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1.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):250-264
Students of public address have long admired the rhetorical works of two of the leading ministers of the eighteenth century—Hugh Blair and George Campbell. Little has been said, however, about the rhetorical theory of another eighteenth‐century preacher, John Wesley. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Wesley's views on rhetoric and belles lettres. Since most of the subjects covered by Blair in his Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres were also discussed by Wesley in his Journal, Letters, and essays, Blair's pattern of organization is followed here. Hence the study considers Wesley's precepts on taste, genius, style, the speaker's content and organization, delivery, poetry, and historical and philosophical writing. 相似文献
2.
Donato Tamblé 《Archival Science》2001,1(1):83-100
Archival theory in Italy has a long tradition, going back as far as the second half of the nineteenth century, and with roots
in the 17th and 18th centuries. Central theme in the theory is themetodo storico, the principle of provenance, for the first time expressed in the late 19th century by Bonaini and Bongi. In the following
decades archivists like Casanova and Cencetti were among the leading authors. Elio Lodolini assigned himself the task to synthesize
ideas and notions, within a clear distinctions between records (registratura) and archives. One of the overall characteristics
of the rich Italian literature is the stressing of the cultural value of archives.
I have twice treated before the theme of archival theory in Italy from the fifties up to the nineties. The first time on the
occasion of the 25th anniversary of theScuola speciale per Archivisti e Bibliotecari dell'Università degli Studi “La Sapienza” di Roma in 1989, when there was an international round table on archival science in the State Archives of Rome. My essay,Italian archival science today, has been published in the proceedings of the meeting (cfr. Donato Tamblé,L'archivistica in Italia oggi, inStudi sull'archivistica, by Roma: Elio Lodolini, 1992). Some years later, in 1993, I published a book on contemporary Italian archival theory (Donato
Tamblé,La teoria archivistica italiana contemporanea (1950–1990). Profilo storico-critico (Roma, 1993) which was the sequel to the volume of Elio Lodolini on Italian archival history — (Lineamenti di storia dell'archivistica italiana (Roma, 1991). The purpose of my book was that of locating and identifying the scientific object of archival science as it
developed and was clarified in the thinking and in the lucubration of the contemporary Italian Archivists. 相似文献
3.
Donato Tamblé 《Archival Science》1987,1(1):83-100
Archival theory in Italy has a long tradition, going back as far as the second half of the nineteenth century, and with roots
in the 17th and 18th centuries. Central theme in the theory is themetodo storico, the principle of provenance, for the first time expressed in the late 19th century by Bonaini and Bongi. In the following
decades archivists like Casanova and Cencetti were among the leading authors. Elio Lodolini assigned himself the task to synthesize
ideas and notions, within a clear distinctions between records (registratura) and archives. One of the overall characteristics
of the rich Italian literature is the stressing of the cultural value of archives.
I have twice treated before the theme of archival theory in Italy from the fifties up to the nineties. The first time on the
occasion of the 25th anniversary of theScuola speciale per Archivisti e Bibliotecari dell'Università degli Studi “La Sapienza” di Roma in 1989, when there was an international round table on archival science in the State Archives of Rome. My essay,Italian archival science today, has been published in the proceedings of the meeting (cfr. Donato Tamblé,L'archivistica in Italia oggi, inStudi sull'archivistica, by Roma: Elio Lodolini, 1992). Some years later, in 1993, I published a book on contemporary Italian archival theory (Donato
Tamblé,La teoria archivistica italiana contemporanea (1950–1990). Profilo storico-critico (Roma, 1993) which was the sequel to the volume of Elio Lodolini on Italian archival history — (Lineamenti di storia dell'archivistica italiana (Roma, 1991). The purpose of my book was that of locating and identifying the scientific object of archival science as it
developed and was clarified in the thinking and in the lucubration of the contemporary Italian Archivists. 相似文献
4.
Inger L. Stole 《The Communication Review》2013,16(3):349-371
For many practitioners, jurists, and free speech scholars, there are few jurisprudential quagmires that can rival the abyss created by obscenity rules and regulations. This historical essay claims that by using the Besant‐Bradlaugh trial as a case study, scholars can combine legal and cultural perspectives in order to understand some of the religious, class, and gender dimensions of obscenity. The essay traces the development of the history of “obscene libel” from Curll's Case in the eighteenth century to the passage of Lord Campbell's Act and the application of the Hicklin test in the Besant‐Bradlaugh trial of the nineteenth century. 相似文献
5.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):16-22
AbstractThis paper discusses the technical examination of Christ in Martyrdom, painted in 1690 by Fra. Ricardo Pilar for the Monastery of São Bento, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The painting, which hangs in the sacristy, has recently been restored; this restoration and three previous restorations are described. The characteristic pose of Christ in the composition has been found in mediaeval German sculpture and was popular in Spanish painting in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The techniques used for Christ in Martyrdom have been compared with contemporary Spanish and Portuguese treatises and selected paintings in the collection of the National Gallery, London, to illustrate Pilar's original style. The palette and the linseed oil medium are typical of Spanish painting and are likely to have been imported from Europe. 相似文献
6.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):99-103
AbstractIn 1442 the Aragonese King Alfonso settled his court in Naples, which remained a part of Spain until the eighteenth century. Here he assembled an extensive library, including the work of many contemporary illuminators and miniature painters. A large part of this library is now housed in Valencia, where it was transferred in the sixteenth century. These works are a potential source of information regarding style, pigments and artists' techniques. Exceptionally complete records of bills, receipts and correspondence of the royal court exist, including the payments made to illuminators, allowing reasonably secure stylistic attributions to be made. Analyses of 98 pigment samples from 11 different books attributed to Rabicano and his followers have been undertaken and the results compared. The pigments were studied by X-ray fluorescence elemental analyses in the SEM, polarizing microscopy, X-ray diffraction and FTIR microscopy and microchemistry. 相似文献
7.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):82-83
Abstractsystematic study of the whole thickness of the ground was carried out on about 50 paintings. The originality of the work consisted in first revealing by back -scattered scanning electron microscopy where two types of coating had been used. The components of each layer were then analyzed by X-ray diffraction and found to be principally anhydrite for the gesso grosso and gypsum for the gesso sottile. According to these results, Tuscan painters used a double white ground until the end of the fifteenth century. The use of a single layer of gypsum was widespread in other Italian schools in the fifteenth century. 相似文献
8.
Les préparations colorées des tableaux de l'Ecole Française des dix-septième et dix-huitième siècles
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):239-258
AbstractStudy by X-ray microanalysis of 155 coloured grounds from French paintings of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries allowed us to establish the nature of their constituents. The colour was introduced by three varieties of pigment, brown earths, ochres and iron oxides which were used in combination with calcium carbonate, lead white and minium. This confirms the recipes mentioned in the old treatises. The presence of barium sulphate, unexpected in this period, is connected with the nature of the coloured pigments and the place of execution of the works. 相似文献
9.
ARTHUR P. MOLELLA 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1999,42(2):108-116
The simmering controversy over the Smithsonian's Science in American Life exhibition that led to the ensuing visitor study by the Institutional Studies Office is reexamined in terms of issues of American identity. A brief historical overview reveals that, for most of the twentieth century, the American scientific community received enthusiastic public support for its perceived service to national goals and ideals. In the past decade, however, after experiencing unexpected budget cuts to research, scientists have questioned the depth of that public support in what has become known as the Science Wars. Science in American Life was soon engulfed by that broader, often acrimonious debate about science and society which involved notions of pure and applied science. The role of American identity in the dispute over the exhibit is analyzed in terms of scientists' criticisms of three of the exhibition's case studies. 相似文献
10.
11.
Francesca Nepori 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2019,57(1):73-87
AbstractThis article analyzes the role of national bibliographies—with particular reference to the Italian National Bibliography—as relevant tools for national bibliographic control. In the first part of the article, the historical and scientific context of international standards is summarized. The second part describes the role played by the Central National Library of Florence (BNCF) in the realization of the bibliographic control of Italian publications. The limits and the potential of the Italian National Bibliography produced by BNCF are highlighted and compared with the Italian National Library Service (SBN), which is the most important national collective catalog among Italian libraries. 相似文献
12.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):273-276
While stylistic rhetorics of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance are relatively well‐known, the ancient Latin works on figures of speech and thought have not attracted much attention. This paper extends our knowledge of the stylistic movement by surveying the extant classical Latin texts exclusively devoted to rhetorical figures. The treatises of Rutilius Lupus, Aquila Romanus, Julius Rufinianus and of several anonymous authors are reviewed and the development of figurist doctrine from the first century B.C. to the fourth century A.D. is sketched. It is suggested that the classical manuals on figures of thought and speech were similar in both form and content to the stylistic rhetorics of later generations and that we should regard the stylistic pattern as a single tradition which persists from the Hellenistic era through the seventeenth century A.D. 相似文献
13.
Scilla Pizzarelli Rosaria Rosanna Cammarano Letizia Sampaolo Maurella Della Seta 《Health information and libraries journal》2019,36(1):101-105
In this article, guest writers from the Istituto Superiore di Sanità in Italy, the leading scientific technical body of the Italian National Health Service present a historic case study considering the role and evolution of the information specialists at their institution over a twenty year period. The paper places a particular emphasis on the initiatives undertaken in consumer health information and health literacy promotion, in order to improve public health in Italy. Areas covered include the development of online health information provision, early strategies to support the improvement of health literacy, and national projects and collaborations. H.S. 相似文献
14.
Contemporary Archival Diplomatics as a Method of Inquiry: Lessons Learned from Two Research Projects
Heather MacNeil 《Archival Science》2004,4(3-4):199-232
This article explores the use of contemporary archival diplomatics as a method of inquiry in two recent electronic records
research projects, namely,The Protection of the Integrity of Electronic Records Project (the UBC Project) and theInternational Research on the Preservation of Authentic Records in Electronic Records Systems Project (the InterPARES 1 Project). The first part of the article examines the historical and contemporary literary warrant underpinning
diplomatics as a method of inquiry; the second part provides case studies of two illustrative examples of the process and
results of the application of contemporary archival diplomatics in the abovementioned research projects; the third part considers
the current status and possible future directions for the use of contemporary archival diplomatics as a research method and
concludes with some observations about the value of multiple methods and alternative interpretive frameworks in archival research. 相似文献
15.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):293-300
AbstractThis paper is concerned with the rediscovery of a technique of interior wall decoration known as Escariola which was introduced by Austrian and Italian immigrants to the mid-west region of the state of Santa Catarina (southern Brazil) at beginning of the twentieth century. This coating provides a refined, attractive and durable finishing. Historical investigation combined with sample characterization using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses (DTA/TGA) revealed that this technique consists of the application on a rendered masonry wall of a 2–3 mm thick layer of slaked lime/white cement paste which is subsequently polished with talcum powder. Samples of Escariola paste were empirically reformulated and tested on a rendered masonry wall. Guidelines for producing Escariola are proposed here. 相似文献
16.
Susan Evans 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2013,56(2):189-197
How does what we remember about history relate to true historical understanding, and how can the museum become a location for these conversations? During the summer of 2011, the National Museum of American History challenged audiences to consider issues of historical memory and national history through the performance of an interactive museum theater program, The Time Trial of John Brown. Using the Time Trial approach as a case study, this article reveals that interactive theater in museums can provide a platform from which audiences assert their own historical understanding while learning firsthand about their role in creating a shared knowledge of American history. As the role of museums evolves in the twenty‐first century, new attention must be paid to this personal process of examining and creating history and memory through performance. It is through performance and participation that history and memory are both examined and created by the audience. 相似文献
17.
Jacques Savoy 《Information Retrieval》2007,10(6):509-529
This paper reports on the underlying IR problems encountered when indexing and searching with the Bulgarian language. For
this language we propose a general light stemmer and demonstrate that it can be quite effective, producing significantly better
MAP (around + 34%) than an approach not applying stemming. We implement the GL2 model derived from the Divergence from Randomness paradigm and find its retrieval effectiveness better than other probabilistic, vector-space and language models. The resulting
MAP is found to be about 50% better than the classical tf idf approach. Moreover, increasing the query size enhances the MAP by around 10% (from T to TD). In order to compare the retrieval
effectiveness of our suggested stopword list and the light stemmer developed for the Bulgarian language, we conduct a set
of experiments on another stopword list and also a more complex and aggressive stemmer. Results tend to indicate that there
is no statistically significant difference between these variants and our suggested approach. This paper evaluates other indexing
strategies such as 4-gram indexing and indexing based on the automatic decompounding of compound words. Finally, we analyze
certain queries to discover why we obtained poor results, when indexing Bulgarian documents using the suggested word-based
approach. 相似文献
18.
《Slavic & East European Information Resources》2013,14(2-3):71-79
SUMMARY Orthodox Christianity has been present in America since the eighteenth century. Starting in Alaska with Russian missionaries, it has now spread to all fifty states. The history of this expansion is reflected in the archival holdings of a number of institutions, the most central of these being the archives of the Orthodox Church in America. 相似文献
19.
《期刊图书馆员》2013,64(4):385-398
Starting slowly in the middle of the seventeenth century, the number of scientific and technical periodicals had reached a total of ouer 1,000 titles by 1790. To deal with them as a body of literature and to provide an effectiue framework upon which to construct generalizations concerning them, it is desirable and necessary to develop a classification of the formats in which they tended to appear. Three classifications of scientific periodicals are examined: one that originated at the turn of the nineteenth century, another that appeared in 1839, and Fielding H. Garrison's classification of 1934. Various formats in the period before 1790, including those dealing with society publications, academic literature, and the essays resulting from the awarding ofprizes by scientific societies, are eramined in the light of the classification in which they appeared, and some of the issues they raise are discussed. It is fairly clear, for instance, that by the end of the eighteenth century the periodical has still not been segregated in bibliographic access and treatment, either as a vehicle for or as a repository of scientific information. Miscellaneous writings of indiuidual or multiple authors are in many cases regarded in the same light, and are sometimes indistinguishable from titles that can be regarded as bonafide periodicals. The basic differentiation to be made is that between an original and a derivative literature, without begging the question of originality in the conceptual sense. Borrowing, translating, extracting, and reprinting were so prevalent that distinctions are difficult to make in this early period. A classification of formats (types of component unit publications) is offered derived from an analysis of some of the titles on the lists, and some of the other facets under which the scientific and technical periodical of this era should be examined are listed. 相似文献
20.