there was an increase of 326 female athletes (+4 %), and women competed in 25 sports and 132 events (44 %) of the total 300 events. Although only 29.3 % of the articles and 38 % of photos were on women 's sports, the newspaper coverage was similar to the distribution of participating athletes and events. No significant gender differences were found with respect to article size, page placement, accompanying photographs, or photograph size. The most covered sport was track and field, independent of national achievement. Other sports received different coverage in relation to national expectations, achievement, and participation. In conclusion, there was a trend to overcome gender inequities in media coverage during the Olympic Games, which may be due to the International Olympic Committee's actions to promote increased participation of women in sport activities and to publicize their achievements. Moreover, during the Olympic Games, a nationalistic fervor might affect the equality of gender coverage. 相似文献
14.
Capranica L Tessitore A D AE Cortis C Casella R Camilleri E Pesce C 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2008,79(1):101-115
This study aimed at determining the amount of Italian television coverage dedicated to men's and women's sport and the number of male and female viewers during the 2004 Summer Olympic Games. AUDITEL-AGB Nielsen Media Research Italia provided the TV airtime data for the sport events broadcast, which were classified into three categories: men-only, women-only, and mixed-gender. The viewer sample was divided by age and gender and included three audience parameters: mean audience, share, and appreciation index. The last item is calculated from the program duration, audience permanence, and the share related to programs broadcast by other Italian channels. In particular, the appreciation index was used to investigate the relationship between (a) the viewer's and sport participants' gender and (b) the effect of Italian participation and expectations for sport achievement. The data showed that Italian male athletes outnumbered their female counterparts. Women's sport was allotted significantly less airtime than men's sport, but this imbalance was not proportional to the gender difference in the overall athletes' participation in the Games. Although the female audience represented 45% of the total, a significantly higher male mean audience and share were found. On the other hand, the appreciation of men's and women's sport events was balanced after equating for differences in media coverage. Moreover sport achievement might have a positive effect on the trend toward equality of gender coverage, indicating that a global multisport event such as the Olympic Games is central to communicating a national image and identity independently of the athletes' gender. 相似文献
15.
奥运会是世界体育发展的风向标和展示窗口。进入21世纪,奥运会举办成本不断攀升,让许多申办国望而却步,同时,还有许多新项目期盼能够跻身于规模庞大的奥林匹克舞台。研究采用文献资料等方法对夏季奥运会项目设置的演变历程和2020东京奥运会项目设置的变动特征进行梳理,探讨2020东京奥运会项目变化对我国奥运战略的影响。研究认为,2020东京奥运会项目变动具有如下特征：项目设置规模空前、注重吸纳新潮运动项目、重视利益相关者;对我国奥运战略的直接影响是既增设了一些有利于我国运动员夺牌的优势项目,也增设了一些竞争对手的优势项目。间接影响,是有助于重塑国家体育形象,传统体育项目受到削弱但新兴体育项目拓展迎来机遇。基于此,研究从政策设计、人才选用、保障措施等角度提出建议。 相似文献
16.
This study aimed at determining the amount of Italian television coverage dedicated to men's and women's sport and the number of male and female viewers during the 2004 Summer Olympic Games. AUDITEL-AGB Nielsen Media Research Italia provided the TV airtime data for the sport events broadcast, which were classified into three categories: men-only, women-only, and mixed-gender. The viewer sample was divided by age and gender and included three audience parameters: mean audience, share, and appreciation index. The last item is calculated from the program duration, audience permanence, and the share related to programs broadcast by other Italian channels. In particular, the appreciation index was used to investigate the relationship between (a) the viewer's and sport participants' gender and (b) the effect of Italian participation and expectations for sport achievement. The data showed that Italian male athletes outnumbered their female counterparts. Women's sport was allotted significantly less airtime than men's sport, but this imbalance was not proportional to the gender difference in the overall athletes' participation in the Games. Although the female audience represented 45% of the total, a significantly higher male mean audience and share were found. On the other hand, the appreciation of men's and women's sport events was balanced after equating for differences in media coverage. Moreover, sport achievement might have a positive effect on the trend toward equality of gender coverage, indicating that a global multisport event such as the Olympic Games is central to communicating a national image and identity independently of the athletes' gender. 相似文献
17.
奥运会备战是为我国竞技体育在奥运会上取得优异成绩的重要准备工作。随着国际体育法治的发展和奥运会体育纠纷解决的法治化,以及近年来我国在奥运会和其他国际大赛中遭遇的体育纠纷不断增加,通过奥运会法律备战,为中国体育代表团参加奥运会提供全方位的法律保障已经成为奥运会备战的重要需求。文章采用文献资料法、案例分析法等方法,就我国奥运会法律备战的必要性、奥运会法律保障周期划分、奥运会法律备战的基本内容等进行了深入的分析。研究认为,在我国奥运会备战中,应该增加法律备战的内容,以东京奥运会为契机建立起包括奥运会在内的国际大型体育赛事的法律备战机制,成立奥运会体育法律团队,制定奥运会法律保障策略,为中国体育代表团在奥运会前、奥运会中和奥运会后的一定时间段提供全方位的法律保障。 相似文献
18.
2012伦敦奥运会筹办最突出的特征是其社会参与的多样性和广泛性。这与其奥运会组织者提出的办一届"每个人奥运会"的愿景具有内在的逻辑联系,旨在让奥运会从筹办开始就成为每一个人可以真切体验的事件,化为自己的生活经历,从而认同和选择奥运所提倡的通过参与体育促进个体发展,改善生活方式的理念。为了保证奥运筹办因社会广泛而多样的参与形成共识和合力,避免可能出现的冲突。伦敦奥运会的组织者为之设立了既能表达意见又能保持共识的法制平台,既分工明确又相互合作的组织机制,鼓励多元共享的参与方式及公开透明的筹办氛围。伦敦奥运会的筹办模式对目前奥运会等大型体育赛事的运作和体育参与中出现的问题,有很强的针对性,值得认真借鉴。 相似文献
19.
王光阁 《武汉体育学院学报》2020,54(8):89-93
基于对运动员参加奥运会权益内容及重要意义的分析,探讨了东京奥运会延期对处于获得奥运参赛资格边缘的运动员、存在损伤及濒临退役运动员以及兴奋剂处罚时限到期运动员参赛权益的具体影响。经分析发现,因疫情导致奥运资格赛的推迟和取消,影响了部分运动员的参赛计划、切断了其大部分的经济收入;对存在损伤和兴奋剂处罚时限到期的运动员而言,奥运延期给予该类运动员时间红利,使其有更大的几率获得东京奥运会的参赛资格;对濒临退役的运动员而言,年龄和体能都将成为他们获得更好竞技成绩的阻碍因素。针对以上影响,提出以下几点应对措施：（1）多维联动应对资格选拔规则的变化;（2）科学技术与训练理论的结合调控;（3）重点强化体能训练和心理状态调整;（3）加强对兴奋剂工作管理的力度;（4）做好延期期间运动员的保障工作。 相似文献
20.
随着现代奥运会不断地趋向于政治化、职业化、商品化,竞技中的异化现象日益凸显出来。从对“人奥运”理念内涵的理解,揭示现代竞技异化现象,指出“人奥运”理念有助于竞技人性的复归,促进竞技运动和谐、健康发展。 相似文献