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1.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans （PCDD/Fs） emissions in flue gas from two types of municipal solid waste incinerators （MSWIs） most commonly used in China were investigated in this study. The selected incinerators include two grate-type MSWIs： MSWI-A （350 t/d） and MSWI-B 050 t/d）, and two fluidized bed MSWIs： MSWI-C （400 t/d） and MSWI-D （400 t/d）, which are all equipped with semi-dry lime scrubber and bag filter except MSWI-D equipped with cyclone and wet scrubber （WS） as air pollutant control device （APCD）. Results indicated that the emission concentration and the international toxic equivalents （I-TEQs） of the PCDD/Fs from the stacks were in the range of 1.210-10.273 ng/Nm^3 and 0.019-0.201 ng I-TEQ/Nm^3, respectively. They were greatly lower than the emission regulation standard of PCDD/Fs in China （1.0 ng I-TEQ/Nm^3）. However, only the PCDD/Fs emission level from MSWI-C was below 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm^3. Although the homologue profiles were distinct, the contributions of the 2,3,7,8-subsituted congeners to the total I-TEQ were similar among all the investigated MSWIs. Two major 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, account for 47% and 9% （average values） of the total I-TEQ values, respectively. The correlation between PCDD/Fs levels and composition of flue gas was also discussed.  相似文献   

2.
Incineration as a method of reducing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) volume and recovery of energy has been developed gradually in China. More attention is paid on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, (PCDD/Fs) formed in MSW incineration process. This paper presents results of the analysis of PCDD/Fs in the residues of a fluidized bed incinerator co-firing MSW and coal in the Yuhang Thermal Power Plant. The effects of operation conditions and the wet scrubber system on PCDD/Fs formation were also analyzed. PCDD/Fs emitting from the smoke stack was 0.92 I-TEQ ng/Nm3. After the wet scrubber emission of dioxins increased and the shifting of homologue profiles in flue gas was also observed, PCDFs were not detected in the incinerator residues. From this, we can see that in the MSW incineration process, the formation mechanism of PCDFs was different from that of PCDDs. The results will benefit further research on the optimal operation of incinerator and control of PCDD/Fs emission from the MSW incinerator. Project supported by the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects 973. (G1999022211), and Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59836210, No. N1986 2598780472).  相似文献   

3.
Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ :　ＩｎｃｉｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｓａｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇＭｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌＳｏｌｉｄＷａｓｔｅ (ＭＳＷ)ｖｏｌｕｍｅａｎｄｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙｏｆｅｎｅｒ ｇｙｈａｓｂｅｅｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａ .Ｍｏｒｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｉｓｐａｉｄｏｎｐｏｌｙｃｈｌｏｒｉｎａｔｅｄｄｉｂｅｎｚｏ ｐ ｄｉｏｘｉｎｓａｎｄｐｏｌｙｃｈｌｏｒｉｎａｔｅｄｄｉｂｅｎｚｏｆｕｒａｎｓ (ＰＣＤＤ Ｆｓ)ｆｏｒｍｅｄｉｎＭＳＷｉｎｃｉｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ .Ｔｈｉｓｐ…  相似文献   

4.
Based on the Industrial Source Complex Short-Term Version 3 （ISCST3） model, a simplified modeling approach was developed to predict concentrations of congeners of polychlorinated-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans （PCDD/Fs） of agricultural soil, within a radius of 3 kin from a municipal solid waste incinerator （MSWI） plant after its 4-year operation in Hangzhou, China. Comparisons were made between the measured and estimated congener-specific concentrations and the international-toxic equivalent （I-TEQ） values of soil samples with respect to distance from the stack. The results indicate that the predictions of soil PCDD/F concentrations and K-TEQ values were generally lower than their observations, and that the higher the degree of underestimation seems, the greater the further downwind one gets. Nevertheless, most of the predictions were in good agreement with the trend of measured ones and were within a factor of ten for samples located within 1 kin of the plant. Besides, analysis of contributions of various deposition pathways confirms that in addition to wet particle deposition, the dry gaseous deposition is essential for realistic prediction of PCDD/F depositions to soil, especially for tetra- and penta-chlorinated dioxins.  相似文献   

5.
The emission of dioxins from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) has become a widespread concern. The effect of meteorological parameters (wind speed, atmospheric stability and mixing height) on the hourly ground level concentration (GLC) of dioxins was estimated using air dispersion models. Moreover, the health risks of dioxin exposure were evaluated for children and adults using the Nouwen equation. The total environmental exposure via air inhalation and food ingestion was calculated, based on linear fit equations. The results indicate that potentially severe pollution from dioxins occurs at a wind speed of 1.5 m/s with atmospheric stability class F. In addition, local residents in the study area are exposed to severe weather conditions most of the time, and the risk exposures for children are far higher than those for adults. The total exposure for children far exceeds the tolerable daily intake of dioxin recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) of 1–4 pg TEQ/(kg·d) under severe weather conditions. Results from modeling calculations of health risk assessment were consistent with dioxin levels obtained during actual monitoring of emissions.  相似文献   

6.
二噁英是一类持久性有机污染物,因其低含量及复杂的成分使得分析难度加大。主要介绍了二噁英分析所使用的毛细管柱的类型及固定相,评价了各种柱子的优劣,并对柱子的选择给出了建议。  相似文献   

7.
The effects of SO2, SO3 on de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and dibenzofurans （PCDFs） were studied using model fly ashes incorporating copper oxide and activated carbon. It was found that the inhibitive effect of SO2 on PCDD/Fs formation is similar to that of SO3. To investigate the inhibition mechanism, CuSO4 formations from both CuO and CuCl2 were examined. The ability of SO3 to convert CuCl2 and CuO on a silica support into sulfate is much stronger than that of SO2. However, replacing silica by activated carbon leads to a much high conversion of CuCl2 to CuSO4 in the presence of SO2. The promotion by activated carbon is explained by the reduction of CuCl2 to Cu2Cl2 and the eventual conversion of Cu2Cl2 into CuSO4 is the main inhibition mechanism of SO2 on de novo synthesis of PCDD/Fs.  相似文献   

8.
Background:Bone marrow mesenehymal stem cell(MSC)transplantation is a promising strategy in the treatment of myocardial infarction(MI).However,the time for transplanting cells remains controversial.The aim of this study was to find an optimal time point for cell transplantation.Methods:MSCs were isolated and cultured from Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats.MI model was set up in SD rats by permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery.MSCs were directly injected into the infarct berder zone at 1 h,1 week and 2 weeks after MI,respectively.Sham-operated and MI centrel groups received equal volume of phosphate buffered saline(PBS).At 4 weeks after MI,cardiac function Was assessed by echocardiography;vessel density Was analyzed on hematoxylin-eosin stained slides by light microscopy;the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes Was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidy1 transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL) assay;the expressions of proteins were analyzed by Western blot.Results:MSC transplantation improved cardiac function.reduced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and increased vessel density.These benefits were more obvious in l-week group than in 1-h and 2-week groups.There are more obvious increases in the ratio of bc1-2/bax and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and more obvious decreases in the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 in 1-week group than those in other two groups.Conclusion:MSC transplantation was beneficial for the recovery of cardiac function.MSC transplantation at l week post-MI exerted the best effects on increases of cardiac function,anti-apoptosis and angiogenesis.  相似文献   

9.
采用溶胶——凝胶技术制备了壳聚糖/SiO2/CdS纳米复合材料作为固相微萃取膜,用该萃取膜与气相色谱联用测定环境水样中喹硫磷、甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、二嗪磷等有机磷农药残留。对固相微萃取条件,如萃取温度,萃取时间、萃取的pH值以及萃取时溶液中离子强度等因素进行了优化。在优化的实验条件下,各目标农药样品的检测线性范围为2.0~1000 ng/mL,检出限为1.0~1.7 ng/mL。样品加标回收率为81.13%~105.31%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.09%~3.71%。方法具有快速、简便、准确、重现性好的特点。  相似文献   

10.
An experimental investigation is performed on side wall deformation at the pendant convective pass （PCP） in a 300 MW and a 600 MW utility boiler. The temperature distributions are measured on the side wall areas of the water-cooled wall, the PCP and the horizontal convective pass （HCP） in the two utility boilers. These experiments show that there are great temperature differences in the side wall areas during the startup process in both utility boilers. These temperature differences can reach 80-150 ~C with the side wall temperature in the PCP area higher than those in the water-cooled wall and the HCP. The highest temperature in the PCP is close to the flue gas side temperature at the same position in the horizontal flue gas pass. Thermal stress analyses are conducted in the side wall areas in the water-cooled wall, the PCP and the HCP with the software ANSYS. The results show that, at great temperature differences, the PCP side wall undergoes negative thermal stresses that exceed the yield strength causing deformation in the PCP side wall.  相似文献   

11.
本文的目的是研究半多孔内皮细胞的包膜(SPEUs)的效应 以PTMEG1000为基础的SPEU的多孔性为51.58%(±5.86%) 与天然脉管相比较,例如与一头6个月小牛胸部的上部下来的主动脉大血管相比较,SPEU的拉伸强度是足够强的 脉管的典型脉动压力服从静脉管压力(1.5～2%Δd/d),此压力小于动脉管压力(9～15%Δd/d) 在种植EC之前,观察了在SPEUs上培育的人皮的成纤维细胞(HDF) SPEU的DNA数量与HDF在一天之内种植;有71.9%(±11.01%)细胞被种植在SPEUs上 LDH试验表明:在有控制的和实验群数据之间没有显著的差别,说明没有细胞毒素 因此,EC在SPRUs上具有良好的粘附性,这是所期望的,而应用胶原实现了将EC种植在半微孔的SPEUs上的表面改善  相似文献   

12.
为探索循环流化床燃煤锅炉掺烧可燃气体的可行性及运行效果,对某煤化工企业工艺流程进行优化,将原工艺流程至放散（火炬）系统的富余可燃气通过燃料气系统引入燃煤锅炉掺烧。研究了掺烧燃气量对煤耗、飞灰含碳量及锅炉产汽量的影响。结果表明,150t/h燃煤锅炉掺烧燃气4000Nm3/h时,运行效果改善明显,煤耗平均降低10%,飞灰含碳量平均降低8%～12%,产汽量提高20%。  相似文献   

13.
INTRODUCTION Coking wastewater is generated in the produc- tion of coke, coal gas, tar and other coke by-products The coking wastewater includes inorganic pollutants such as ammonia, cyanogen, sulfocyan, heterocycle compounds and polycyclic aromatic compounds such as phenol, oils, naphthalene, pyridine, quinoline and anthracites, which are difficult to biodegradation under aerobic conditions (Ganczarczyk, 1972). Dis- charge of coking wastewater to the environment may cause severe contamin…  相似文献   

14.
INTRODUCTION Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and poly- chlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) are some major toxic substances unintentionally produced mainly from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). Attention has been focused on the best way for controlling and regulating such emissions. Among flue gas treatment technologies for post combustion zone emission control (Buekens and Huang, 1998; McKay, 2002), activated carbon adsorption (ACA) and techniques involving physical adsorp…  相似文献   

15.
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16.
We investigated the higher structure of konjac glucomannan (KGM) in the amorphous state and solution using a laser particle size analyzer and a water activity meter. The results show that the thermodynamic structures of native KGM were pri-marily composed of the lamella structure units, which involve both granular crystalline and amorphous regions, and that the connection zones of such units contained both loose and tight aggregation regions. The value of surface tension (σ) of native KGM,resting with the density of its hydroxyl groups' self-association, Was an important parameter to analyze the higher structures of native KGM in the thermodynamic swelling model of native KGM.  相似文献   

17.
Objective: To investigate the masseter inhibitory reflex (MIR) and its eventual changes in patients with episodic tension-type headache (TTH). Methods: MIR was studied in 21 patients with episodic TTH and 30 healthy subjects, with age and sex matched to the study cohort. Median age of patients was 17,0 years (ranged 16～49 years), median duration of disease 12 months (1～5 years), and median frequency of headache 7.5 d per month. Results: The second period of suppression (S2) of MIR was reduced in intensity and duration in 10% of controls and 66.7% (confidence interval (CI)=45.3%～85%; P<0.05) of patients with episodic TTH (χ2=74.9; P<0.001). In 3 (14.3%) of patients with episodic TTH, S2 was completely absent. No significant correlation between the duration of disease and headache frequency was found. Conclusion: Our results confirm the link between episodic TTH and reduction or absence of S2. Teenage patients with episodic TTH may exhibit marked pathological changes in S2 in contrast to older individuals.  相似文献   

18.
Lipoic acid (LA) has received great attention in the area of gold surface functionalization. In this study, LA was employed as a linker for the attachment of antibody to the gold surface of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip. By using this chip in a homemade SPR immunosensor, low molecular weight compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) can be detected at a low level of 0.01 ng/mL. There is a good linear relationship(R2 =0.943 1) between the results of SPR biosensor and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).  相似文献   

19.
关于寿命分布NBU(2)类的若干封闭性质   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Some new results about the NBU(2) class of life distributions were obtained. Firstly, it was proved that the decrease with time of the increasing concave ordering of the excess lifetime in a renewal process leads to the NBU (2) property of the interarrival times. Secondly, the NBU(2) class of life distributions is proved to be closed under the formation of series systems. Finally, it was also shown that the NBU(2) class is closed under convolution operation.  相似文献   

20.
Atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured during various seasons at six different cities/locations in Qingdao alongshore. The annual average PAHs concentration ranged from 16 ng/m3 (at a clean com- pared site) to 308 ng/m3 (in an industry site). The average total particulate PAHs concentration was 74.5 ng/m3 with a higher concentration of particulate PAHs in winter. Based on a year-round dataset, the sources of PAHs in the air of Qingdao were drawn by principal factor analysis and correlation analysis. The results indicated that vehicle emissions and oil burning were the main source of PAHs in Qingdao alongshore.  相似文献   

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