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1.
A new site-specific nutrient management approach was developed to break the apparent attainable yield barrier of 6 t·ha−1 in the double rice cropping system of Zhejiang. On-farm experiments involving 21 rice-growing farmer families and NPK long-term
experiments commenced in 1997 in the central part of Zhejiang Province to assess the status of soil fertility and productivity
under intensive rice-rice cropping. A new site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) approach has been developed for this studied
area. Field-specific fertilizer recommendations are calculated considering indigenous nutrient supply, reasonable grain yield
targets and corresponding nutrient demand, nutrient balance and nutrient use efficiency, as well as socio-economic factors.
The agronomic performance of SSNM was tested against the farmer's fertilizer practice (FFP) in four 1998–1999 cropping seasons.
Across seasons and years, SSNM consistently increased plant nutrient uptake, grain yield and profit by about 10%–15% compared
to the FFP. Yield levels of 7.5 t·ha−1 or more seem achievable and sustainable through introduction of SSNM and improved extension services in Zhejiang Province.
Project supported by the International Fertilizer Industry Association(IFA), the Potash and Phosphate Institute, Canada (PPIC),
and International Potash Institute(IPI). 相似文献
2.
Field experiments were conducted in farmers’ rice fields in 2001 and 2002 to study the effects of nitrogen (N) management
strategies on N use efficiency in recovery (RE), agronomy (AE) and physiology (PE) and redistribution of dry matter accumulation
(DMA) and nitrogen accumulation (NA) in two typical rice cultivars in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province. This study aimed mainly at
identifying the possible causes of poor fertilizer N use efficiency (NUE) of rice in Zhejiang by comparing farmers’ fertilizer
practice (FFP) with advanced site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) and real-time N management (RTNM). The results showed
that compared to FFP, SSNM and RTNM reduced DMA and NA before panicle initiation and increased DMA and NA at post-flowering.
There is no significant difference between SSNM and FFP in post-flowering dry matter redistribution (post-DMR) and post-flowering
nitrogen redistribution (post-NR). These results suggest that high input rate of fertilizer N and improper fertilizer N timing
are the main factors causing low NUE of irrigated rice in the farmer’s routine practice of Zhejiang. With SSNM, about 15%
of the current total N input in direct-seeding early rice and 45% in single rice could be reduced without yield loss in Zhejiang,
China.
Project supported by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC),
the Potash & Phosphate Institute and the Potash & Phosphate Institute of Canada (PPI-PPIC), the International Fertilizer Industry
Association (IFA), the International Potash Institute (IPI), and 948 Project of the Ministry of Agriculture of China (No.
2003-Z53) 相似文献
3.
Potential growth of two widely-grown hybrid rice varieties in the Jinhua district of Zhejiang Province, Shanyou63 for mid-rice and Xieyou46 for late rice, was simulated using a crop growth model of WOFOST. Parameters of the rice growth in WOFOST were calibrated through field experiments from 1999 to 2002 in Jinhua. The potential yield simulated with WOFOST was about 12 t/ha for Shanyou63 and 10 t/ha for Xieyou46, which are in good agreement with the highest recorded yield obtained in this area. Under farmers practice, current yield is about 7.5 t/ha for Shanyou63 and 6.5 t/ha for Xieyou46. There is a gap between the actual rice yield and the potential yield for these two hybrid rice varieties grown in this area. The attainable target yields were set to 70% to 75% of their potential yields for the two varieties. A recently developed software ＂Nutrient Decision Support System （NuDSS）＂ for irrigated rice was used to optimize nutrient management for these two rice varieties. According to NuDSS, the optimal fertilizer N requirement for the target yields was about 150 kg/ha for Shanyou63 and about 120 kg/ha for Xieyou46, which were only about 70% of the fertilizer N application under current farmers＇ practice. Comparing with farmers＇ practice, there is great potential to increase actual rice yields and to reduce fertilizer N use rates by improving rice crop management practice in Jinhua. 相似文献
4.
Targeted yield concept and a framework of fertilizer recommendation in irrigated rice domains of subtropical India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bera R Seal A Bhattacharyya P Das TH Sarkar D Kangjoo K 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(12):963-968
Soil test crop response （STCR） correlation studies were carried out in Vindhyan alluvial plain during 2001 to 2004 taking IR-36 as test crop to quantify rice production in the context of the variability of soil properties and use of balanced fertilizers based on targeted yield concept. The soils were developed on gently sloping alluvial plain with different physiographic settings and notable variation in drainage condition. Soil properties show moderate variation in texture （loamy to clay）, organic carbon content （4.4 to 9.8 g/kg）, cation exchange capacity （10,2 to 22.4 cmol （p＋）/kg） and pH （5.3 to 6,4）, Soil fertility status for N is low to medium （224 to 348 kg/ha）, P is medium to high （87 to 320 kg/ha） and K ranges from medium to high （158 to 678 kg/ha）. Database regarding nutrient requirement in kg/t of grain produce （NR）, the percent contribution from the soil available nutrients [CS （%）] and the percent contribution from the applied fertilizer nutrients [CF （%）] were computed for calibrating and fbrmulating fertilizer recommendations. Validity of the yield target for 7 and 8 t/ha was tested in farmers＇ fields and yields targets varied at less than 10%. The percent achievement of targets aimed at different level was more than 90%, indicating soil test based fertilizer recommendation approach was economically viable within the agro-ecological zone with relatively uniform cropping practices and socio-economic conditions. 相似文献
5.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｕｃｈａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐａｉｄｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｔｏｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｓｐｉｎｐｏｌａｒｉｚｅｄｔｕｎｎｅｌｉｎｇｉｎｊｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｗｏｆｅｒｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｓｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｄｂｙａｎｏｎｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｔｕｎｎｅｌｉｎｇｂａｒｒｉｅｒ(Ｙａｏｉｅｔａｌ.,1993;Ｎｏｗａｋｅｔａｌ.,1992;Ｓｕｅｚａｗａｅｔａｌ.,1992;ＬｅＣｌａｉｒｅｔａｌ.,1994;Ｐｌａｓｋｅｔｔｅｔａｌ.,1994;Ｍｉｙａｚａｋｉｅｔａｌ.,1995;Ｔｅｚｕｋａｅｔａｌ.,1996).Ａｓｉｇｎｉ… 相似文献
6.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｎａｔｕｒｅｏｆｓｕｂｓｔｒａｔｅｓｈａｓａｃｒｕｃｉａｌｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｎｂｏｔｈｔｈｅｍｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｌｍｓａｎｄｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍ (Ｈａｕｓｅｔａｌ.,1 987;Ｋｒｕｇｅｔａｌ.,1 990 ) .Ｆｏｒｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ,ｔｈｅｔｏｐｓｕｒｆａｃｅｓｏｆｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃｔｈｉｎｆｉｌｍｓｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｅｄｏｎｓｏｌｉｄｓｕｂｓｔｒａｔｅｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｈａｖｅａｒｏｕｇｈｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｂｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｂ… 相似文献
7.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｎａｎｏｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅＣａＣＯ3ｈａｓａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｂｒｏａｄａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｆｉｅｌｄｓ.Ｍａｎｙｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓｔｒｉｅｄｔｏｅｘｐｌａｉｎｔｈｅａｂｎｏｒｍａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｎａｎｏｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｖｉｅｗｐｏｉｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｃｒｙｓｔａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｃｒｙｓｔａｌｉｎｔｅｒｆａｃｉａｌｖｏｌｕｍ… 相似文献
8.
9.
刘青利 《安阳师范学院学报》2014,(2):63-66
采用广义灰色关联矩阵优势分析方法对河南省1990-2012年间的粮食总产量和粮食单产及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：粮食总产量和粮食单产受各相关因素的综合影响基本一致,说明河南省粮食总产量的增产主要依靠粮食单产的提高;而农田有效灌溉面积、化肥施用量和农用机械总动力是提高粮食单产的主控因素,应发展有机化肥逐步形成农田生态系统的良性循环;同时应严格执行耕地保护政策,确保粮食播种面积。 相似文献
10.
This work analyses the potential role of nitrogen pollution technology of crop systems of Pujiang, County in Eastern China‘s Zhejiang Province, rice and vegetables are important cropping systems. We used a case study approach involving comparison of farmer practices and improved technologies. This approach allows assessing the impact of technology on pollution, is forward looking, and can yield information on the potential of on-the-shelf technology and provide opportunities for technology development. The approach particularly suits newly developed rice technologies with large potential of reducing nitrogen pollution and for future rice and vegetables technologies. The results showed that substantial reductions in nitrogen pollution are feasible for both types of crops. 相似文献
11.
在粮食生产系统中,影响粮食产量的因素有很多。根据2000~2009年安徽省粮食产量及相关指标,通过计算灰色关联度,得到影响粮食生产的相关因子的灰色关联系数由大到小依次为:化肥施用量、粮食播种面积、乡村从业人员、有效灌溉面积、农业机械总动力、农民人均纯收入,可见在选取的6个指标中,化肥施用量和粮食播种面积对粮食产量的影响最大,而农民人均纯收入对其影响较小。 相似文献
12.
本文采用二因素随机区组试验,探讨了不同NPK养分,不同磁化处理的磁性化肥对杂交水稻产量及产量构成因素的影响。统计结果表明:不同磁肥对水稻产量的影响差异达到了极显著水平,其中以N_3P_1K_1×磁化粉煤灰(2000GS磁化处理)的磁肥的效果最好。养分与磁处理间存在显著互作反应,不同磁肥对有效穗数,每穗实粒数的影响均极显著,但对千粒重的影响不显著,水稻产量与有效穗数的偏相关程度较大,水稻产量约70％可由每株有效穗数、每穗实粒数的变异决定,NPK养分是磁肥主成分,其效应大于磁效应,且磁效应与养分有关。 相似文献
13.
自太平天国运动后期,江浙两省所开展的减赋运动,便以减漕为中心,先后相继,互相影响。大致而言,江苏减赋以核减漕额为重点,浙江减赋则以核减漕粮浮收为特色。经过此次减赋运动,江浙两省漕粮海运数量再也没有恢复到以前的水平,成为清代漕运制度史上的重要转折。 相似文献
14.
为给冬小麦高产提供合理施用磷肥的科学依据,采用田间试验法,以容城轻壤质潮土为研究对象,对农田土壤速效磷的养分状况及冬小麦田间试验进行分析,探讨了土壤的供肥能力。结果表明,容城土壤含磷水平较高,高、中水平占60%之多,但差异性较大,冬小麦土壤磷素贡献率高、中、低产田分别达到82.37%9、0.36%和84.82%,土壤的供磷能力分别为67.646、3.75和57.11kg/hm2,推算出了高、中、低产田冬小麦经济最佳施肥量分别为1191、11和109kg/hm2。 相似文献
15.
Liang Yuqi Liao Min Fang Zhiping Guo Jiawen Xie Xiaomei Xu Changxu 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2021,22(7):521-532
In order to reveal the mechanism of silicon(Si) fertilizer in improving nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) nutrient availability in paddy soil, we designed a series of soil culture experiments by combining application of varying Si fertilizer concentrations with fixed N and P fertilizer concentrations. Following the recommendations of fertilizer manufacturers and local farmers, we applied Si in concentrations of 0, 5.2, 10.4, 15.6, and 20.8 μg/kg. At each concentration of added Si, the availability of soil N and P nutrients, soil microbial activity, numbers of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and P-decomposing bacteria which means that the organic P is decomposed into inorganic nutrients which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, and urease and phosphatase activity first increased, and then decreased, as Si was added to the soil. These indicators reached their highest levels with a Si application rate of 15.6 μg/kg, showing values respectively 19.78%, 105.09%, 8.34%, 73.12%, 130.36%, 28.12%,and 20.15% higher than those of the controls. Appropriate Si application(10.4 to 15.6 μg/kg) could significantly increase the richness of the soil microbial community involved in cycling of N and P nutrients in the soil. When the Si application rate was15.6 μg/kg, parameters for characterizing microbial abundance such as sequence numbers, operational taxonomic unit(OTU)number, and correlation indices of microbial community richness such as Chao1 index, the adaptive coherence estimator(ACE)index, Shannon index, and Simpson index all reached maximum values, with amounts increased by 14.46%, 10.01%, 23.80%,30.54%, 0.18%, and 2.64%, respectively, compared with the control group. There is also a good correlation between N and P mineralization and addition of Si fertilizer. The correlation coefficients between the ratio of available P/total P(AP/TP) and the number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AP/TP and acid phosphatase activity(AcPA), AP/TP and the Shannon index, the ratio of available N/total amount of N(AN/TN) and the number of ammoniated bacteria, and AN/TN and AcPA were 0.9290, 0.9508,0.9202, 0.9140, and 0.9366, respectively. In summary, these results revealed that enhancement of soil microbial community structure diversity and soil microbial activity by appropriate application of Si is the key ecological mechanism by which application of Si fertilizer improves N and P nutrient availability. 相似文献
16.
专用有机复合肥料对不同季节蔬菜生产的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
方勇 《金华职业技术学院学报》2004,4(2):36-38
以常规施肥作对照，研究了施用专用有机复合肥料对夏、秋、冬三季的不同蔬菜的产量和品质的影响。结果表明：在不同季节不同蔬菜上施用专用有机复合肥料均比常规施肥有一定的增产效果，增产幅度在4．0％-16．8％之间，而在越冬蔬菜和秋季蔬菜上的增产效果尤为明显，比常规施肥的产量差异达显著水平；并且在提高蔬菜的内在品质方面有显著表现，其中番茄、黄瓜中VC含量都比常规施肥有所提高，而NO3^--N含量比常规施肥有显著的降低。 相似文献
17.
我国的粮食产量虽然持续增长,但是粮食自给率不断下降,在这一背景下,浙江省开展了粮食生产功能区建设。浙江省开展粮食生产功能区建设具有一定的优势,表现在耕地分布集中,生态环境较好;政府对农业生产的财政支持力度大;土地流转比例较高等。但同时也面临农业经营主体实力较弱,土地流转稳定性较差和农业社会化服务体系不够完善等一系列的问题。 相似文献
18.
Studies on nutrient uptake of rice and characteristics of soil microorganisms in a long-term fertilization experiments for irrigated rice 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The ecosystem characteristics of soil microorganism and the nutrient uptake of irrigated rice were investigated in a split-block experiment with different fertilization treatments, including control (no fertilizer application), PK, NK, NP, NPK fertilization, in the main block, and conventional rice and hybrid rice comparison, in the sub block. Average data of five treatments in five years indicated that the indigenous N supply (INS) capacity 相似文献
19.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｉｎｃｅＳａｇｉｖ(1980)ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄｔｈｅｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｃｔａｄｅｃｙｌｔｒｉｃｈｌｏｒｏｓｉｌａｎｅ(ＯＴＳ)ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓｗｉｔｈｓｌｉｄｅｇｌａｓｓｐｌａｔｅｓｔｏｆｏｒｍｓｅｌｆａｓｓｅｍｂｌｅｄｍｏｎｏｌａｙｅｒｓｉｎ1980ｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｔｉｍｅ,ｍａｎｙｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆＯＴＳｍｏｎｏｌａｙｅｒｓｏｎｍｉｃａ,ｓｉｌｉｃｏｎ,ｓｉｌｉｃａａｎｄｇｌａｓｓｓ… 相似文献
20.
本文估算了湖南省主要粮食作物的光合生产潜力,水稻21000—25500kg/ha、玉米12938—16725kg/ha、小麦 9000—12375kg/ha.并分析了它们的分布特征,从而为湖南省因地制宜发展粮食生产提供科学依据. 相似文献