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全面阐述桦木科 6属 36种植物叶表皮和花粉的形态及系统学价值 ;首次揭示中国特有属———虎榛子属胚胎发育的全过程 ;化石植物有重要发现 ,发现了美国怀俄明古新世一个化石新属———Cranea和Palaeocarpinus属的两个化石新种 ,是迄今为止所发现的桦木科榛亚科最早的化石纪录 ;利用形态学资料、rbcL基因序列、ITS序列分别对桦木科及外类群进行分支分析 ,并根据化石植物提供的证据 ,将三者结合分析 ,重建了桦木科的系统发育 ,建立了桦木科的新分类系统 相似文献
3.
木通科、大血藤科种子的研究，(1)种皮的扫描电镜观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用种皮扫描特征进行分类学和系统演化研究，这在木通科，大血藤科研究中尚属 空白。本文就5属15种木通科植物及大血藤科植物的种皮进行了扫描电镜观察。 从种皮雕纹类型看，大血藤科与木通科存在很大差异。Akebia，Holboellia，Stauntonia属植物通常具条纹状种皮雕纹，Sinofranchetia属植物也具条纹状种皮雕纹，但其条纹上具众多疣状凸起， 在 形态上较特殊。Decaisnea属植物的种皮具嵌合型雕纹，这在木通科十分罕见。以上，进一步印证了Stapf等人关于大血藤科分类学处理的正确性，说明了Decaisnea属和Sinofranchetia属在木通科的孤立地位；以及Akebia，Holboellia，Stauntonia属之间较密切的亲缘关系。 相似文献
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5.
朗楷永 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1990,28(5):356-371
兰科在横断山地区是维管束植物中的大科之一，共有91属，363种及9变种。 4属为我国特有属，其中1属为本地区所特有；155种及9变种为我国特有种。 其中69种及5变种为本地区所 特有。本文对属、种进行了分析，并对全部种的分布格局作了详细的介绍，概述了本地区兰科植物的区系组成及特点。本文从兰科植物属、种的分布提出了四川峨眉山是东亚植物区中划分中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区和中国-日本植物亚区的分界线上的一个重要的点的看法。 相似文献
6.
植物世界中,有花植物为一大类,占据统治地位,其中又分为多个科,这个科,通俗的说法是,亲缘关系相近的一大家族,当然各科植物中也有种类非常小的,有的甚至小到仅有一个种,如杜仲科,仅一个属一个科,名叫杜仲;红木科也是一个属一个科;而有的科多达数百种、数千种：葫芦科有110个属700个科; 相似文献
7.
《科学大众》2017,(6)
目的:通过对河北大学药用植物的调查,了解校园内药用植物的种类和数量,并对学校植物配置和管理提出建议。方法:采用问卷调查、实地考察、查阅资料、标本采集整理及鉴定等方法。对河北大学药用植物的种类组成和数量及其药用价值进行调查和研究。结果:河北大学校园内药用植物共计56科116属149种,其中裸子植物5科9属14种,被子植物51科107属135种,还对校园药用植物的生态类型、药用部位、药用功效、有效成分进行了统计和分析,并对校园植物的配置、管理和利用提出了建议。结论:河北大学校园植物种类较为丰富,而且几乎都具有一定的药用价值,种类科属组成较为合理,在美化环境及日常学习等方面具有重要意义和价值。 相似文献
8.
调查色季拉山西坡方枝柏疏林不同海拔梯度的植物,研究物种组成、物种丰富度及重要值沿海拔梯度的变化。结果表明:(1)在调查的6个方枝柏疏林样地内,共有植物54种,分属于29科48属,其中乔木层2种分属2科2属,灌木层14种分属6科11属,草本层48种分属24科38属;(2)科数、属数、种数随海拔梯度变化均呈双峰曲线;(3)灌木层种数和海拔有显著的负相关性(P<0.05),草本层种数与总物种总数也有显著的相关性(P<0.05),而乔木层种数、草本层种数、总物种总数与海拔之间的相关性不显著(P>0.05);(4)随海拔的升高,乔木层树种的组成趋向单一化;灌木层在不同海拔带的方枝柏疏林内分别有明显不同的优势种;草本层在不同海拔高度中莎草科植物重要值最高,菊科植物重要值次之,其重要值均随海拔的升高呈下降趋势,草本层湿生植物与中湿生植物占绝对优势,方枝柏疏林群落表现出沼泽进程化趋势,方枝柏种群呈衰退型。 相似文献
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用DAPI荧光染色方法检测了旋花科4属4种植物——空心菜Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. 、茑萝 Qua-
moclit pennata (Desr．)Boj．、月光花 Calonyction aculeatum(L．)House和日本菟丝子Cuscuta japonica Choisy
中生殖细胞和精细胞中细胞质DNA存在的状况。证明除日本菟丝子外，其余3种植物的雄性细胞中都
存在细胞质DNA。此外，在我们曾研究过的5种旋花科种植物的生殖细胞和精细胞中亦显示含有细胞质
DNA，因而可认为这是旋花科较普遍的特性，日本菟丝子精细胞中缺少细胞质DNA，可作为—个新的胚胎学证据，支持此属从旋花科分出独立为菟丝子科。 相似文献
11.
介绍了青海省目前已征集到花卉品种６６科、１９８属、４１０多个品种,收集到野和草、灌、乔植物５８科、３００多种,提出了开发花卉资源是一种新兴、鲜活产业。 相似文献
12.
云南珍稀名优蔬菜资源及其开发利用 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
云南省蔬菜种质资源调查研究表明,有珍稀名优蔬菜34种（包括变种、变型或品种）,隶属12种21属,其中木本蔬菜2科3属3种,草本蔬菜11科19属31种。本文论述了以上蔬菜资源的特点、分布、开发利用现状和存在问题,并对其今后开发利用提出建议。 相似文献
13.
四川卧龙自然保护区珍稀濒危植物及其保护与利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卧龙是四川省珍惜濒危植物最丰富的地区，有国家保护的珍稀濒危植物24种，隶属18科，20属，其中一级保护2种，二级保护11种，三级保护11中。本文论述了该地区珍稀、濒危植物的特点、类型及地理分布，以及这些植物的一些利用价值及保护建议。 相似文献
14.
The Xizang (Tibetan) flora with numerous endemics is of importance in Chi-
nese flora. According to recent statistics there are in Xizang 27 genera of spermatophytes
endemic to China, being only 2.25% percent of the total number of genera in the Xizang flora.
Four of them are regarded as palaeoendemics (14.81%) and the others as neoendemics (85.19%).
These endemic genera, of 30 species and 3 varieties, belong to 17 families, of which, Umbelli-
ferae contains 6 genera, 7 species and 3 varieties; Compositae has 6 genera and 7 species, and
Gentianaceae 1 genus and 2 species. All the other families each comprises one genus with a
single species.
The cosmopolitan families together comprising 14 genera with 15 species have the highest
perecentage (52.92%) and the tropical ones (5 families, 5 genera with 5 species) come to the next
(29.42%), followed by the temperate ones (3 families, 10 genera with 10 species) (17.66%). It
shows that these endemic genera are obviously related to the tropical flora and temperate one
in essence.
According to the number of species, the genera endemic to China and occurring in Xi-
zang flora may be grouped as fallows.
Monotypic endemic ones 14 (51.85%)
Ditypic endemic ones 6 (22.22%)
Oligotypic endemic ones 4 (14.81%)
Small endemic ones 3 (11.11%)
The formation of the endemic genera is correlated with the topography, climate and en-
vironmental conditions, and they may have resulted from the diversification in geography and
climatic influence for a long time. The southeastern part of Xizang Plateau is of very diverse
ecological conditions, with the adequate precipitation, which may explain the concentration of
these endemic genera in this region.
The largest similarity coefficient (38.30%) of the genera endemic to China and occurring
in Xizang is with those in Qinghai Plateau, next, with those in Yunnan and in Sichuan pro-
vinces (both 27.60%), which shows that these endemic genera are related to the floras of the
regions mentioned above.
The difference in the horizontal distribution of these endemic genera is obviously between
the southern and northern parts of Xizang Plateau. The vertical distribution of the genera is
also rather obvious, from 800 m to 5200 m above sea level, but concentrated in the zone of 3000
m to 4500 mm. Therefore their occurrence in Xizang is not only affected by the historical
environmental conditions but also controlled by the horizontal and vertical distribution.
The origin and evolution of some endemic genera, such as Psammosilene, Parateropyrum,
Sphaerotylos, Salweenia, Ajaniopsis, Xizangia, Sinoleontopodium, are discussed in this paper.
Parateropyrum, a monotypic palaeotropic endemic, belongs to the tribe Atraphaxideae in-
cluding Atraphaxis, Calligonum and Pteropyrum. It may be a comparatively advanced group
in the tribe, and is closely related to the genus Pteropyrum which is distributed in western
Asia. The genus Parapteropyrum has possibly survived as a palaetropic-tertiary relic in this
region.
Sphaerotylos, a member of the subtribe Sphaerotylinae, the tribe Boehmerieae in the family
Urticaceae, is a comparatively primitive genus in the tribe Boehmerieae so far known. As the
other subtribes, such as Boehmerinae, Sarconchlamydinae, Orecnidinae and Maoutinae, are dis-
tributed in the tropics, rarely in the subtropics, the genus is no doubt a palaetropic -tertiary
relic.
Sinoleontopodium, belonging to the tribe lnuleae in Compositae, is also related to the ge-
nus Leontopodium. It is probable that the genus Sinoleontopodium arised later than the other.
We come to the conclusion that the southern part of Xizang Plateau is also one of thecentres of the origin and differentiation of genera endemic to China. 相似文献
15.
湘西北壶瓶山自然保护区植物区系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
壶瓶山自然保护区具有丰富的植物区系成分，现知维管束植物有205科(蕨类和拟蕨类 植物40科，裸子植物7科，被子植物158科)，839属，约1961种(包括154变种)。其中，古 和原始的科、属不乏其代表。从种子植物属的分布区类型的比较分析，该区具有我国15个种子植物属的分布区类型中的14个，表明了与世界各地区植物区系的联系程度。另一方面，该 地区的植物区系虽含有丰富的热带成分，但根据各类温带属占该区总属数的百分比以及分布于该地区的中国特有属中的木本属几乎所有都是落叶的乔木或灌木，该区的植物区系性质明显偏重于温带性质。而且，这种温带性质可能与该区的山体海拔高度有着重要的联系。 相似文献
16.
四川松杉类植物分布的基本特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
管中天 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1981,19(4):393-407
The abundance of Coniferae in Szechuan Province is a well-known fact, especially
of the Order Pinales. There are so far 19 genera 68 species and varieties belonging to
the Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae. This paper dealing with the fundamental
features in the distribution of these plant-groups may be not only of scientific inte-
rest but also of great importance to forestry.
According to an analysis of the influence of historic, geographic and ecological con-
ditions on the distribution of plants, it is shown that the differantiation of geographical
distribution of genera and species in these 3 familias between the eastern and
the western areas is very evident. There are (Tab. 1) 18 genera and 27 species in the
eastern area, including 6 monotypic genera, they are Cathaya, Pseudolarix, Metosequoia,
Glyptostrobus, Fokienia and Platycladus. As the great concentration of the monotypic
and paleo-endemic genera is not found elsewhere, this area therefore distinctly indicates
the relic nature. It seems most probably that they came originally into existence in sub-
tropical and warm-temperate climates of middle lalitudes in the northern hemisphere,
and most of them are in the lands bordering the Pacific Ocean.
On the other hand, there are 13 genera and 56 species in the western area with
only one monotypic genus (Platycladus) present, and most genera are polytypic with
wide ranges. The number of species in these genera here is larger than in any other
areas, for example, Abies and Picea are represented 12 species each (Fig. 1-4). There
are 10 species in Sabina (Fig. 5). It might be considered that each genus has develop-
ed into a great centre, In addition, it has been discussed in detail regarding the
vicarious distributions in geography, verticality, and ecology of ralated species in Abies,
Picea, Tsuga, Keteleeria, Larix, Pinus and Cupressus (Fig. 3-5), as well as the re-
lationship of these species. As shown above, these plants are also, without doubt, of
very old origin. Moreover, they are most likely very much closely related with Tethys
in the past, but the majority species apparently have arisen in relalively recent times.
They are due to the effect of mountain-making and glaciation, principally in consequence of the cooling process of the climatic vicissitude. 相似文献
17.
台湾位于欧亚大陆东南缘的海洋中，地处热带的北部和亚热带的南部，约为21°45′~15°56′N，119°18′~124°34′E，是中国最大的岛屿。它是受季风气候强烈影响的地区之一，热量丰富，雨量充沛，干湿季明显。具有一个非常丰富的岛屿和山区植物区系。就其种子植物而言，约有186科，1201属，3656 种，包括热带属742属，温带属346属。根据台湾植物区系中各大科、主要植物群落优势种和中国特有种的地理分布以及热带属在整个植物区系中的主导地位，台湾地区的植物区系主体具有明显的亚热带性质。中国台湾本地特有种十分丰富，其比例远高于中国特有种的比例。这似乎表明台湾植物区系是一个古老区系在多次地质事件侵袭后又起活化的历史演变的结果。新老成分并存、共同发展是台湾植物区系的重要特点。通过台湾全部属和非特有种在周边地区地理分布的分析，中国台湾植物区系与中国大陆的关系最为密切，是东亚植物区系的重要组成部分，因此在植物分区上应属于泛北极植物区的东亚植物区系。 相似文献
18.
澜沧江鱼类生物多样性研究进展 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
澜沧江是位于我国西南岭谷区的一条纵向河流,它所处的特殊地理位置使其相应地形成了特有的生物群落。本文在综合历来相关文献的基础上对澜沧江鱼类生物多样性进行分析,结果表明:澜沧江鱼类区系由6目组成,包括21科86属162种,其中鲤形目4科60属117种,鲇形目7科13属27种,形目1科2属3种,合鳃目1科1属1种,鲈形目7科9属13种,形目1科1属1种。不同水段中,河源共记录有11种鱼类,上游鱼类22种,中游鱼类44种,下游鱼类142种,附属湖泊洱海中记录9种。澜沧江水系中共13种鱼类被列入《中国濒危动物红皮书(鱼类)》,占濒危鱼类总数的14.13%。澜沧江从河源到下游,鱼类物种明显增多,由适合高原生活的冷水性鱼类裂腹鱼、高原鳅等逐渐过渡到以亚科、野鲮亚科、科为主的高多样性鱼类区系。针对目前鱼类资源的破坏,本文分析探讨了其原因并提出相应的应对措施。 相似文献
19.
试论浙江省森林植物区系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
王景祥 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1986,24(3):165-176
1. History of development of the forest flora Since the Cenozoic period, the number of forest tree species has steadily risen.
In the course of time, some of the archaic types slowly diminished and perished,
and new forms gradually evolved. During the palaeocene, the numher of the gymnospe-
rms (with the exception of conifers) and ferns drastically decreased, and that of con-
ifers, on the contrary, increased significantly, and meantime the broad-leaved tree spe-
cies also appeared. During the Neocene, the angiosperms expanded rapidly and the ve-
getation gradually shifted towards the mixed deciduous-evergreen forest. Shortly before
the Quaternary, there was a series of world-wide climatic fluctuations, as illustrated by
progress and retreat of glaciers, cold-resistant and warm-loving (thermophilic) plants
appeared alternately. In the post-glaciation period, the zonal distribution of forest ve-
getation in Zhejiang Province was essentially similar to that of the present time. Exca-
vations from Homu-tu, Yu-Yao County, reveal a luxuriant subtropical forest which
existed 7000 years ago.
2. Characteristics of the flora and vegetation
(1) Of ancient origin, with rich relic elements.
Archaic gymnosperms such as Ginkgo biloba, Amentotaxus argotaenia, Pseudotaxus
chienii, Torreya jackii, T. grandis, Taxus chinensis var. mairei, Podocarpus macrophyllus,
P. neriifolia, etc, are all found in the Cretaceous deposits. The occurrence of Ginkgo
can be traced hack to the Triassic. Most of the conifers, however, were found in the Ju-
rassic, and they have remained to the present time as the main elements of the needle-
leaved forests.
Among the primitive angiosperms, Magnoliaceae is represented by 19 species of 8
genera; Fagaceae and Lauraceae are the dominant evergreen broad-leaved tree species,
the former by 6 genera and 43 species, and the latter by 10 genera and 42 species. Ha-
mamelidaceae is represented by 10 genera and 18 species, while Ulmaceae, Tiliaceae, Elae-
ocarpaceae, by 21 species of 7 genera, 9 species of 2 genera and 6 species of 2 genera
respectively.
(2) Rich in species and consisting of diverse geographic elements, but domi-
nated by the tropical ones.
Throughout Zhejiang Province, there are over 1300 taxa of woody plants (includ-
ing varieties and cultivated ones) belonging to 109 families and 423 genera. Among
them, 8 families with 25 genera and about 45 species, are gymnosperms, and the rest, 101
families with 398 genera and about 1260 species and varieties, are angiosperms. The
major angiospermous families include Mognoliaceae, Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Theaceae,
Aquifoliaceae and Bambusoideae. Dominant families and genera are the tropical ones,
and next in the order, are the East Asiatic, the E. Asia-N. American, then the tempe-
rate, the cosmopolitan, endemic and other elements.
(3) Rich in endemic species, in monotypic and oligotypic genera.
The endemic species include Abies beshanzuensis, Ostrya rehderiana, Carpinus pu-
toensis, Carpinus tientaiensis, Celtis chekiangensis, Calycanthus chinensis, Machilus mi-
nutiloba, M. chekiangensis, Semiliquidambar caudata var. cuspidata, Acer aeutum, A.
yangjuechi, A. Changhwaense, A. elegantulum, A. pauciflorum, Ilex qinyuanensis, Sty-
rax zhejiangensis, Photinia zhejiangensis, Actinidia zhejiangensis, etc. The monotypic
and oligotypic genera are examplified by Ginkgo, Pseudotaxus, Pseudolarix, Fokienia,
Cyclocarya, Parakmeria, Pteroceltis, Sargentodoxa, Decaisnea, Aphananthe, Hemiptelea,
Zelkova, Fortunearia, Semiliquidambar, Polithyrsis, Ostrya, Heptacodium, Tapiscia,
Bretschneidera, Choerospondias, Kalopanax, Halesia, Hovenia, Emmenopterys, Eucom-
mia, Pileostegia, Platycrater, Alniphyllum, etc. The majority of the species mentioned
above are rare and precious ones.
(4) Introduced species gaining importance
Zhejiang Province is mainly situated in the mid-subtropical zone, and from Yukuan District and the Wenzhou Prefecture southwards it belongs to the evergreen broad-leaved south subtropical forest belt. A number of south subtropical species, such as Eucalyptus spp., Casuarina spp., Acacia mearnsii, have been successfully introduced into this region. The introduction of other species, such as Cinnamomum cassia, Grevillea robusta, Michelia alba, Canarium album, Litchi chinensis, Euphoria longan, Kandelia candel, are successful in certain areas. Small plantations of introduced species from S. W. China e.e. Cinnamomum glanduliferum, C. septentrionale have been established. In
addition, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Ulmus pumila, several exotic Pinus species, Carya illinoensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Amorpha fruficosa, etc. are widely planted throughout Zhejiang Province. In recent years, cold-temperate species such as Chamaecyparis obtusa, Thuja standishii, Thuja occidentalis, Abies firma have been introduced and planted in the mountainous areas. The forest flora of the province is thus being further enriched.
3. Geographical analysis of the forest flora
(1) The south part of Zhejiang lies in the transitional belt between the East and
South China Floristic Regions, its east part being on the north margin of the South
China Floristic Region, and its west part on the south margin of the East China Floristic Region.
(2) The north part of the province is weakly influenced by the temperate elements, but the influence may extend to the central part of this province as the elevation
there is higher.
(3) Diverse floristic elements such as those belonging to Japan, Taiwan (China),
C. China and S. W. China regions also occur in the province, especially in its western
and eastern parts. 相似文献
20.
蓝永珍 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1986,24(4):268-272
本文报道了在我国分布或栽培的5属、41种和变种的芸苔族植物的花粉母细胞减数分裂期的染色体数，其中15种和变种是新报道。个别种类的数目与以往的报道不完全一致。 相似文献