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1.
Although sport management researchers have produced findings with regard to diversity in the leadership positions of college athletics, this examination has focused separately on gender (Inglis et al., 1996, Inglis et al., 2000; Inglis, Danylchuk, & Pastore, 2000; Knoppers et al., 1991, National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2009a, Sartore and Cunningham, 2007) or race (Cunningham and Sagas, 2004a, Cunningham and Sagas, 2004b, Cunningham et al., 2001, Cunningham et al., 2006). The current study, framed by intersectionality, identifies barriers contributing to the under-representation of Black women in head coaching jobs in Division I women's basketball in the United States. The assistant coaches cited access discrimination, lack of support, and prevalent stereotypes as barriers. In negotiating these barriers, the women discussed the importance of networking, mentoring and presenting “a proper image” for big-time athletics. To eradicate these barriers, the women recommended expanding job pools; more mentoring by athletic department personnel; and more development programs offered for young Black females. 相似文献
2.
Within Division I intercollegiate athletics, women hold 46.4% of graduate assistant and 47% of assistant athletic trainer positions, yet hold only 18.8% of head athletic trainer positions. The purpose of this study was to explore whether issues of power and gender stereotyping contribute to the lack of women in head athletic training positions in intercollegiate athletics. Data were gathered from 14 female athletic trainers at Division I universities through semi-structured interviews and follow-up questions based on those interviews and were analyzed using post-structural feminism as the theoretical framework. The findings revealed that male coaches used gender stereotypes to challenge the professional competence of our participants along with formal and informal work practices to reinforce power over the professional lives of our participants. 相似文献
3.
Thomas M. Hunt 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(6):796-818
The Olympics were a site of Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. The successes of the Soviet Union eventually captured the attention of American policy-makers, who responded with the Amateur Sports Act of 1978. This article argues that the poor performance of the American team at the 1972 Olympic Games provided a ‘focusing event’ out of which the act emerged. It will further argue that the act's focus on elite athletics was a product of a perception in the late 1960s and 1970s that losses at international sport competitions detracted from American prestige abroad. The conservative political ideologies and athletic experiences of presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford did much to shape the way in which the problems in American athletics were approached. 相似文献
4.
《Sport Management Review》2015,18(3):464-480
This case study presents a common challenge among many sport organisations facing the decision to maintain, increase, or decrease commitment to failing projects or courses of action. Using escalation of commitment theory as a framework, this case highlights the organisational processes for reversing former commitment decisions, underscoring seldom pursued de-escalation behaviour. This case uses fictional East University to illustrate the circumstances confronting most National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletic departments in the United States. Amidst inadequate revenue to cover increasing expenses, university decision makers are often responsible for determining the most suitable commitment to intercollegiate athletics, with a specific focus on costly football programs. Given extensive stakeholder involvement and pressure, commitment decisions are further complicated by the complex economic, social, and political challenges of balancing often competing groups and their interests. In response to a university-wide initiative emphasising successful programs and critically scrutinising underperforming programs, East's athletic director Steve Barnes is charged with determining the most appropriate course of action in de-escalating athletics (notably football) commitment. Consequently, the situation presented provides students with an opportunity to critically evaluate the multifaceted nature of de-escalating commitment to an existing course of action. This case is useful for both undergraduate and graduate courses in strategic management, organisational behaviour, athletic administration, and policy and governance. 相似文献
5.
美国高校竞技体育经费来源基本结构分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
陈庆熙 《上海体育学院学报》2012,(1):15-18
通过文献资料法和比较法,对美国大学生体育联合会不同层级高校竞技体育经费来源基本结构进行分析。结果显示:美国只有少数高校竞技体育经费来源为自身创收,而大部分高校主要是学校拨款;学校的层级及其橄榄球队与男子篮球队的竞技水平,是决定美国高校竞技体育创收能力的关键因素;学校拨款对美国高校竞技体育发展具有极其重要的支撑作用。 相似文献
6.
Randolph Feezell 《体育哲学杂志》2013,40(2):185-207
In this paper, I critically examine Myles Brand’s criticisms of what he calls the Standard View of the role and value of intercollegiate athletics. According to Brand, the Standard View, held by most faculty members, undervalues college sports and should be replaced by the Integrated View that properly stresses the educational value of participating in athletics. I claim that Brand’s analogical argument has a variety of problems. I show that Brand’s conclusion, derived from his attempt to compare the experiences of student-musicians and student-athletes is unpersuasive, yet his argument forces us to confront persistent and important questions about liberal arts education and the role and value of the arts, especially music, in higher education. 相似文献
7.
《Sport Management Review》2014,17(3):362-375
Corporate sponsorship is now commonplace across the college athletic landscape; however, the introduction of naming-rights sponsorships for college football stadiums has been a significantly slower process. Although there are several Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) programs that have secured naming-rights partners (i.e. University of Minnesota), this practice is still the exception rather than the norm, which is also true in many other global sport contexts. In order to better understand this phenomenon, the goal of this study was to investigate fans’ attitudes related to sponsorship, tradition, and commercialism in college football. The results indicated fans that had more positive attitudes toward sponsorship had more positive behavioral intentions toward both the football program and a potential naming rights partner. On the other hand, those who had more positive perceptions of the institution's football tradition and venue had more negative behavioral intentions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research. 相似文献
8.
《Sport Management Review》2016,19(2):198-210
National governing bodies, international sport federations, and national Olympic committees continue to struggle to attain minimal levels of female representation. Sport organizations in the United States are no exception. Despite the fact that more women work in intercollegiate athletics than ever before, the number of female assistant and associate athletic directors is declining. As such, fewer women are in the “pipeline” to achieve the position of Athletic Director. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that may influence women's career development in intercollegiate athletic administration. Twenty assistant and associate athletic directors were interviewed about their career paths, experiences, and goals. Results suggest strong interpersonal relationships with supervisors and mentors and access to professional development activities aided in participants’ career advancement. Factors attributed to perceptions of gender and professional value incongruence affected women's career choices and opportunities for advancement. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed. 相似文献
9.
Research indicates sport industry employees encounter organizational justice, or fairness perceptions, during resource distributions on the basis of what was distributed (distributive justice), how the distribution decision was reached (procedural justice), and how the distribution decision was communicated to the employee (interaction justice). This study's purpose was to explore coaches’ perceptions of fairness regarding current resource distribution systems in intercollegiate athletics in terms of types of sport (high profile sports vs. low profile sports) and participant gender (male participant sports vs. female participant sports). A total of 260 coaches from National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, II, and III institutions in the United States responded through online surveys assessing three dimensions of organizational justice: distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Subsequently, tests for discriminant validity prompted the consolidation of the procedural and interactional justice dimensions. MANOVA tests found: (a) no significant main effect nor interaction effect for distributive justice and (b) main effects of type of sport and participant gender, but no interaction effect for procedural justice. Practical and broader theoretical implications for these findings are discussed. 相似文献
10.
J. Grove Wolf 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):475-490
Abstract The present study was designed to assess the influence of athletics on educational attainment. It tested Spady's (1970) contention that high school athletes were deficit in the academic skills necessary for later success in college because athletics were their only form of extracurricular involvement. A 1975 Maryland sample (N = 239) and a 1977 Pennsylvania sample (N = 403) of male and female high school students were categorized into athlete-only and athlete-service groups and then compared on Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores. Comparisons were also made to the national average for males and females. Results from both samples supported Spady's contention for males, but not for females. Athlete-only males were significantly lower (p ≤ .01) than the 1975 and 1977 male national averages. By contrast, athlete-service males were significantly higher than the 1975 male national average. The findings are discussed in terms of the influence exerted by significant others (e.g., parents, coaches) to encourage athletic participation exclusively, often at the expense of other extracurricular activities that may foster positive academic attitudes and expectations. 相似文献
11.
This paper explores how eight women experience, and are incorporated into, the regulatory regimes and pedagogical practices of a corporate (sporting) university in their first semester of college. Using Foucault's conceptions of power, discipline and subjectivity, we situate women's participation on the soccer team within the context of a corporatized Division-I University. As sport has become increasingly corporatized, low-profile sports have begun to emulate high-profile sports. The corporate university and corporate sport model indicative of high-profile college programs, such as the one involved in this study, use (sporting) bodies as resources, rendering them detached and alienated from many college experiences. As evidenced in the data from this study, the pedagogies of highly structured schedules and authoritative-, peer- and self-disciplining mechanisms functioned to normalize the experiences of stress, tension, isolation, loneliness and little autonomy. Nevertheless, we also discuss a point of rupture, wherein two women, for different reasons, refused their athletic subjectivities at The University after their first semester by discontinuing their athletic participation. The contextualization of such experiences reveals the complex relations of power emerging from young adults’ immersion into an athletic system imbued with corporatist ideologies housed within a simulated aura of education and development. This paper aims not to provide definitive answers but rather, by exploring power relations, to open for discussion critical questions about college athletics and to advocate for a more humanist research agenda that considers athletic subjectivities. 相似文献
12.
《体育哲学杂志》2012,39(2):281-297
Classical Greece is famous for its athletic art, particularly the image of the nude male athlete. But how did the Greeks understand athletic beauty? Plato, Aristotle, Xenophon, and others discuss athletes’ beauty, while the educational ideal of kalokagathia conceptually connects athletic beauty with the good. More questions need to be answered, however, if we are to understand ancient athletic beauty. We need to ask ourselves what the Greeks appreciated when they looked at athletic bodies. What did those qualities mean to them? In what way was it erotic? How did it differ for females and males? In this paper I argue that the beautiful athletic body is framed in ancient Greek thought, not just as an aesthetically pleasing image, but as an ideal expression of a certain kind of soul. 相似文献
13.
Davide Ferioli Ermanno Rampinini Andrea Bosio Antonio La Torre Matteo Azzolini Aaron J. Coutts 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(22):2567-2574
This study examined the physical differences in adult male basketball players of different competitive level and playing position using a large cohort. In the middle of the regular season, 129 players from four different Divisions completed a Yo-YoIR1 and, after 3-to-8 days, they performed a 6-min continuous running test (Mognoni’s test), a counter-movement jump (CMJ) test and a 5-min High-intensity Intermittent running test (HIT). Magnitude-based inferences revealed that differences in HIT were very likely moderate between Division I and II and likely small between Division II and III. The differences in absolute peak power and force produced during CMJs between Division I and II and between Division II and III were possibly small. Differences in Yo-YoIR1 and Mognoni’s test were very likely-to-almost certain moderate/large between Division III and VI. We observed possibly-to-likely small differences in HIT and Mognoni’s test between guards and forwards and almost certainly moderate differences in absolute peak power and force during CMJs between guards and centres. The ability to sustain high-intensity intermittent efforts (i.e. HIT) and strength/power characteristics can differentiate between competitive level, while strength/power characteristics discriminate guards from forwards/centres. These findings inform practitioners on the development of identification programs and training activities in basketball. 相似文献
14.
随着高校体育课程改革学生自主择课的实施,高校田径课因其内容的单调性、枯燥性遭到了前所未有的冷落,面临着在高校公共体育部被＂淘汰＂的危险。本文以大学生体育生活方式为切入点,分析了大学生体育生活方式的特点和田径运动在其中的重要作用,重点从田径课程内容、教学方法、教学组织和教学评价等几个方面来分析高校田径教学的发展方向。 相似文献
15.
通过对中美两国高校高水平运动队的管理机构和运动员管理的比较研究,得出两国有许多值得相互学习与借鉴的方面。如何借鉴美国高校高水平运动队在管理模式方面的先进经验,结合实际来完善我国高校高水平运动队的管理模式,对于建立有中国特色的高校高水平竞技体系,发展我国高校竞技体育有着重要的意义。 相似文献
16.
武斌 《山东体育学院学报》2011,27(4):60-64,78
采用文献资料、数理统计等方法,对山东省与北京、上海、广东、江苏四省市的竞技体育发展现状进行对比分析,研究表明:山东省一线优秀运动员和入选国家队人数偏少,经费投入有待提高,缺乏"金牌教练员",田径、游泳在短距离项目处于劣势,竞技体育后备人才培养社会化程度较低。 相似文献
17.
运用文献法、调查法、比较法、逻辑法等研究方法对福建省6所高校竞技体育人力资源的状况进行了调查,指出了现阶段福建省高校竞技体育在人力资源的训练管理中存在的问题,并在此基础上探讨了福建省高校竞技体育人力资源可持续发展的对策,旨在为促进福建省高校竞技体育人力资源的可持续发展提供参与与借鉴。 相似文献
18.
采用文献资料法对田径运动的"健身属性"在全民健身计划具体实施中进行了分析论证.结果显示:田径运动具有"健身属性"和竞技属性,在全民健身中"健身属性"的地位和作用要高于或大于竞技属性.运用田径项目开展全民健身中要进行一定的"转化"与"调整",降低技术动作难度和规格要求,提高大众参与田径运动的积极性,达到健身的目的,又要对田径项目的"健身属性"进行加工、调整或组合,揉进一定的知识、技能,提高大众参与的兴趣和锻炼效果;田径项目"健身属性"经济实用,能够全面的增强身体素质和提高健身水平;运用田径项目开展全面健身过程中要遵循田径运动的属性原则、安全性原则、创新性原则、合理运动负荷原则、趣味性原则和从实际出发原则. 相似文献
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20.
运用数理统计等方法对我国第十届全国运动会武术套路比赛奖牌分布状况、各项目前3名运动员的身高、年龄、场上心理状况以及武术运动规律、运动员选材等进行了分析研究，认为奖牌分布呈不均衡状态，符合竞技体育的规律。 相似文献