共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
Da SU Faisal SULTAN Ning-chun ZHAO Bing-ting LEI Fu-biao WANG Gang PAN Fang-min CHENG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,(11)
研究目的:阐明水稻穗内不同粒位间的主要矿质营养元素和植酸含量差异、粒位分布特点及其与品种穗型间的联系。创新要点:将水稻品种的穗型变化与稻米营养品质结合起来,从水稻穗粒结构角度,对同一稻穗内不同籽粒间的主要矿质营养元素与植酸含量差异、粒位分布特点及其与水稻品种穗型间的相互关系进行了较系统的探讨分析。研究方法:以典型的直立穗型和弯穗型粳稻品种为材料,通过对两类水稻品种在相同栽培条件下籽粒矿质营养元素和植酸含量的测定分析,并依据水稻籽粒在稻穗上的着生部位,将同一稻穗内的不同籽粒划分为六个粒位,比较分析了两类品种同一稻穗内不同部位间矿质营养元素和植酸含量的差异变化及其粒位分布特点。重要结论:水稻穗型虽然与品种间的籽粒矿质营养元素和植酸含量高低没有直接关系,但对其穗内不同籽粒间的主要矿质营养元素和植酸含量存在着较大影响;与稻穗中下部的弱势粒相比,同一稻穗内着生在稻穗上中部的强势粒通常具有相对较高的锌、铁矿质元素含量,而籽粒植酸含量和植酸/锌(铁)摩尔比则有所降低,稻米营养品质也相对较好;不同矿质营养元素相比,粒位效应对铁矿质营养的影响作用要略大于对钙和锌营养元素含量。 相似文献
2.
水稻穗部籽粒的同胞竞争现象 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
１９９７年在华南地区大田条件下，通过去除水稻穗部每枝梗顶端小花；去除每枝梗顶端第２小花；去除穗上部２５％的小花；去除穗上部５０％的小花；去除穗上部７５％的小花和不作任何去除等６种处理，研究了水稻同穗籽粒间的同胞竞争关系．结果表明，去除部分小花后结实率显著上升，与对照相比各处理分别上升９．７％，６．７％，８．２％，１０．３％和１１．８％．水稻穗部每个枝梗顶端第１小花是同胞群体中的优势粒位，顶端第２小花是同胞群体中的劣势粒位．去除优势小花，同胞群体的穗粒重（２．５８ｇ）基本不受影响，而去除劣势小花，同胞群体的穗粒重（２．１１ｇ）则显著下降 相似文献
3.
Improved yield and Zn accumulation for rice grain by Zn fertilization and optimized water management 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yu-yan WANG Yan-yan WEI Lan-xue DONG Ling-li LU Ying FENG Jie ZHANG Feng-shan PAN Xiao-e YANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,15(4):365-374
研究目的：在生产高度集约化体系下,研究节水灌溉措施及锌肥对水稻产量及锌积累量的影响。创新要点：目前关于干湿交替能否对水稻增产仍存在争议,对锌含量及生物有效性也鲜有报道。因此,针对这些问题,本文系统地研究影响水稻产量及品质的两大限制性因素,即锌肥和灌溉方式对稻米锌生物有效性的影响。研究方法：采用盆钵试验模拟大田锌肥及水分管理方式,两种基因型、两种锌肥种类、两种水分管理,三个重复控制误差。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定微量元素锌含量,以精米中植酸含量表征锌生物有效性。重要结论：干湿交替在增加了稻米产量、锌含量及积累量方面效果显著。干湿交替结合土施硫酸锌肥可以作为水稻生产体系中获得高产、高锌、高生物有效性的农艺措施。 相似文献
4.
以陕西黑稻主要栽培种为实验材料，采用原子吸收分光光度法和荧光分光光度法，分别测定了各品种精米与米糠中的Ca、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ge和Se的含量．结果表明，黑米米糠是所测矿质及微量营养元素的集中分布区域．同一栽培条件不同品种间各元素含量存在明显差异，且元素种类不同，差异也不尽相同． 相似文献
5.
目的:分析水稻根表铁膜形成及其对水稻养分吸收的影响.为水稻施肥提供参考.方法:本试验以3种不同类型的水稻品种:磷敏感型水稻通粳981(TJ981)、耐低磷水稻郑旱6(ZH6)和根系扩展型水稻镇稻99(ZD99)为材料,采用营养液培养法,研究低磷(CK:LP=25:1)导致根表形成铁膜,营养元素(Fe、Cu、Mg、Ca、Zn、K等)在植株机体内的积累,以及根表铁膜对根系吸收营养元素的影响.结果:低磷处理水稻根系表面形成红棕色的铁膜,不同基因型水稻品种根表铁含量(以DCB-Fe含量计)存在差异,且铁膜的形成是不可逆的;水稻体内Fe含量显著增加;Cu在根部组织中含量显著增加,但地上部分变化不明显;其它元素(Mg、Ca、Zn、K)在不同水稻品种或同一品种的不同组织中的含量变化不一.结论:低磷导致根表铁膜的形成,且铁膜可促进水稻体内铁、铜含量的增加,但其对其它营养元素的吸收影响并未呈现一定的规律性. 相似文献
6.
Yu-yan WANG Yan-yan WEI Lan-xue DONG Ling-li LU Ying FENG Jie ZHANG Feng-shan PAN Xiao-e YANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,(4)
研究目的:在生产高度集约化体系下,研究节水灌溉措施及锌肥对水稻产量及锌积累量的影响。创新要点:目前关于干湿交替能否对水稻增产仍存在争议,对锌含量及生物有效性也鲜有报道。因此,针对这些问题,本文系统地研究影响水稻产量及品质的两大限制性因素,即锌肥和灌溉方式对稻米锌生物有效性的影响。研究方法:采用盆钵试验模拟大田锌肥及水分管理方式,两种基因型、两种锌肥种类、两种水分管理,三个重复控制误差。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定微量元素锌含量,以精米中植酸含量表征锌生物有效性。重要结论:干湿交替在增加了稻米产量、锌含量及积累量方面效果显著。干湿交替结合土施硫酸锌肥可以作为水稻生产体系中获得高产、高锌、高生物有效性的农艺措施。 相似文献
7.
试验以籽粒高锌型水稻Ｖ５６和低锌型水稻湘早籼１７为材料,运用溶液培养和同位素示踪技术探讨了水稻不同时期锌的吸收、运转和分配,特别是锌往籽粒的运输与分配。试验结果表明：Ｖ５６在苗期根系积累的锌较少,而往地上部运转锌的速率大;在生殖阶段,其锌往剑叶的分配率低,往籽粒的锌分配率高。湘早籼１７的结果恰恰相反 相似文献
8.
通过对主茎优势型品种的籽粒灌浆特性及不同栽培措施对其作用结果进行了分析。结果表明,大穗、多粒、主茎优势型品种籽粒干重增加的关键时期是小麦灌浆的快增期。提高灌浆增后期至快增前期的灌浆速率;稳定快增后期灌浆速率;促进缓增期的灌浆速率对于提高此类品种籽粒干重至关重要,在本试验条件下,大穗、多粒、主茎分蘖优势型品种有利于籽粒干重增的最佳播期是１０月４日,最佳播量是３７５＊１０＾４粒／ｈｍ＾２,最佳的施肥方 相似文献
9.
研究结果表明,各性状与籽粒产量遗传相关密切程度为行粒数＞轴粗＞出籽率＞穗行数＞穗位＞千粒重：直接通径系数为行粒数＞千粒重＞穗行数＞轴粗＞出籽宰＞穗位．认为单株籽粒产量改良,应在稳定穗数的基础上,着重提高行粒数;适当增加轴租,以利提高千粒重：协调好穗行数、行粒数、千粒重三者关系．实现单株产量的较大幅度增长。 相似文献
10.
采用二倍体胚和三倍体胚乳的种子遗传模型及其分析方法,以锌含量不同的7个玉米自交系及其间配置的F1、F2,BC1、BC2、RBC1、RBC2世代为材料,研究了7个玉米种子性状的胚直接效应、胚乳直接效应、细胞质效应和母体效应.结果表明,籽粒锌含量及籽粒粒型性状的遗传同时受种子胚效应、胚乳效应和母体效应的影响,并以母体效应为主,选择短、窄粒且粒重较小的籽粒作为母本有利于选到后代富锌组合. 相似文献
11.
Wu CY Feng Y Shohag MJ Lu LL Wei YY Gao C Yang XE 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(5):408-418
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for humans, but Zn deficiency has become serious as equally as iron (Fe) and vitamin
A deficiencies nowadays. Selection and breeding of high Zn-density crops is a suitable, cost-effective, and sustainable way
to improve human health. However, the mechanism of high Zn density in rice grain is not fully understood, especially how Zn
transports from soil to grains. Hydroponics experiments were carried out to compare Zn uptake and distribution in two different
Zn-density rice genotypes using stable isotope technique. At seedling stage, IR68144 showed higher 68Zn uptake and transport rate to the shoot for the short-term, but no significant difference was observed in both genotypes
for the long-term. Zn in xylem sap of IR68144 was consistently higher, and IR68144 exhibited higher Zn absorption ratio than
IR64 at sufficient (2.0 μmol/L) or surplus (8.0 μmol/L) Zn supply level. IR64 and IR68144 showed similar patterns of 68Zn accumulation in new leaves at seedling stage and in developing grains at ripening stage, whereas 68Zn in new leaves and grains of IR68144 was consistently higher. These results suggested that a rapid root-to-shoot translocation
and enhanced xylem loading capacity may be the crucial processes for high Zn density in rice grains. 相似文献
12.
Genotypic and environmental variation in cadmium, chromium, arsenic, nickel, and lead concentrations in rice grains 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Genotypic and environmental variation in Cd, Cr, As, Ni and Pb concentrations of grains, and the relationships between these heavy metals and Fe, Zn were investigated using 9 rice genotypes grown in 6 locations for two successive years. Significant genotypic variation was detected in the five heavy metal concentrations in grains, indicating the possibility to reduce the concentration of these heavy metals in grains through breeding approach. The environmental effect varied with metal, with Pb and Ni having greater variation than the other three metals. There was significant genotype-environment （location） interaction of the concentrations of all five heavy metals in grains, suggesting the importance of cultivar choice in producing rice with low heavy metal concentrations in grains for a given location. Correlation analysis showed that Cd and As, Cr and Ni, and As and Pb concentrations in rice grains were closely associated, and that Ni concentration in grains was negatively correlated with Zn concentration. 相似文献
13.
根据1987年晚稻试验结果,对水稻穗部17个经济性状进行遗传相关和通径分析表明,16个经济性状对单株产量的直接效应大小不同,其中以一、二次枝梗的实粒数和粒重的直接效应最大,但这三者之间存在着互为负效应的矛盾关系(即负间接通径系统最大),并认为粒重不变的情况下,增加二次枝梗的实粒数,是提高单株产量的主要途径,还讨论了增加二次枝梗及其谷粒数的可行途径,提出了生理育种是今后水稻超高产育种的关键之一的论点。 相似文献
14.
精米中微量元素铁铜锰锌的含量差异 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
蒋彬 《昭通师范高等专科学校学报》2002,24(2):45-48
通过对精米中微量元素铁铜锰锌的含量测定 ,对比分析白色糯米和普通白米、有色米和白色米中的含量差异 .结果表明 :有色米、白色糯米中微量元素铁铜锰锌含量明显高于普通白米 相似文献
15.
We characterized yield-relevant characters and their variations over genotypes and environments (locations and years) by examining two rice varieties (9746 and Jinfeng) with high yield potential.9746 and Jinfeng were planted in two locations of Shanghai,China,during 2005 and 2006.The results show that there was a large variation in grain yield between locations and years.The realization of high yield potential for the two types of rice was closely related to the improved sink size,such as more panicles per square meter or grains per panicle.Stem and leaf biomasses were mainly accumulated from tillering stage to heading stage,and showed slow decline during grain filling.Meanwhile,some photosynthetic characters including net photosynthesis rate (Pn),leaf area index (LAI),specific leaf area (SLA),fluorescence parameter (maximum quantum yield of PSII,Fv/Fm),chlorophyll content (expressed as SPAD value),as well as nutrient (N,P,K) uptake were also measured to determine their variations over genotypes and environments and their relationships with grain yield.Although there were significant differences between years or locations for most measurements,SLA at tillering and heading stages,Fv/Fm and LAI at heading stage,stem biomass at heading and maturity stages,and leaf nitrogen concentration at tillering and heading stages remained little changed,indicating their pos-sible applications as selectable characters in breeding programs.It was also found that stem nitrogen accumulation at tillering stage is one of the most important and stable traits for high yield formation. 相似文献
16.
杂交水稻华优63后期施氮肥,其穗部和叶片干物重增加,叶鞘和茎秆的干物质运转加快。叶片干重以花前施氮的最高。花前施氮钾,开花期叶鞘干重降低较多;灌浆末期至黄熟期和收割期叶鞘干重下降,分别以花后施氮和花前施氮钾下降也较多。开花期茎秆干重,以花前施氮下降明显,灌浆末期至黄熟期和收割期分别以花后施氮和花前施氮钾降低明显。穗部干重以花后施氮的最高。因此,华优63以花后追施氮肥为好,稻穗增重速度较快,产量较高。文中讨论了水稻生育后期施肥的一些原理和原则,关键在于促进叶片衰退缓慢,茎叶贮存物质迅速向谷粒运输,茎叶不徒长,谷粒产量高。 相似文献
17.
本文采用二因素随机区组试验,探讨了不同NPK养分,不同磁化处理的磁性化肥对杂交水稻产量及产量构成因素的影响。统计结果表明:不同磁肥对水稻产量的影响差异达到了极显著水平,其中以N_3P_1K_1×磁化粉煤灰(2000GS磁化处理)的磁肥的效果最好。养分与磁处理间存在显著互作反应,不同磁肥对有效穗数,每穗实粒数的影响均极显著,但对千粒重的影响不显著,水稻产量与有效穗数的偏相关程度较大,水稻产量约70％可由每株有效穗数、每穗实粒数的变异决定,NPK养分是磁肥主成分,其效应大于磁效应,且磁效应与养分有关。 相似文献
18.
Phytate： impact on environment and human nutrition. A challenge for molecular breeding 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Phytic acid (PA) is the primary storage compound of phosphorus in seeds accounting for up to 80% of the total seed phosphorus
and contributing as much as 1.5% to the seed dry weight. The negatively charged phosphate in PA strongly binds to metallic
cations of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Zn making them insoluble and thus unavailable as nutritional factors. Phytate mainly accumulates
in protein storage vacuoles as globoids, predominantly located in the aleurone layer (wheat, barley and rice) or in the embryo
(maize). During germination, phytate is hydrolysed by endogenous phytase(s) and other phosphatases to release phosphate, inositol
and micronutrients to support the emerging seedling. PA and its derivatives are also implicated in RNA export, DNA repair,
signalling, endocytosis and cell vesicular trafficking. Our recent studies on purification of phytate globoids, their mineral
composition and dephytinization by wheat phytase will be discussed. Biochemical data for purified and characterized phytases
isolated from more than 23 plant species are presented, the dephosphorylation pathways of phytic acid by different classes
of phytases are compared, and the application of phytase in food and feed is discussed.
Project supported by the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, Copenhagen, Denmark and HarvestPlus 相似文献
19.
21个杂交水稻品种主要农艺性状与产量的灰色关联度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用灰色关联度分析方法,研究分析了21个水稻杂交品种的主要农艺性状与产量、主要农艺性状之间的关系。结果表明,产量与农艺性状的关联度大小依次为:生育期千粒重株高一次分枝数穗长有效穗数着粒密度穗粒数抗倒伏系数穗实粒数生物产量。因此,在选育水稻品种时,应注意选择生育期较长、粒重及株高较高、一次分枝数较多、穗长较长的品种。 相似文献