共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Brian Hanley Athanassios Bissas Andrew Drake 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):110-124
The aim of this study was to analyse the important kinematic variables in elite men's and women's 20 km race walking. Thirty men and 30 women were analysed from video data recorded during the World Race Walking Cup. Video data were also recorded at four points during the European Cup Race Walking and 12 men and 12 women analysed from these data. Two camcorders operating at 50 Hz recorded at each race for 3D analysis. The two main performance determinants of speed were step length and cadence. Men were faster than women because of their greater step lengths but there was no difference in cadence. A reduction in step length was the initial cause of slowing down with later decreases in speed caused by reductions in cadence. Shorter contact times were important in optimising both step length and cadence, and faster athletes tended to have longer flight times than slower athletes. It was less clear which other kinematic variables were critical for successful walking, particularly with regard to joint angles. Different associations were found for some key variables in men and women, suggesting that their techniques may differ due to differences in height and mass. 相似文献
2.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):272-279
Abstract Race walking is an endurance event which also requires great technical ability, particularly with respect to its two distinguishing rules. The 50 km race walk is the longest event in the athletics programme at the Olympic Games. The aims of this observational study were to identify the important kinematic variables in elite men's 50 km race walking, and to measure variation in those variables at different distances. Thirty men were analysed from video data recorded during a World Race Walking Cup competition. Video data were also recorded at four distances during the European Cup Race Walking and 12 men analysed from these data. Two camcorders (50 Hz) recorded at each race for 3D analysis. The results of this study showed that walking speed was associated with both step length (r=0.54,P=0.002) and cadence (r=0.58,P=0.001). While placing the foot further ahead of the body at heel strike was associated with greater step lengths (r=0.45,P=0.013), it was also negatively associated with cadence (r= ?0.62,P<0.001). In the World Cup, knee angles ranged between 175 and 186° at initial contact and between 180 and 195° at midstance. During the European Cup, walking speed decreased significantly (F=9.35,P=0.002), mostly due to a decrease in step length between 38.5 and 48.5 km (t=8.59,P=0.014). From this study, it would appear that the key areas a 50 km race walker must develop and coordinate are step length and cadence, although it is also important to ensure legal walking technique is maintained with the onset of fatigue. 相似文献
3.
李淑芳 《天津体育学院学报》1996,11(2):65-68
以国际田联规定的竞走定义为依据, 采用高速摄影及影片解析的方法对高红苗在1994 年全国竞走锦标赛和1995 年世界杯竞走赛的竞走技术进行诊断。技术诊断结果如下: (1) 高在10km 赛程中能够保持稳定的步长, 且步长与步频合理; (2) 高的单步技术中腾空时间处于模糊腾空时限。躯干前俯角较大, 身体重心上下起伏较大, 存在被判罚腾空技术犯规的可能性; (3) 高的单步技术中前脚着时脚掌与地面的仰角合理, 支撑腿至垂直部位的膝角正确。 相似文献
4.
对我国优秀少年女子竞走运动员主要技术特征的运动学分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
赵俊龙 《沈阳体育学院学报》2004,23(6):766-768
采用摄像及录像解析等研究方法,对2002年"海尔斯"杯全国竞走锦标赛暨亚运会选拔赛少年女子5000米场地赛前3名运动员(年龄在17岁以下)的技术进行分析,分别拍摄每个运动员在比赛进行到1150米处、2750米处、4350米处的技术图片资料,并进行解析,以取得每个运动员一个复步的各个阶段和各个技术环节的定量数据。研究结果表明:有2名运动员的腾空时间超过了合理的腾空时限;单步身体重心垂直位移和头顶垂直位移均较大;躯干前倾后仰幅度较大;膝关节技术动作符合竞走定义的要求;运动员的足掌触地角较小。 相似文献
5.
竞走速度是所有关于竞走运动技术和特征研究的首要问题,也是所有竞速项目最终要解决的问题。运用文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法对12运会男子、女子20km前8名运动员的速度特征进行分析,探求中国竞走运动员速度发展的趋势以及存在的问题,为中国竞走运动员参加2015世界田径锦标赛和2016里约奥运会提供参考。 相似文献
6.
我国优秀女子竞走运动员关键技术的生物力学研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用１６ｍｍ高速摄影机进行比赛现场单步技术动作拍摄，拍摄频率为１２２幅／ｓ。采用国家体委体育科研所运动生物力学研究室影片解析系统，对国家竞走集训队运动员王妍、谷燕的竞走技术进行解析。研究结果，王妍、谷燕竞走技术符合国际田联新竞走定义。 相似文献
7.
以国际田联规定的竞走定义为依据,采用现场技术动作录像及技术动作高速摄影的方法,对俄罗斯的尼科拉耶娃在1995年世界杯竞走赛的比赛技术进行诊断。技术诊断结果如下:(1)在10km赛程中能够保持稳定的步长,且步长与步频合理;(2)单步技术中腾空时间处于不可见腾空时限,且躯干角合理,身体重心上下起伏较小;(3)单步技术中前脚着地时脚掌与地面的仰角合理,支撑腿至垂直部位的膝角正确。 相似文献
8.
第27届奥运会女子20公里竞走王丽萍、刘宏宇关键技术解析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
国际田联的“竞走定义”规范了竞走比赛的技术动作标准。如果运动员违反“竞走定义”受到3名不同裁判员的严重警告，将被取消比赛资格，因此“竞走定义”成为竞走的关键技术。在第27届奥运会上王丽萍荣获女子20公里竞走项目金牌，但仍受到2名裁判员的严重警告。世界杯赛和世界锦标赛的双赛冠军刘洪宇，在第27届奥运会女子20公里比赛中于16公里处，因受到3名不同裁判员的严重警告，被取消比赛资格，失去争夺金牌的机会。因此，对王丽萍、刘宏宇竞走关键技术的解析是必要的，对符合“竞走定义”的技术给予巩固，对违反“竞走定义”的技术给予改进。 相似文献
9.
10.
全国竞走锦标赛成年女子20km竞走全程速度节奏研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
速度节奏是影响体能类竞速项目运动成绩的重要因素。通过文献资料法、数理统计法和访问调查等研究方法对2010年全国竞走锦标赛成年女子20km竞走全程速度节奏的研究结果表明:①此次比赛前六名选手呈现出的速度节奏是加速—调整—再加速—降速—冲刺;②年轻选手的战术选择存在较大问题,缺乏对个体竞技能力和竞赛环境的正确认识和把握;③与2007年相比,目前我国成年女子20km竞走项目处于全面落后状态,集团竞争力差,次最大速度下的耐力水平急待于提高。 相似文献
11.
Josu Gomez-Ezeiza Jon Torres-Unda Nicholas Tam Jon Irazusta Cristina Granados 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(19):2235-2241
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between biomechanical parameters of the gait cycle and race walking economy in world-class Olympic race walkers.Methods: Twenty-One world-class race walkers possessing the Olympic qualifying standard participated in this study. Participants completed an incremental race walking test starting at 10 km·h?1, where race walking economy (ml·kg?1·km?1) and spatiotemporal gait variables were analysed at different speeds.Results: 20-km race walking performance was related to race walking economy, being the fastest race walkers those displaying reduced oxygen cost at a given speed (R = 0.760, p < 0.001). Longer ground contact times, shorter flight times, longer midstance sub-phase and shorter propulsive sub-phase during stance were related to a better race walking economy (moderate effect, p < 0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the fastest race walkers were more economi cal than the lesser performers. Similarly, shorter flight times are associated with a more efficient race walking economy. Coaches and race walkers should avoid modifying their race walking style by increasing flight times, as it may not only impair economy, but also lead to disqualification. 相似文献
12.
Schwameder H Lindenhofer E Müller E 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2005,4(2):227-243
Lower extremity joint loading during walking is strongly affected by the steepness of the slope and might cause pain and injuries in lower extremity joint structures. One feasible measure to reduce joint loading is the reduction of walking speed. Positive effects have been shown for level walking, but not for graded walking or hiking conditions. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of walking speed (separated into the two components, step length and cadence) on the joint power of the hip, knee and ankle and to determine the knee joint forces in uphill and downhill walking. Ten participants walked up and down a ramp with step lengths of 0.46, 0.575 and 0.69 m and cadences of 80, 100 and 120 steps per minute. The ramp was equipped with a force platform and the locomotion was filmed with a 60 Hz video camera. Loading of the lower extremity joints was determined using inverse dynamics. A two-dimensional knee model was used to calculate forces in the knee structures during the stance phase. Walking speed affected lower extremity joint loading substantially and significantly. Change of step length caused much greater loading changes for all joints compared with change of cadence; the effects were more distinct in downhill than in uphill walking. The results indicate that lower extremity joint loading can be effectively controlled by varying step length and cadence during graded uphill and downhill walking. Hikers can avoid or reduce pain and injuries by reducing walking speed, particularly in downhill walking. 相似文献
13.
The aim of this study was to analyse gait variability and symmetry in race walkers. Eighteen senior and 17 junior athletes race walked on an instrumented treadmill (for 10 km and 5 km, respectively) at speeds equivalent to 103% of season’s best time for 20 km and 10 km, respectively. Spatio-temporal and ground reaction force (GRF) data were recorded at 2.5 km, and at 4.5, 6.5 and 8.5 km for a subsection of athletes. Gait variability was measured using median absolute deviation (MAD) whereas inter-leg symmetry was measured using the symmetry angle. Both groups showed low variability for step length (<0.9%), step frequency (<1.1%), contact time (≤1.2%) and vertical peak force values (<5%), and neither variability nor symmetry changed with distance walked. Junior athletes were more variable for both step length (P = 0.004) and loading force (P = 0.003); no differences for gait symmetry were found. Whereas there was little mean asymmetry overall, individual analyses identified asymmetry in several athletes (symmetry angle ≥ 1.2%). Importantly, asymmetrical step lengths were found in 12 athletes and could result from underlying imbalances. Coaches are advised to observe athletes on an individual basis to monitor for both variability and asymmetry. 相似文献
14.
Race walking is an Olympic event where no visible loss of contact should occur and the knee must be straightened until midstance. The purpose of this study was to analyse ground reaction forces of world-class race walkers and associate them with key spatiotemporal variables. Nineteen athletes race walked along an indoor track and made contact with two force plates (1000 Hz) while being filmed using high-speed videography (100 Hz). Race walking speed was correlated with flight time (r = .46, p = .049) and flight distance (r = .69, p = .001). The knee's movement from hyperextension to flexion during late stance meant the vertical push-off force that followed midstance was smaller than the earlier loading peak (p < .001), resulting in a flattened profile. Athletes with narrower stride widths experienced reduced peak braking forces (r = .49, p = .046), peak propulsive forces (r = .54, p = .027), peak medial forces (r = .63, p = .007) and peak vertical push-off forces (r = .60, p = .011). Lower fluctuations in speed during stance were associated with higher stride frequencies (r = .69, p = .001), and highlighted the importance of avoiding too much braking in early stance. The flattened trajectory and consequential decrease in vertical propulsion might help the race walker avoid visible loss of contact (although non-visible flight times were useful in increasing stride length), while a narrow stride width was important in reducing peak forces in all three directions and could improve movement efficiency. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
采用数理统计法,对2010年广州亚运会上男子20km、女子20km优秀竞走选手的速度特征进行研究。结果表明：在20 km竞走比赛的最后阶段,大多数男子选手的速度呈下降趋势,获得前3名的女子选手的速度也呈下降趋势。优秀男子20km选手的最低平均速度出现在12~14km段,最高平均速度出现在14~16km段;获得前3名的女子运动员最低平均速度出现在18~20km段,最高平均速度出现在8~10km段;男子各段速度起伏较大,女子各段平均速度起伏较小。 相似文献
18.
Taeyou Jung Yumi Kim Hyosok Lim Konstantinos Vrongistinos 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(3):297-307
The purpose of this study was to investigate kinematic and spatiotemporal variables of aquatic treadmill walking at three different water depths. A total of 15 healthy individuals completed three two-minute walking trials at three different water depths. The aquatic treadmill walking was conducted at waist-depth, chest-depth and neck-depth, while a customised 3-D underwater motion analysis system captured their walking. Each participant’s self-selected walking speed at the waist level was used as a reference speed, which was applied to the remaining two test conditions. A repeated measures ANOVA showed statistically significant differences among the three walking conditions in stride length, cadence, peak hip extension, hip range of motion (ROM), peak ankle plantar flexion and ankle ROM (All p values < 0.05). The participants walked with increased stride length and decreased cadence during neck level as compared to waist and chest level. They also showed increased ankle ROM and decreased hip ROM as the water depth rose from waist and chest to the neck level. However, our study found no significant difference between waist and chest level water in all variables. Hydrodynamics, such as buoyancy and drag force, in response to changes in water depths, can affect gait patterns during aquatic treadmill walking. 相似文献
19.
Emmanuel S. Da Rocha Marcos R. Kunzler Maarten F. Bobbert Jacques Duysens 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(11):1305-1311
Walking is one of the preferred exercises among elderly, but could a prolonged walking increase gait variability, a risk factor for a fall in the elderly? Here we determine whether 30 min of treadmill walking increases coefficient of variation of gait in elderly. Because gait responses to exercise depend on fitness level, we included 15 sedentary and 15 active elderly. Sedentary participants preferred a lower gait speed and made smaller steps than the actives. Step length coefficient of variation decreased ~16.9% by the end of the exercise in both the groups. Stride length coefficient of variation decreased ~9% after 10 minutes of walking, and sedentary elderly showed a slightly larger step width coefficient of variation (~2%) at 10 min than active elderly. Active elderly showed higher walk ratio (step length/cadence) than sedentary in all times of walking, but the times did not differ in both the groups. In conclusion, treadmill gait kinematics differ between sedentary and active elderly, but changes over time are similar in sedentary and active elderly. As a practical implication, 30 min of walking might be a good strategy of exercise for elderly, independently of the fitness level, because it did not increase variability in step and stride kinematics, which is considered a risk of fall in this population. 相似文献
20.
李淑芳 《天津体育学院学报》1994,9(4):59-62
在比赛现场采用高速摄影拍摄，对技术图片进行直接测量和解析，依据国际田联比赛规则中竞走定义的技术标准，对我国优秀运动员李春秀、高红苗的竞走技术进行对比分析研究，并指出其技术优缺点。目的在于提高我国女子竞走技术，在１９９５年北京举行的竞走世界杯赛上，避免技术犯规，夺取金牌。 相似文献