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1.
In an earlier article I drew a distinction between two general types of listening. In one the listener brings pre-determined categories to bear in extracting useful information from the speaker’s utterance. In the other the listener suspends such categories to hear as much as possible in the utterance. This distinction has been challenged by Sophie Haroutunian-Gordon. This article responds to her critique.
Leonard WaksEmail:
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2.
The distinction between apophatic and cataphatic listening is defined and analyzed. Apophatic listening is more or less devoid of cognitivist claims, whereas cataphatic listening involves cognition and questioning. Many of the papers in this volume are discussed along the continuum determined by these two types of listening. Haroutunian-Gordon’s claim is that every act of listening involves the listener in questioning, thus listening is solely cataphatic. We discuss apophatic listening as a limiting ideal case and conclude that not every act of listening involves a question. Though in acknowledging this limiting case we disagree with Haroutunian-Gordon’s assertion, we are indebted to her work and believe her model forms an important part of any comprehensive theory of listening.
Jim GarrisonEmail:
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3.
This article analyzes new modes of listening to teach developed out of work in Banda Aceh, Indonesia just after the tsunami of December 2004. I analyze how a framework for understanding pedagogy as integrally connected to listening led to strategies for working with teachers in Aceh. Finally, I raise questions about how and whether the concept of teaching as based on listening has meaning across cultural and linguistic borders. This work has implications for the work of U.S. educators traveling to developing countries and for rethinking teaching and teacher education in the United States. The work suggests the significance of learning to listen through hope, even immediately after a time of disaster.
Katherine SchultzEmail:
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4.
Technology expands instructional options for faculty, and this study examines the differential learning effects of offering a lecture on physics to students in a traditional classroom versus internet video formats. Based on an experiment conducted in a natural educational context, results indicate enhanced transfer of lecture information in the video formats relative to the live condition, with students also responding more positively to personalized video presentation.
Eric L. DeyEmail:
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5.
Homelessness is a growing social problem in the United States. Especially vulnerable to this phenomenon are young children because homelessness is viewed as a breeding ground for disabilities. Despite federal legislation ensuring educational opportunities, the educational needs of children who are homeless are frequently unfulfilled. This article reviews the educational rights of children who are homeless, including those with disabilities, and offers recommendations and suggestions as to how early childhood programs can help meet the needs of homeless young children with disabilities and their families.
Richard M. GargiuloEmail:
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6.
Since many teachers and students recognize other kinds of knowledge (faith) based on other ways of knowing, consideration of these realities is appropriate for the science education community. Understanding the multitude of ways that clergy view relationships between science and faith (i.e. alternative ways of knowing) would assist in understanding various ways that people address complex issues arising from ideas about science and faith. We administered a questionnaire composed of multiple-choice and short answer items to 63 United Methodist ministers. Findings included (1) that formal, organized faith contexts (e.g. church services) serve as informal science education opportunities, (2) participants demonstrated considerable diversity regarding the types of relationships developed between science and faith, and (3) participants recognized a need exists for better understandings of science and its relationship to faith for them, their colleagues, and their congregations.
Daniel L. Dickerson (Corresponding author)Email:
Karen R. DawkinsEmail:
John E. PenickEmail:
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7.
In interviews with over 250 urban young adolescents, many students make it clear that they are acutely aware of the educational inequities that exist in their schools and that these inequities are having a negative impact on their education. Student voice is used to highlight urban middle school students’ perspectives on the quality of their education particularly in terms of curricular issues, teacher quality, and lack of resources.
Mark G. StorzEmail:
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8.
Since 1999, MIT has undertaken an extensive effort in creating and implementing educational technology. Broadly speaking, there have been two kinds of efforts: developing web-based services for higher education and creating educational technology applications for use in the classroom. This article reviews a group of projects that produced educational technology applications for use in the classroom or for classroom-based activities and were assessed by educational researchers in the Teaching and Learning Laboratory (TLL). From those in depth studies, as well as less extensive involvement with a half dozen more initiatives, we draw three major findings on the role and impact of educational technologies as they were developed and used at MIT over 6 years: (1) the most successful educational technologies meet a specific instructional need that has been unmet or poorly met by traditional media; (2) too much technology or technology that does not work well can be detrimental; and (3) there are important relationships between the technologies and the learning environments in which they operate.
Lori BreslowEmail:
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9.
Evaluation is required for almost all educational activities or programs, particularly for federal- and state-funded programs. Such a requirement is quite understandable given that we need to know what has been done actually produces its intended purposes. However, it is almost impossible that bad data can provide justified conclusions, and there are many evaluation studies that are circumvented by the fact that evaluation is a post-hoc test of educational activities. Thus, it is hard to produce the rigor and relevance of an evaluation study that may need good design and analysis to even provide partial answers to the original questions. The goal of this paper is to provide researchers and practitioners with some of the insights that may serve as a useful guide for designing and implementing longitudinal evaluation in a way that can improve the likelihood of high quality data for future evaluation studies.
Cody S. DingEmail:
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10.
A great challenge in education research involves the difficulty of differentiating between studies that apply commonly understood theoretical perspectives and recognizing studies that merely rename old theoretical frameworks. This conflict between intellectual innovation and intellectual retrofitting emerges as central to Basu, Calabrese-Barton, Clairmont, and Lock’s exploration of the relationship between critical agency and student identity development in science.
Bryan A. BrownEmail:
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11.
Campus-based urban legends have the potential to convey and construct student culture in higher education. Basic qualitative and humanistic research methods were used to collect, analyze, and interpret legends related to the academic experience of collegiate life.
Claire Howell MajorEmail:
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12.
The Creation of OpenCourseWare at MIT   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
This paper traces the genesis of the MIT OpenCourseWare project from its initial strategic precursors in 1999 and 2000, through its launch in 2001 and its subsequent evolution. The story told here illuminates the interplay among institutional leadership, and strategic planning, and with university culture in launching major educational technology enterprises. It also shows how initiatives can evolve in unexpected ways, and can even surpass their initial goals. The paper concludes with an overview of challenges facing OpenCourseWare in moving from the end of its production ramp-up and towards sustainability.
Hal AbelsonEmail:
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13.
Technology in Support of Collaborative Learning   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper reviews the research conducted in the last 20 years on the application of technology in support of collaborative learning in higher education. The review focuses primarily on studies that use Internet-based technologies and social interaction analysis. The review provides six sets of observations/recommendations regarding methodology, empirical evidence, and research gaps and issues that may help focus future research in this emerging field of study.
Paul RestaEmail:
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14.
The form factors of handheld computers make them increasingly popular among K-12 educators. Although some compelling examples of educational software for handhelds exist, we believe that the potential of this platform are just being discovered. This paper reviews innovative applications for mobile computing for both education and entertainment purposes, and then proposes a framework for approaching handheld applications we call “augmented reality educational gaming.” We then describe our development process in creating a development platform for augmented reality games that draws from rapid prototyping, learner-centered software, and contemporary game design methodologies. We provide a narrative case study of our development activities spread across five case studies with classrooms, and provide a design narrative explaining this development process and articulate an approach to designing educational software on emerging technology platforms. Pedagogical, design, and technical conclusions and implications are discussed.
Eric KlopferEmail:
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15.
This research assessed the value of case study methodology in the design of an educational computer simulation. Three sources of knowledge were compared to assess the value of case study: practitioner and programmer knowledge, disciplinary knowledge, and knowledge obtained from a case study of teacher practice. A retrospective analysis revealed that the case study was the source of 16 out of 23 design decisions and therefore was the most significant influence on the design of the simulation. The case study was particularly effective in sensitizing the design team to the classroom context, identifying common and uncommon teacher practices, revealing unexpected dimensions of interactions in the classroom, and generating constructive changes to the design of the simulation. Case studies can significantly enrich the design of educational software and are a promising methodological choice for design teams.
S. KhanEmail:
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16.
Reflections on Investigating Emotion in Educational Activity Settings   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
This article represents our current reflections on our approach to inquiry on emotions in education. Our views reflect an eclectic blend of, educational, psychological, and social historical approaches to inquiry on emotion and emotional regulation. In an effort to explicate our approach, we address our working definitions of emotion and emotional regulation. Next, we discuss our views on transactions among cognition, motivation and emotions, as well as the methods and methodologies that guide our inquiry on emotions in education. We conclude with some of the problems associated with, as well as a discussion of why, in spite of the challenges related to doing inquiry on emotions, the study of emotions can be useful for improving educational processes.
Paul A. SchutzEmail:
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19.
In this rejoinder to Bryan Brown and John Reveles, we highlight the facts that (a) sociocultural theories of learning do not go far enough because they fail to address a number of issues and (b) we require concepts such as power and positionality to understand science learning.
Angela Calabrese BartonEmail:
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20.
The whole mode of Galileo’s discovery of the Law of Inertia is an excellent exemplar of the Nature of Science. The law can, moreover be shown to be a direct consequence of the hypothesis that space is homogeneous and isotropic and time is homogeneous
Calvin KalmanEmail:
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