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1.
中国高等教育需求中的城乡差异-人力资本与社会资本理论的视角 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文应用人力资本和社会资本理论,探讨了中国高等教育需求中的城乡差异。研究表明:在控制其他因素以后,城乡高中生对高等教育有着同样强烈的需求,但学生的城乡背景与影响高等教育需求的人力资本和社会资本因素之间存在交互作用:(1)当高等教育预期收益率较低时,农村学生比城市学生更希望接受高等教育;当高等教育预期收益率较高时,城市学生比农村学生更希望接受高等教育。(2)当家庭网络资源较少时,农村学生比城市学生更希望接受高等教育;当家庭网络资源较多时,城市学生比农村学生更希望接受高等教育。农村低社会经济地位的学生对高等教育的旺盛需求表明,接受高等教育几乎是他们改变其不利社会地位、实现流动的惟一渠道。扩大农村学生的高等教育机会,是改善城乡差异的重要手段。政府应该在教育财政和招生等方面进行制度创新以回应此类教育需求。 相似文献
2.
Panel data on MBA graduates is used in an attempt to empirically distinguish between human capital and signaling models of education. The existence of employment observations prior to MBA enrollment allows for the control of unobserved ability or selection into MBA programs (through the use of individual fixed effects). In addition, variation in the amount of pre-MBA work experience allows for a test to distinguish between the models. In particular, a predominant signaling view is shown to predict smaller returns to the degree, the more pre-MBA work experience one has (controlling for total experience). Additionally, a unique feature of the data is that respondents were asked to report skills or abilities gained through their schooling, allowing us to determine the extent to which these purported skills are valued in the labor market. The combined evidence suggests that while human capital accumulation may contribute to the returns to an MBA, the majority of the returns is derived from the signaling/screening function of the degree. 相似文献
3.
J. B. Arbaugh Regina Bento Alvin Hwang 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2010,8(2):391-415
Using data provided by graduates from 128 MBA programs, we examined the extent to which age, gender, and ethnicity predicted student perceptions of the MBA experience. We found that women and minorities were more likely to see program costs and the availability of financial support as significant factors in their program enrollment decisions than were Caucasian males. The most consistent predictor of students’ perceptions of their educational experience was whether the MBA program was full time or part time, with full‐time programs generally perceived more favorably. Our findings suggest that because diversity measures of age, gender, and ethnicity were not consistent predictors across the different perception areas, at minimum, MBA programs presently do not consistently inhibit diversity. However, given the increasing percentage of women and minorities that comprise the undergraduate population, maintaining the present path in program accessibility may create enrollment problems for MBA programs perhaps in the very near future. Therefore, we conclude with a discussion of the changing demographics in higher education and their potential implications for MBA programs and suggestions for how MBA programs might respond. 相似文献
4.
This study uses fixed-effects panel data techniques to estimate the elasticity of community college enrollment demand relative to local unemployment rates. The findings suggest that community college enrollment demand is counter-cyclical to changes in the labor market, as enrollments rise during periods of weak economic conditions. Using national data for the years 1990 through 2009, we find that a one percentage-point change in unemployment is associated with 1.1–3.3 % increases in enrollment demand. We disaggregate the analysis by total full-time and part-time enrollment, concluding that high levels of unemployment are also associated with greater demand for full-time attendance. Additionally, enrollments are slightly more responsive to unemployment in metropolitan (rather than micropolitan) areas. Informed by enrollment demand theory, our analysis provides an update to the “unemployment elasticity” literature and could aid in current enrollment planning, economic development, and public policy efforts to educate students on the margin between college and work. 相似文献
5.
William C. Weiler 《Research in higher education》1987,27(1):51-61
Studies of enrollment demand typically assume that public institutions accept all eligible applicants. In that case the coefficients of a regression equation that explains enrollment as a function of variables that affect student demand are properly interpreted as unknown demand function parameters. However, if enrollments are limited by institutional constraints on the supply of places, another approach to estimating student demand behavior is needed. In this paper we develop a model that explains the determination of enrollments in these cases and a way to estimate the coefficients of a student demand equation that is part of the model. The results are much better than those obtained from a conventional model of enrollment demand estimated using ordinary least squares. 相似文献
6.
Keith L. Whittingham 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2006,4(2):175-190
The traditional core Masters in Business Administration (MBA) curriculum consists of a broad range of courses that can be considered as a whole, or divided into qualitative and quantitative courses. Regression models were developed with “QualGPA” and “QuantGPA” as response variables, and gender, pre‐MBA academic indicators, and personality factors (measured by the RightPath6® profile) as the explanatory variables. Results may provide pedagogical insight for faculty teaching increasingly diverse MBA classes. Additionally, there are recruitment implications for those hiring MBA graduates, as well as implications for MBA students in decisions regarding MBA concentrations and subsequent career choices. While gender alone was not a significant variable in any model, gender–personality interactions were significant. Across both course categories, performance tended to be higher for students who were more “Detached” than “Compassionate,” with the exception of females in quantitative courses. Additionally, “Extraversion” and “Reactiveness” significantly enhanced performance among males in qualitative courses, and “Conscientiousness” had a strong positive performance effect among females in quantitative courses. 相似文献
7.
How can the high school science enrollment of black students be increased? School and home counseling and classroom procedures could benefit from variables identified as predictors of science enrollment. The problem in this study was to identify a set of variables which characterize science course enrollment by black secondary students. The population consisted of a subsample of 3963 black high school seniors from The High School and Beyond 1980 Base-Year Survey. Using multiple linear regression, backward regression, and correlation analyses, the US Census regions and grades mostly As and Bs in English were found to be significant predictors of the number of science courses scheduled by black seniors. 相似文献
8.
高中生高等教育需求的经济动因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文通过估计高中生期望的高等教育回报率及其高等教育需求的影响,检验了人力资本理论的基本假设。研究表明,高中生对高等教育的市场回报率有比较准确的预期,他们的高等教育需求也受其期望的高等教育回报率的显著影响。个体的高等教育需求与人力资本理论的解释是一致的,即个体对高等教育的需求,受高等教育的经济回报所激励。 相似文献
9.
专业学位扩招给MBA教育发展带来新的机遇和挑战。本文通过对MBA项目外部环境的显著变化进行分析,依据心理学关于情境认知的相关理论,提出MBA教学改革模型,并据此预测MBA教学方法改革的趋势,提出我国现阶段MBA教学方法改革的对策。 相似文献
10.
Many graduate business programs encourage, and even require, postbaccalaureate work experience as a criterion for program
admission. In this research we use data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 to examine the
extent to which MBA students actually experience a hiatus in their educational careers, and whether their work/education profiles
differ from those of other graduate students in the United States. We also address whether this emphasis on educational discontinuity
in the formal sense has any effect on how the student progresses through the MBA program. Our results suggest that interrupting
school between the BA and MBA leads to a higher likelihood of part-time enrollment, and a consequent lower probability of
completing the degree program in a timely fashion. 相似文献
11.
Hispanic students are significantly over-represented in community colleges compared to White and Black students. This paper uses a powerful but underutilized statistical technique, the Oaxaca decomposition, to explore the impact of social capital, as manifested through college financial information, on Hispanic student enrollment in 4-year and 2-year programs. Background differences between the groups were found to have only a small effect on the gap in attending 4-year schools, while the effect of differential returns to these background characteristics was strong and significant. The analysis revealed that some variables of college financial information contribute significantly to the gap. 相似文献
12.
依托母体高校举办的独立学院具有在招生、人才培养、就业指导等的特殊性,其毕业生所拥有人力资本和社会资本对就业期望可能产生特定的影响。基于人力资本和社会资本的双重因素,对某独立学院2012届毕业生的就业期望进行问卷调查和实证分析,结果显示独立学院学生在人力资本和社会资本的存量上存在差异;社会资本相对人力资本,对毕业生就业预期的影响更大些。为此,独立学院毕业生要正视所处的教育生态环境,理性认识人力资本和社会资本、高校要分类指导人力资本和社会资本不同含量的毕业生,正确认识社会资本的作用。既要维护"继承性社会资本"。也要开发"生成性社会资本"。政府应做好毕业生就业流向的合理疏导。 相似文献
13.
Deborah C. Strickland Vittorio A. Bonomo Gerald W. McLaughlin James R. Montgomery Beatrice T. Mahan 《Research in higher education》1984,20(1):35-53
Based on human capital theory, the demand for higher education is investigated within a statewide system. A multiple regression approach is applied to data that measure the following by geographic municipality (i.e., county or city): the ratio of high school graduates enrolled in a given institution to that institution's entering freshman enrollment (dependent variable); eligible population, academic ability, educational attainment, income level, wage rate, unemployment rate, cost of attendance, and local environment (independent variables). Using the SAS GLM procedure, various breakdowns of the demand function by institutional grouping are presented. Squared multiple correlations for the various models range from .3 to .5.Presented at the 22nd Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research, Denver, May 1982. 相似文献
14.
15.
MBA alumni are exceptionally well placed to evaluate management education in terms of its real impacts on students against current, and expected, needs. This paper reports the results of a survey of graduates of one MBA course to identify which aspects of the course its graduates valued highly and the extent of the contribution of their MBA to career changes that have followed their completion of the course. The benefits of the program to graduates, in terms of relevance, knowledge gained, behaviour changed and outcomes achieved were judged to be substantial. The MBA is seen as a significant factor in career change and development. 相似文献
16.
MBA教育在我国经过30年的发展,已经成为培养中高层企业管理人才的重要途径,文章对2010年以来MBA的报考人数、报录比、地区间招生差异等指标进行了统计分析,指出当前我国MBA招生存在报名数量持续增长,报录比趋于稳定,地域间在招生数量、项目招生规模、学费水平等方面差异显著等特征。 相似文献
17.
Recognizing the current administration’s focus on improving postsecondary access, this study examines resource allocation
patterns and the predictive power of these resources in increasing the likelihood of 2- and 4-year college enrollment among
low-income students. Using data from the Educational Longitudinal Study, college choice decision-making is conceptualized
in relation to an individual’s habitus and capital deficiency theory. The results reveal significant differences in the availability
and predictive power of various forms of capital across enrollment classifications. The study concludes with implications
for administrators and policymakers interested in improving access for low-income students. 相似文献
18.
It is necessary to better understand the unique variables that serve as predictors of Latino students’ postsecondary enrollment and success. Impacts of various variables were examined among 850 Latino and Caucasian students (76% and 24% of the sample, respectively). Gender, ethnicity, perceived affordability, high school grade point average, and high school credits earned served as significant predictors. Yet the highest mathematics class taken by the 11th grade was not significant, and Latino students’ negative perceptions of college affordability may have hindered students’ postsecondary enrollment aspirations, despite their having access to a guaranteed scholarship. 相似文献
19.
Vít Šťastný 《欧洲教育》2016,48(1):1-22
The study contributes to the literature on private supplementary tutoring by shedding light on this phenomenon in the Czech Republic. The aim of the paper is to identify the reasons for seeking out private supplementary tutoring and to assess the factors underlying its demand. In the representative sample of 1,265 senior upper-secondary school students from two distinct regions of the Czech Republic, 37% acknowledged participation in private tutoring lessons (provided by individuals) and 10% reported enrollment in preparatory courses for university admission (organized by institutions) during their upper-secondary studies. It seems that both enrollment in different educational tracks and specific school subjects are associated with different reasons for taking private tutoring lessons. The results of binary logistic regression suggest that the mother’s educational attainment, family income, students’ academic performance, residence in the capital city, and female gender are significant predictors of students’ enrollment and participation in the explored private tutoring activities. These findings confirm the strong influence of family background on educational attainment identified in previous Czech social-stratification research. In a wider European context, the patterns of private supplementary tutoring resemble those in neighboring countries. 相似文献
20.
Debbie Smith 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(5):371-387
This study examined the relationship between participation and location of dual-credit enrollment and the educational aspirations of high school students. A total of 304 students from 5 rural Kansas high schools were surveyed. The return rate was 80.9%. Results indicated that participation in dual-credit programs had a positive and significant relationship with educational aspirations. Other independent variables that demonstrated strong predictive importance for educational aspirations were parents’ educational levels and grades. The findings further indicated that concurrent enrollment location was a significant predictor of educational aspirations. 相似文献