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1.
《Government Information Quarterly》2022,39(2):101684
This article presents a structure-content framework to characterize social media engagement between government and the public because related scholarship fails to adequately link the concepts. The term structure refers to the flow of information—or the direction of messages from one type of account to another (e.g., a government agency to the public or vice versa) and the extent to which they interact. The term content represents the messages' intended goals and meaning. This framework integrates both concepts, notably the communication modes model (an example of structure) with content categories such as transparency, symbolic presentation, customer service, coproduction, and citizen participation. Because it is more comprehensive than typologies focused on either concept alone, the article more thoroughly conveys the complexity of available engagement opportunities. Facebook data from Hurricane Florence exemplify the model and account for both routine and critical operating conditions. 相似文献
2.
[目的/意义] 在信息超载的背景下,文献量逐步攀升,借鉴生态学思想探讨文献环境下概念的稳定性规律,为叙词表编制提供跨学科视角的理论依据。[方法/过程] 以生态位法则为基础,将文献环境模拟生态环境,物种对应概念,环境对应文献,统计文献中概念的数量,考察文献中概念含义,验证生态位法则在知识系统下的适用性,提出生态位法则下的概念稳定变化规律。[结果/结论] 知识系统下的文献概念遵循着生态学思想,同一领域下文献的一个主题对应一个概念,概念的数量保持稳定,概念含义趋向于一词一义,知识系统下概念的数量与含义均符合生态位法则。 相似文献
3.
Dominik Janzing 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2006,8(4):83-90
Progress in controlling quantum systems is the major pre-requisite
for the realization of quantum computing, yet the results of quantum computing research can also be useful
in solving quantum control problems that are not related to computational problems. We arguethat quantum
computing provides clear concepts and simple models for discussing quantum theoretical problems. In this
article we describe examples from completely different fields where models of quantum computing and quantum
communication shed light on quantum theory.
First we address quantum limits of classical low power computation and argue that the terms of quantum
information theory allows us to discuss device-independent bounds. We
argue that a classical bit behaves to some extent like a quantum bit in the time period where
it switches its logical value. This implies that a readout during the switching process generates
entropy. A related problem is the distribution of timing information like clock signals in low power
devices. For low signal energy, the situation is close to phase-covariant cloning problems in quantum information
theory. 相似文献
4.
《Government Information Quarterly》2002,19(3):213-223
A new phrase—“homeland security”—has come into popular parlance in the aftermath of recent terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. As an evolving concept, it draws definition from, and has implications for, various policy areas and actions. This introductory essay reviews the development of two similar policy concepts—national security and internal security—before exploring homeland security, and the significance of each for information policy and practice. 相似文献
5.
The information and intellectual product concepts in a new infological and documentological paradigm
Yu. V. Nesterovich 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2015,42(4):264-273
The need is considered to integrate the concept of information in the course of the development of a new info(rmo)logical and documentological paradigm through the concept of an intellectual product that is realized by the use of sign systems. The formation of this paradigm allows for coordination of the emergence of theoretical concepts with the basic schemes of metatheory or general theory rather than with the definitions of terms in the regulatory literature. 相似文献
6.
Dominik Janzing 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2006,21(1-2):83-90
Progress in controlling quantum systems is the major pre-requisite
for the realization of quantum computing, yet the results of quantum computing research can also be useful
in solving quantum control problems that are not related to computational problems. We arguethat quantum
computing provides clear concepts and simple models for discussing quantum theoretical problems. In this
article we describe examples from completely different fields where models of quantum computing and quantum
communication shed light on quantum theory.
First we address quantum limits of classical low power computation and argue that the terms of quantum
information theory allows us to discuss device-independent bounds. We
argue that a classical bit behaves to some extent like a quantum bit in the time period where
it switches its logical value. This implies that a readout during the switching process generates
entropy. A related problem is the distribution of timing information like clock signals in low power
devices. For low signal energy, the situation is close to phase-covariant cloning problems in quantum information
theory.
Second we rephrase a classical statistical method to draw causal conclusions from data of a clinical
drug-testing experiment. Since this method, as it is described in the literature, relies on a hidden-variable
model of patient’s behaviour it leads to misconclusions if quantum theory infact does play a role in
the human mind. The toy model we use to illustrate this is formally a quantum communication protocol
in the presence of entanglement. We argue that quantum information theory could put classical statistical
reasoning on a safer basis because it does not need hidden-variable models of nature. 相似文献
7.
基于词共现的可视化概念空间研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
概念空间在信息组织和帮助用户表达信息需求方面起到了重要作用,但目前研究构建的概念空间主要是一般意义上的概念空间,即具有严格体系结构、概念含义限定严格以及概念之间关系层次清晰等,如叙词表、领域本体等.由于它们在构建、使用过程中存在的问题,在信息检索领域应用的效果并不理想.鉴于这些情况,本文试图借助信息可视化技术研究非一般意义上的概念空间,即以对象内能够描述对象内容的词为概念,通过词共现方式构建的概念空间,研究它能否在一定程度上替代一般意义上的概念空间、效果如何等,为构建基于概念空间的信息检索可视化系统打下基础. 相似文献
8.
政府危机决策系统的效率一定程度上决定了危机是否得到有效的化解。衡量政府危机决策系统效率有两个直观的标准:决策的高效和决策的有效。本文从信息论的角度,用熵对这两个标准进行量化,以期对政府危机处理决策系统效率评价提出新的思路。 相似文献
9.
Lynn Sillipigni ConnawayAuthor Vitae Timothy J. DickeyAuthor VitaeMarie L. RadfordAuthor Vitae 《Library & information science research》2011,33(3):179-190
In today's fast-paced world, anecdotal evidence suggests that information tends to inundate people, and users of information systems want to find information quickly and conveniently. Empirical evidence for convenience as a critical factor is explored in the data from two multi-year, user study projects funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services. The theoretical framework for this understanding is founded in the concepts of bounded rationality and rational choice theory, with Savolainen's (2006) concept of time as a context in information seeking, as well as gratification theory, informing the emphasis on the seekers' time horizons. Convenience is a situational criterion in peoples' choices and actions during all stages of the information-seeking process. The concept of convenience can include their choice of an information source, their satisfaction with the source and its ease of use, and their time horizon in information seeking. The centrality of convenience is especially prevalent among the younger subjects (“millennials”) in both studies, but also holds across all demographic categories—age, gender, academic role, or user or non-user of virtual reference services. These two studies further indicate that convenience is a factor for making choices in a variety of situations, including both academic information seeking and everyday-life information seeking, although it plays different roles in different situations. 相似文献
10.
Ragnar AudunsonAuthor Vitae Sophie EssmatAuthor VitaeSvanhild AabøAuthor Vitae 《Library & information science research》2011,33(3):220-227
The potential role of the public library in the lives of immigrant women is elicited by in-depth interviews with nine female immigrants to Norway from Iran, Afghanistan, and Kurdistan. The research utilizes social capital theory, the concepts of communities of practice and legitimate peripheral participation, as well as the concepts of high intensive versus low intensive meeting places. The results indicate that the library plays different roles in the different stages in the respondents' experiences as immigrants. It allows for legitimate peripheral participation when the immigrants move from observing at a distance to more active participation. The library functions as a high intensive as well as a low intensive meeting place and seems to contribute to building social capital in a variety of ways. 相似文献
11.
12.
Everyday life information-seeking (ELIS) studies have previously addressed nonwork or citizens' information needs and seeking. This article contributes to the theoretical growth of the field by applying Chatman's small-world theory—a conception of ELIS—and social network theory to explain organizational behavior. The applicability of these two theories to analyze human information behavior in strategic value creation is discussed and shown through the results of an earlier pilot study in higher education. The concepts of social types, described as insiders and outsiders, worldview, social norms, information behavior, and trust are invoked. Combined with the concepts of homogeneity, density, and content from social network theory, Chatman's small-world theory yields a promising social dimension for a new theory of strategic information management. However, the conceptual base of the proposed new theory requires validation by testing in strategic partnerships. 相似文献
13.
基于合作信息查寻与检索理论模型构建的相关研究工作综述发现语境在合作查寻与检索过程中居于重要地位。在详细分析语境内涵并对比相关概念的基础上,指出语境在合作信息查寻与检索研究中具有方法论属性,并提出以语境为基础的合作信息查寻与检索5C模型。基于5C模型探讨合作信息查寻与检索的路径选择,并揭示其语境运行机制。 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Informetrics》2014,8(1):284-294
In this paper, we show that an information source composed with n random variables may be split into 2n or 2n − 1 “states”; therefore, one could compute the maximum entropy of the source. We derive the efficiency and the unused capacity of an information source. We demonstrate that in more than two dimensions, the transmission's variability depends on the system configuration; thus, we determine the upper and the lower bounds to the mutual information and propose the transmission power as an indicator of the Triple Helix of university–industry–government relationships. The transmission power is defined as the fraction of the total ‘configurational information’ produced in a system; it appears like the efficiency of the transmission and may be interpreted as the strength of the variables dependency, the strength of the synergy between the system's variable or the strength of information flow within the system. 相似文献
15.
图书馆化茧成蝶——信息共享空间与Library2.0 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
卜世波 《图书馆工作与研究》2008,(7)
随着互联网络的发展、信息技术的进步以及图书馆自身创新服务的深入,近年来,图书馆业界出现了两个新概念——信息共享空间和library2.0。文章首先介绍了信息共享空间的背景、概念和发展现状;然后全方位地阐述了library2.0相关经典理论;最后指出,信息共享空间和library2.0是相通的,是以用户为中心的交互模式,两者为图书馆的发展带来希望和机遇。 相似文献
16.
L. A. Mosunova 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2017,44(3):175-183
This paper sets the problem of development of information culture and advances the hypothesis about understanding of the meaning of information as its basis. Five ideas related to the problems of the paper are distinguished in the theory of understanding. The paper describes the concept of adequate and inadequate understanding the meaning of information and develops the criteria of understanding the meaning of information. The concept of the “understanding of the meaning of information” is defined. 相似文献
17.
《Communication Teacher》2013,27(4):281-285
Play provides an opportunity for students to learn information and concepts in an active format while facilitating different ways of learning. This puzzle activity is designed to increase student engagement, leverage different learning styles, help students make connections in communication theories, and enhance memory of important communication concepts. As an active learning exercise, play requires students to coordinate behaviors and participate in the learning process differently than through traditional lecture formats. Considering the information on active learning strategies, this activity involves using puzzle pieces labeled with theory components to help students learn each theory term and better understand how the terms work together to form the theory.Courses: This single-class activity is appropriate for courses across the communication curriculum and is particularly well suited for classes with multi-part concepts and/or theories, including communication theory, organizational communication, interpersonal communication, persuasion, conflict communication, and the public-speaking/basic course, among others.Objective: As a result of participating in this single-class activity, students will demonstrate understanding of key theoretical terms/concepts and how those concepts work together to inform communication theory. Further, students will work together in teams to bring in outside examples of the theory in action and practice explaining the concepts to their classmates to enhance learning and long-term memory of class concepts. 相似文献
18.
定义了大众信息分类及其相关概念.认为文献分类法适合划分科学知识而不合适划分大众生活信息.文献分类法应该组织所有专业图书和部分教育图书,而对于大众图书和部分教育图书应该重新建立新的分类法.指出公共图书馆、尤其是地市级以下的公共图书馆都应该采用新的分类体系. 相似文献
19.
针对模糊环境下企业竞争情报系统绩效评价问题,文章以模糊数学和信息熵理论为工具,提出一种基于表现度的评价方法.文章综合考虑了企业竞争情报系统绩效评价中定性和定量两类指标,首先引入了表现度概念,对不同指标下表现度进行规范化处理;然后根据信息熵理论确定各指标权重,进而得到各企业竞争情报系统绩效的综合表现度和优先顺序;最后给出一个算例.算例表明:该方法不仅能很好地处理企业竞争情报系统绩效评价中定性和定量指标值,而且还充分考虑企业竞争情报系统绩效评价中的模糊性,使企业竞争情报系统绩效的评价过程更为科学、合理. 相似文献
20.
In a recent work by Anderson, Hankin, and Killworth (2008), Ferrers diagrams and Durfee squares are used to represent the scientific output of a scientist and construct a new h-based bibliometric indicator, the tapered h-index (hT). In the first part of this paper we examine hT, identifying its main drawbacks and weaknesses: an arbitrary scoring system and an illusory increase in discrimination power compared to h. Subsequently, we propose a new bibliometric tool, the citation triad (CT), that better exploits the information contained in a Ferrers diagram, giving a synthetic overview of a scientist's publication output. The advantages of this new approach are discussed in detail. Argument is supported by several examples based on empirical data. 相似文献