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1.
教育政策的形成是一个利益博弈、整合与表达的过程,教育政策主体面对不同的利益诉求需要作出一定的抉择。改革开放以来,我国中小学教师在职教育政策价值,经历了由注重补偿和适应向注重引导和超越转变、由重视学科知识的掌握向重视教育能力的提高转变、由倚重单一培训模式向倡导多元培训模式转变、由培养和培训的二元分离向教师教育一体化转变的演进路径。展望未来,中小学教师在职教育政策将从学历补偿走向基于终身教育理念的教师自我发展、从工作关注走向基于人文关怀理念的教师个性关注、从职业提升走向基于生涯发展理论的生涯设计与管理。 相似文献
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本文通过对在职教师参与有偿补习政策文件的梳理,结合博弈论中"监察博弈"模型、"目标冲突"和"信息不对称"理论对学校和在职教师间在影子教育获得上的利益关系困境进行分析,得出当学校对在职教师有偿补习的监察成本高于收益时,学校便会放弃监察,当成本低于收益时便会采取监管措施,这很好的解释了目前依然存在的在职教师有偿补习的行为,并与实证分析得出的结果相一致,最后从提高学校和在职教师博弈的理性水平和改变博弈收益分配,摆脱关系困境,两方面给出相应的政策建议. 相似文献
3.
免费师范生教育政策的提出是缘于师范教育的边缘化，其目的是为了提高农村中小学的教学质量。这一政策推行以来对教师的职业期望、预期收入、教育成本等三个方面均产生一定影响。教师供给是个系统工程，应当是数量和质量的结合。 相似文献
4.
根据人力资本理论关于教育投资的主要观点:教育投资是人力资本投入的核心,对教师进行正规教育和职业培训是教育投资的重要内容。这一观点为许多国家教师供给相关政策的制定夯实了深厚的理论基础,对我国提升西部农村学前教师的供给质量有着重要的启示:学前教育是人力资本形成与积累的基础性环节;学前期是进行人力资本投资的最有效、最佳的时期;对西部农村学前教师的合理补偿供给,对西部农村的反贫困有重大意义。 相似文献
5.
论我国大学生就业政策的有效供给 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大学生就业政策的供给既可能是有效的,也可能是无效的。政策成本与政策品质是大学生就业政策有效供给的两个重要条件;成本过高的政策供给固然不是有效的供给,成本低廉但品质低劣的政策供给也是无效供给。要促进大学生就业政策的有效供给,需要政府明晰自己在大学生就业中的有限权力与能力;要提升政策供给主体的知识存量和政策供给技术水平;要优化大学生就业中各利益主体的利益表达途径;要研究和优化大学生就业政策供给的文化环境。 相似文献
6.
政策目标的实现有赖于政策工具的合理使用.研究者以我国1999-2020年间的95份国家层面中小学教师培训政策文本为对象,从政策工具和培训管理要素两个维度对我国中小学教师培训政策文本进行量化分析.结果 表明,我国中小学教师培训政策工具使用存在明显的不均衡性,能力建设工具过度使用,激励性工具和象征劝诫工具使用不足;政策工具在培训管理要素上存在配置差异.为更好地发挥政策的工具性价值,提升中小学教师培训政策的执行效果,建议适当调整政策工具结构,扩大成果转化政策工具供给,加强培训规划和效果评估政策供给,并保持政策工具运用的统一性与连续性. 相似文献
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改革开放以来我国中小学教师在职教育政策经历了恢复与初建、调整与改革、深化与完善三个时期,每一时期均有其特征与问题。纵观三十多年教师在职教育政策的变迁,教师在职教育政策的制定与社会发展及变革有着内在关系,基础教育改革与发展是直接推力。 相似文献
9.
在市场经济条件下，教师供给是劳动者人力资本投资的个人行为。影响教师供给的四大因素是：预期收入、机会成本、受教育成本和生活、工作条件。以此为基础进行实证分析研究，明确我国教师供给的现状、教师教育和管理制度的弊端及改革措施，明确我国教师供给的调整应遵循人力资本投资与收益对等的原则。 相似文献
10.
博士研究生教育个人投资成本收益分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本对博士研究生教育个人投资的成本收益曲线、个人投资成本收益模型、博士生教育成本收益计算进行了理论性的分析。目前，对博士研究生教育的需求大大高于供给，博生人的个人成本补偿较小，收益较大，成本补偿空间较大，因此，加大个人教育成本补偿，同时加大社会、政府对博士生教育的投资，是我国博士生教育发展的一个较好的模式。 相似文献
11.
中国高等教育的两类供求及其均衡模式与政策选择 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文分析了高等教育两类供求的性质、影响因素及其相互关系,并通过实证分析反映了中国高等教育的两类供求矛盾的现状、发展趋势以及两类供求背道而驰的特征,同时指出中国目前存在着一种高等教育供求矛盾的自动调节机制,它在客观上起到了缓解高等教育供求矛盾的作用。在此基础上,本文进一步分析了寻求中国高等教育供求均衡的几种模式与政策取向,提出应尽快建立起大学毕业生就业情况跟踪调查与信息反馈机制,在掌握充分的事实依据的基础上,反思与调整我国目前的高等教育供求政策。 相似文献
12.
Nicole Mockler 《教育政策杂志》2018,33(2):262-278
Amid the growing ‘teacher quality’ discourse, early career teachers have increasingly been positioned as problematic in Australian education policy discourses over the past decade. This paper uses a critical policy historiography approach to compare representations of early career teachers in two key education policy documents, from the late 1990s and mid-2010s. Starting with the Government response to A Class Act: Inquiry into the Status of the Teaching Profession (1998) and moving to the Government response to Action Now: Classroom Ready Teachers (2015), it explores changing representations in the context of broader shifts in education policy related to teachers’ work over this timeframe. It argues that the early career teacher ‘problem’ is articulated in very different ways in these two timeframes, explores the antecedents of key tenets of the current policy settlement, and, using the theory of practice architectures, considers the implications of these for the preconditions that shape and frame teachers’ work in contemporary times. 相似文献
13.
从人力资源管理原理和薪酬激励理论,以及高职院校教师劳动特点出发,高职院校人事分配制度改革中教师内在薪酬激励政策可以有：以＂继续教育券＂为手段实行＂能本加人本＂激励;以教育教学及社会服务绩效为依据实行权变激励;以激发主观能动性为目的实行优势需求激励。 相似文献
14.
Enacting policy: the capacity of school leaders to support early career teachers through policy work
Early career teachers often feel overwhelmed by the complex, intense and unpredictable nature of their work. Recently, policy initiatives have been introduced to provide new teachers with extra release-time from face-to-face classroom teaching duties to assist them in their transition to the workforce. This paper reports on a critical policy study that investigated the enactment of this policy initiative. A data set was created from a larger qualitative study which investigated early career teacher resilience. Drawing on a policy enactment theoretical ‘toolbox’, the findings indicate that school leaders can empower early career teachers to move beyond being ‘receivers’ of policy to assume a more active policy role. This paper argues that school leaders are very powerful in their capacity to enact policy to ensure strategic access to appropriate on-going learning opportunities to support early career teachers. 相似文献
15.
Towards a policy social psychology: Teacher engagement with policy enactment and the core concept of Affective Disruption 
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下载免费PDF全文 The article uncovers the complex process of educational policy enactment and the impact this process has on teachers as policy actors as they undertake the task of introducing a new mathematics curriculum in a Canadian secondary school. The three year study based on in‐depth qualitative interviews adopts a classic grounded theory approach of concurrent iterative cycles of data collection, conceptual categorisation and analytical abstraction, to identify six emergent concepts indicative of policy actor engagement with the policy process: (1) Professional and Emotional Investment; (2) Decisional Legitimacy; (3) Hierarchical Trust; (4) System Integrity and Viability; (5) De‐professionalisation; and (6) Identity Safeguarding. Further, and significantly, the grounded theory analysis identifies the core concept of Affective Disruption, conceived as an interruption to an individual's emotional equilibrium resulting from interference to their cognitive sense‐making in relation to policy. It is proposed these six emergent concepts and Affective Disruption as a core concept are precipitated within policy actors in response to the tensions created by the process of policy enactment; the research findings moving towards what might be tentatively termed a policy social psychology. 相似文献
16.
Anna Kilderry 《教育政策杂志》2014,29(2):242-262
This paper examines teacher accountability and authority in early childhood policy. It reports on data from a study that investigated the influences affecting early childhood teacher decision-making at the preschool level in Victoria, Australia. Using a question raised by Ball ‘Where are the teachers in all this [policy]?’ provided a starting point for the critical discourse analysis into how forms of control, teacher authority, obligation and constraint within policies potentially influenced teachers’ curriculum decisions. The study found that despite no government-mandated curriculum framework at the time, teachers were held accountable for their curricular practice. Yet as professionals, early childhood teachers were denied public acknowledgement of their expertise as they were almost invisible in policy. In the four policies analysed, proprietors of early childhood settings and preschool agencies held authority over curriculum. Subsequently, teachers’ authority as professionals with curricular knowledge was diminished. 相似文献
17.
This article draws on Bourdieu’s field theory and related concepts of habitus and capitals, to explore policy implementation in relation to a particular case of teacher professional development in Queensland, Australia. This implementation process is described as an effect of the interplay between what is called the policy field and the field of teachers’ work. The policy field demonstrates intra‐field tensions between the federal Quality Teacher Programme (QTP) and a raft of state policies, particularly those associated with the Queensland meta‐policy, Queensland State Education 2010 (QSE2010). To investigate the effects of this complex policy ensemble, the article draws upon the experiences of principals and a group of teachers engaged in professional development across a cluster of six schools in south‐east Queensland, Australia. The specific focus is on the ‘Curriculum Board’, a cross‐school body created by the principals in the participating schools, and its mediated work in policy implementation and teacher learning. The article analyses the effects of the involvement of the principals in the creation of the board, the limiting impact of QTP requirements to involve consultants rather than support for teacher release, and the limited influence of the board on teacher learning and policy implementation in the individual schools. By doing so, the analysis shows the disjunctions between the logics of practice of the policy field and that of teachers’ work, and the ways in which the differing habitus of principals and teachers and teacher members of the board affected teacher learning and policy implementation. It is argued that effective implementation requires learning within and across fields, and more reflexive habitus of policy makers, principals and teachers. 相似文献
18.
Patricia Machawira 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(6):753-767
In this paper we argue that education policy on HIV and AIDS is policy about life. As such, the contexts and the realities of teachers and learners in the classroom need to be embedded in the policy. We make a case that HIV and AIDS policy needs to extend beyond the prevention mode to one that includes care and support in the policy context. Through the stories of three HIV positive teachers in Zimbabwean primary schools, we show the real people and the real bodies that inhabit the classrooms where policy seeks to find expression. In so doing we illustrate that policy on HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe is blind to the lives and contexts of teachers and learners. 相似文献
19.
郭丽君 《高等工程教育研究》2007,(3):57-60
在我国特有的社会背景下,包括教师聘任制度在内的高等教育管理体制改革和创新过程体现出很强的政府主导性特征,政府的政策导向功能和规范作用在聘任制改革中的作用极为明显.这一"政府主导下的渐进改革模式"在一定程度上揭示了改革可以行进的边界条件.但是实践证明,政府作为聘任制改革的主要政策制定者,对高校人事制度存在着既供给不足又缺少边界的问题,这就造成大学在试图进行聘任制改革时面临诸多制约因素. 相似文献
20.
Within policy discourses, teachers are positioned as objects of reform who enact policies under rational systems of observation and accountability and are, therefore, situated as de-professionalized actors lacking expert knowledge. This research project asks relatively straight-forward questions: If practicing teachers were given a voice in political debates over urban education policy and reform, what would they say? What macro-level policy problems would they identify as being important? Findings indicate the primary policy problems include Systemic Inequity and Bad Policy. The primary policy solutions include, Schools as a Community Resource; Shared Decision-Making; Contextual Goals; and Time, Space and Resources. 相似文献