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1.
Recent decades have seen a push for gender parity in education in low resource countries. Attention is shifting to how school environments hinder the achievement of gender equality. One effort, primarily led by the water, sanitation and hygiene sector, includes a focus on the needs of menstruating girls. This policy review aims to understand how the education sector is addressing menstruation management. We conducted an analysis of select education policy documents in 21 countries, including a frequency count and narrative analysis of relevant keywords. Findings suggest that existing national education policies inadequately provide for sufficient water and sanitation facilities or other menstruation-related improvements needed in schools. More recently developed WASH in schools policies present examples of potential approaches for education stakeholders to better address girls’ menstrual needs in school through policy and program responses. 相似文献
2.
Leonidas Kyriakides Maria P. Georgiou Bert P. M. Creemers Anastasia Panayiotou David Reynolds 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2018,29(2):171-203
This paper investigates the impact of national policies for improving teaching and the school learning environment (SLE) on student achievement. In each participating country (i.e., Belgium/Flanders, Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Ireland, and Slovenia), a sample of at least 50 schools was drawn and tests in mathematics and science were administered to all Grade 4 students (N = 10,742) at the beginning and end of school year 2010–2011. National policies were measured through (a) content analysis of policy documents, (b) interviews with policymakers, and (c) head-teacher questionnaires. Multilevel analyses revealed that most aspects of national policies for teaching and SLE were associated with student achievement in each subject irrespective of the source of data used to measure them. Implications are, finally, drawn. 相似文献
3.
AbstractTaking England as our case study, this paper reviews secondary school environmental education from a policy perspective. By drawing on Stevenson’s typologies for environmental improvement and Lucas’ categorisation of environmental education, we analyse national policy documents, local authority and Multi-Academy Trust policies; and individual school planning documents. Our findings suggest in these areas a general absence of environment education policy, and where identified a rhetoric towards conservative reform framed as technology solutions, where learning is about the environment, rather than for the environment. We explain how the (lack of) environmental education rhetoric is a result of global economic changes and national austerity policies, and offer insights and signposting for policy makers. 相似文献
4.
Blair R. Zanzig 《Economics of Education Review》1997,16(4):431-441
In this paper, the role of interjurisdictional competition among school districts is examined. Using 1970 California school district data and controlling for a variety of education inputs, achievement scores are found to rise as the local education market becomes more competitive. This relationship continues until a competitive threshold is reached, beyond which additional districts have no impact on achievement. It is estimated that three to four school districts per county are necessary to create a competitive market in education. These findings are consistent with similar studies examining the effect of entry in the private sector. Additionally, the results show a variety of parental, school and student inputs to be significant in “producing” student achievement. 相似文献
5.
School leadership as a key for school reforms has become a dominant theme in education, as demonstrated by a growing body of research during the last 15 years. Still, little attention has been paid to how changing international discourses on school leadership are translated into national public policy documents during the last decade. As such, this study provides additional insight into this field by analysing how Norwegian policy documents translate international discourses and re-contextualise national constructs of school leadership. Inspired by a critical approach, the authors address this issue by identifying discursive shifts in ideas about school leadership roles and practices. Based on an examination of four recent white papers on Norwegian education and school leadership, the authors argue that the policy documents constructed a tension between an international ‘explicit’ principal and a national ‘docile’ principal in 2003–2004, while recent documents construct a consensus-oriented, distributed leadership role for principals through the term ‘facilitating school leaders’. This may lead to contested interpretations as to how to perform school leadership in practice. 相似文献
6.
Sue Thomas Jayne Keogh Steve Hay 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2015,36(3):452-463
Recent education policy places a heavy emphasis on parents in relation to students' success at school. This paper explores how parents and teachers account for school success. Using membership categorisation analysis, it interrogates data collected in different interview situations across sites over a period of 20 years. The analysis shows how parents and teachers use talk as moral work to conversationally constitute particular agreed versions of the category ‘parent’. This category is interactively assembled through the use of category-bound attributes that construct deficit discourses of parents that explain student achievement. The analysis demonstrates that parents are complicit with teachers in producing versions of being a good parent wherein they are held responsible for their children's school success and that minimises the responsibility of the school. These findings raise questions both about who is responsible for schooling and about current contradictory policy emphases on parent and teacher responsibility for school success. 相似文献
7.
Norbella Miranda Silvia Valencia Giraldo 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2019,26(3):282-294
ABSTRACTThis article examines the ideologies present in Colombian official policy for English language teaching (ELT) and traces the links between governmental planning for state-funded schools and school pedagogical practices. Building on analysis of interviews with policy agents, policymakers’ pronouncements, documents and classroom observations, the article contends that instead of working towards educational equity, official policy actions are creating a new breach amongst state-funded schools, that is, between schools that are ‘focalised’ and others that are not. The national high-stakes exam for school leavers and the strategy of presenting policy goals and outcomes as a constant challenge perpetuate the knowledge-based economy ideology in the policy documents and pose a limit to teachers’ and schools’ decisions. The paper concludes with a call for a clear analysis of the material contexts of the ELT policy by policy actors at the macro-level and teacher agency that leads to student language learning despite policy constraints. 相似文献
8.
农村学校布局调整对学生成绩的影响——基于两水平增值模型的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章使用＂西发项目＂广西壮族自治区的面板数据考察农村小学布局调整对学生成绩的影响,对比两水平增值模型和OLS估计结果发现,学校布局调整整体上对小学生成绩具有负向影响,对语文成绩的影响尤为显著。学校办学条件、生均寄宿面积、学校满意度对学生成绩有正向影响,寄宿生的成绩略低于非寄宿生,家校距离、家庭经济负担、学校配套设施不健全、学校心理疏导缺失等因素对学生成绩产生负向影响,这种负向影响已经超出了学校办学条件等因素对学生成绩的正向影响。在实证研究的基础上,文章提出布局调整过程中,在改善办学条件的同时,应当做好硬件配套设施和软件环境的建设,保障相关财政投入,加强监督,以实现提高教育质量的目标。Abstract： This paper use the panel data of BEWAP to study the effect of layout adjustment of schools on student achievement in primary school of rural area in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.By the comparisons of two-level value-added model and OLS estimation results,the research shows that the layout adjustment policy generally has a negative effect on primary school students＇ achievement,especially on the language achievement.Specifically,the factors of school condition,dormitory area per-student and degree of school satisfaction have positive impacts on student achievement,the achievement of resident student slightly lower than non-resident student.The factors of farther home-school distance,more financial burden of families,inadequate supporting facilities of schools and the absence of psychological or other assistance have negative impacts on students＇ achievement,which are higher than the policy＇s positive effects.Based on the empirical study,this research suggests that the government should construct better hardware establishment and software condition while the improvement of school condition in the process of layout adjustment,ensure relevant financial input and enhance supervision so as to realize the goal of improving education quality. 相似文献
9.
Louis Volante 《Interchange》2013,44(3-4):169-178
This paper examines policy responses across Canada to international student assessment programs such as the program for international student assessment, trends in international mathematics and science study, and progress in international reading and literacy study. Literature reviewed included refereed and non-refereed journal articles, proceedings from academic conferences, ministry of education research reports and policy documents, books and other monographs, achievement data from various statistical databases, critiques published in newspapers, and other widely disseminated research reports. The comparative analysis suggests a variety of factors influence the nature and degree of policy responses to international comparison testing within various Canadian provinces. 相似文献
10.
This paper discusses performance evaluation and the introduction of incentives into education in Latin America from an analytical and methodological perspective. The aim is to describe ongoing strategies and learn from practical experiences in this field. The cases analyzed reveal that school-level evaluations and collective incentives adapt better to the characteristics of the educational process and the potential for teamwork, while individual evaluations pose some difficulties. Several evaluation systems currently in use emphasize educational inputs and, in some cases, mainly compliance with rules and procedures, irrespective of education results (output). If the factors considered in assessing school performance do not correlate well with educational achievement, the incentives vanish. Hence, the importance of emphasizing output and ensuring that if measures are included for inputs and processes, these must line up with educational achievement. 相似文献
11.
This paper proposes a theoretical framework on how school policy can promote student learning. School policy is considered to have an indirect effect on student achievement by changing school stakeholders' actions toward improving the School Learning Environment (SLE) and teaching practice. A reciprocal relationship between school policy and stakeholders' actions is also considered. A longitudinal study was conducted to test the framework's main assumptions. A stratified sample of 64 primary schools was selected and students' achievement in Mathematics at the beginning of Grade 4 and at the end of the next three consecutive school years was measured, alongside the school policy and teachers' actions with regards to issues associated with teaching and the SLE. The results of multilevel structural equation modelling analyses supported the main assumptions of the framework. Implications for the development of school policy are drawn and suggestions for further research are provided. 相似文献
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13.
The provincial government of Ontario, Canada, has committed itself to raising student achievement, closing achievement gaps, and increasing the public's confidence in public education. It has introduced many policies, including the Ontario Leadership Strategy (OLS), to support these goals. Our study examined how teachers, administrators, support staff, and parents in three elementary schools in Ontario understand and enact school success and successful school leadership within this (neo-liberal) context. Findings of a comparative analysis of Ontario policy texts and data from interviews with administrators, teachers, support staff, and parents in the schools demonstrate that the school-based participants defined success as academic learning, a positive school climate, and students' well-being. This definition differs from the definition prioritised by Ontario's government: high scores on standardised provincial and international tests. However, principals in the schools enacted leadership practices advocated by OLS to support locally defined notions of success. 相似文献
14.
This paper examines increasing privatisation of education in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Conceptually, the paper is informed by theories of privatisation and social justice; and methodologically, it uses policy analysis to examine documents and financial records obtained from government departments. The paper critically analyses education policy that has enabled the emergence of private sources of revenue (tuition fees and for-profit revenue) and the establishment of school and programme choice. Analysis of levels of international student tuition generated by school districts in the province reveals differential capacity to produce such revenue. The authors argue that this differential capacity is leading to the development of a fourth tier within a pre-existing three-tier K-12 education system in British Columbia. The article concludes with a discussion of implications related to social justice in education. 相似文献
15.
A national data base from the Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSAY) was employed to examine the effects of family commitment in education on student achievement in seventh grade science. The backward elimination procedure in the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) was adopted in this study to select significant variables of family commitment at α = .05. The results show that around 22% of the variance in student science achievement can be explained by the selected significant LSAY variables. An analysis of the impact of family commitment seems to indicate that parental education and encouragement are important factors in the improvement of student achievement. However, educators, including school personnel and parents, should exercise caution regarding how they help students with their homework and how they reward students for good grades. 相似文献
16.
Jill Blackmore 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(5):499-515
Parental involvement in schools, generally seen to be a good thing, is now closely linked through policy to the educational achievement of their children. In this Victorian case study, teacher and parent responses to policies advocating parental involvement are examined. It explores the intersections of gender and class in the context of changing home/school relationships characterised by policies and processes of institutionalisation, familialisation and individualisation that are shaping parental involvement. It suggests that the current discursive construction of parent/school relationships around partnerships for student learning fail to recognise the complexity of parent/teacher relations and its gendered nature. Feminist critical policy analysis framed by the sociology of the family inform our understandings of the ways changing discourses and practices currently are informing parental involvement in a culturally and socio‐economically diverse school. 相似文献
17.
教育政策可以划分为横向与纵向两个维度。横向教育政策是针对国家教育事业发展整体所确定的行动依据和准则,包括教育公平政策、创新人才培养政策、教育体制政策、教育信息化政策和教育国际化政策。纵向教育政策是针对不同类型与层次的教育所制定的具体行动依据与准则,包括学前教育、义务教育、高中教育、职业教育、高等教育、继续教育、民族教育、特殊教育等领域的教育政策。基于我国横、纵向教育政策关键问题的本质、特征与原因,应依据党的十九大对教育事业做出的总体部署,从教育质量认证与评估体系、人才资历框架构建、教育内涵发展模式转变、优质教育资源扩大、产学研融合发展等方面制定颁布、修订与创新教育政策内容。 相似文献
18.
This paper reports on a mixed methods study carried out within the Initial Teacher Education (ITE) programme at the University of Oxford on the ways that the course sought to frame and address the link between poverty and poorer educational outcomes. The study was concerned with the views held by ITE students on the effects of poverty on pupils' learning, well-being, and educational achievement. The paper initially explores why these questions are important, how they are framed internationally, and how they relate to current education policy, particularly in England. Data were collected from student teacher pre- and post-PGCE course questionnaires and a focus group discussion. The findings showed a tendency for student teachers to associate low achievement more strongly with family and cultural factors than with socio-economic or school factors, although there was some evidence that the thinking of some students changed during their programme. Implications for policy and practice in ITE are discussed with a view to ensuring that the social justice commitments espoused by many such courses are actually enabled more effectively to influence the learning experiences of beginning teachers. 相似文献
19.
本文分析了美国NCAA对运动员文化学习的认识、运动员招生资格政策和在校的文化学习管理政策,比较分析了我国高校在运动员文化学习管理方面存在的问题,就我国高校运动员文化学习管理提出了要提升对运动员文化学习问题的认识、要加强运动员招生的管理、要严格运动员在校的文化学习管理等建议. 相似文献
20.
North Cooc 《Exceptionality》2018,26(2):63-80
The persistent racial and ethnic disparities in special education in the United States raise concerns about the potential misidentification of students. While previous studies have focused on how various student and school factors influence teacher decisions, there is less attention on when teachers disagree about student disability or special education. The current study uses national data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 to examine when teachers disagreed in their perception of student disability for more than 10,000 high school students. A unique feature of the data is each student is observed in two different subject classrooms, providing an opportunity to examine how differences in student achievement, behavior, and teacher characteristics influence when teachers disagreed in their judgment of student disability. The results indicate that teachers were more likely to disagree when student behavior varied across classrooms, while differences in student achievement and teacher characteristics were not related to disagreement. The study also found that teachers disagreed more for students who were Black, male, and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The main findings highlight how disability is often a context-dependent social construct and have implications for how students are identified for special education. 相似文献