共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
我国研究生教育的效率分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以大学为分析单元,将教育和研究作为研究生教育的产出,将导师数、具有高级职称的教师数和研究经费作为投入,通过DEA(数据包络分析)对我国66所大学的研究生教育的效率进行定量分析发现:31所大学的研究生教育是总体技术有效的,47所大学是纯技术有效的,而规模无效的大学中有32所处于规模收益递减阶段。从数量效率看,有33所大学处于规模收益递减阶段,从质量效率看,有39所大学处于规模收益递减阶段。提高我国研究生教育效率的当务之急是提高管理效率,消除规模无效。 相似文献
2.
我国各省高校科研投入产出相对效率评价研究——基于数据包络分析方法 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
徐娟 《清华大学教育研究》2009,30(2)
本文选取2006年我国31省市的高校作为决策单元,应用数据包络分析方法,对其技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率进行了相对有效性评价的研究,指出各省高校科研的相对效率与地区经济之间并没有必然联系,高效率带来高科研产出才是高校科研发展的源泉. 相似文献
3.
林月雄 《福建工程学院学报》2006,4(5):652-655
高校办学效能，体现和影响着高校自身的竞争力。只有不断提高办学效能，才能进一步促进我国高等教育的发展。但高校教育管理过程中的种种浪费，制约了高校办学效能的进一步提高。文章主要从高校管理的角度阐述并分析了在高校中这种种司空见惯而又常被人们忽略的若干浪费，进而提出了杜绝这些浪费的几点建设性的意见。 相似文献
4.
我国高等教育资源利用效率评价理论研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对高等教育资源利用效率进行评价,不仅能促进高等院校之间的竞争和发展,也能解决高等教育资源紧缺和利用效率低下的问题,对各高校充分和有效地利用有限的高等教育资源具有重要意义。本文阐述了高等教育资源利用效率的内涵,结合高等教育的基本职能和目标,建立了高等教育资源利用效率评价的指标体系,给出了高等教育资源利用效率各子要素和综合评价的方法及步骤。 相似文献
5.
Mirjana Franceško Jasmina Nedeljković Milan Živković Sanja Đurđić 《European Journal of Education》2020,55(4):514-527
This article provides insight into the state of higher education in Serbia, particularly in the context of reform processes based on European Higher Education Area principles. A multidimensional approach was taken, encompassing (a) a review and analysis of legal regulations relevant to the historical context of Serbia, (b) an examination of current working conditions at accredited state and private higher education institutions, (c) and a pilot survey of attitudes among the main participants in higher education teaching. The research gauged attitudes of university professors and students with work or study experiences, respectively, at both state and private higher education institutions. Specific instruments for measuring attitudes were constructed for this study. Professors' attitudes toward state and private higher education were compared through the assessment of aspects of organisational culture including work organisation, stimulating atmosphere, innovation, and creativity. Students expressed their attitudes toward state and private higher education in terms of general atmosphere, curricula, grading criteria, and student status. The results indicate that private higher education was appreciated slightly more than state higher education; both professors and students held more positive attitudes of private higher education for all dimensions investigated. 相似文献
6.
Internationally, the number of students with disabilities entering higher education institutions is on the rise. Research
estimates that 8–10% of students attending higher education are registered with disability, with learning difficulties being
the most commonly reported disability. Widening participation in higher education has been supported by legislative changes,
inclusive education practices, the use of ICT and accessible facilities and programs and, ultimately, an increasing belief
among students with disabilities that higher education maximizes their opportunities for employment and independent living.
Within the Cypriot context, research on disability, access and provision in higher education is limited. This study was a
part of a large-scale study (PERSEAS) funded by the EU. From the original sample, 15 students attending private higher education
institutions in Cyprus reported disability (i.e., sensory impairment, dyslexia, physical disabilities) and were selected for
focus group discussions. Also, interviews and focus groups were conducted with the Headmasters and teachers, respectively,
in 10 private higher education institutions. This study yielded interesting results regarding the current state of provision
(e.g., concessions for exams and assignments, infrastructure, teaching modification, counseling services) as well as issues
of social inclusion, equality of opportunity and entitlement to education. 相似文献
7.
伴随着高等学校任务体系的持续扩张,高等学校法律地位变革的功能导向不断强化。在大陆法系国家,高等学校通常具有基本权主体、国家机构或公法设施以及民事主体或公法意义上的法人等“多重”且“交叠”的法律地位。在英美法系国家,高等学校作为“混合型机构”的特征日益凸显。经由普通法与成文法的持续发展,形塑出高等学校作为自治机构、公共当局、非营利性机构以及贸易实体或法人等不同类型且富有“张力”的法律地位。高等学校法律地位变革中功能导向的强化,既为高等教育治理中多元利益的整合提供了可能,也客观上导致高等学校作为学术机构本质的式微,并衍生出自治权限萎缩、利益冲突状况加剧、教师权利危机凸显等诸多风险。在此背景下,如何调整学术子系统与法律系统之间的复杂关系,如何在传统与现代之间保持必要的张力,构成大学法研究的前沿议题。 相似文献
8.
Samo Pavlin 《European Journal of Education》2019,54(2):261-272
The “employability” paradigm is beginning to be publicly regarded as one of the key developmental paths and “modernisation” principles of higher education institutions. In this context, the article first overviews the existing practices for tracking graduates’ early careers in Europe. Next, it identifies and discusses relevant conceptual aspects for designing system(s) for tracking graduates’ careers and using the results of graduate studies. This includes understanding and interpreting employability, possible societal tensions surrounding higher education when seeking to support the needs of graduates, employers or initiating new “professional projects”, and the development of disciplinary assumptions about career success. Third, based on the results of a national survey among higher education institutions in Slovenia, it explores institutional views related to establishing systems for monitoring graduates’ “employability”. Understanding higher education institutions’ attitudes and capacities towards monitoring the employability of their graduates is important for the success of tracking surveys in terms of their involvement in the collection of data, adapting the research instrument to reflect possible disciplinary particularities and the use of survey results. By combining the institutional perspective with the previously elaborated conceptual framework, the article calls on higher education stakeholders to support the strategic function of career monitoring systems for exploring new professional opportunities of graduates in the context of broader societal and economic developments. 相似文献
9.
高等学校定位问题辨析 总被引：48，自引：0，他引：48
高等学校的定位问题是高等教育在特定历史阶段产生的问题,主要表现为趋同和攀升。适度的趋同和攀升对于培育高等教育市场和提高高校办学效率具有一定的积极作用,但问题的负面影响不可小视。政府应当采取以经济手段为主的宏观调控措施,改革政府与高校的隶属关系, 引导高校科学定位。 相似文献
10.
我国高等教育大众化增加了适龄青年进入高等学校的机会,在此背景下我国高等教育在入学机会均等问题上也发生了一些转变：人们从关注一般高等教育机构教育机会的分配转向关注精英型高等教育机构教育机会的分配。研究新视角、新重点的改变体现了对现实的把握,但实质上高等教育公平研究的性质并没有改变。正确分析其现状及影响因素并找到一条合理的路径是稳定高等教育大众化并逐步向普及化发展的有效保证。 相似文献
11.
Marie Lavoie 《Higher Education Quarterly》2009,63(1):3-28
This paper focuses on the relevance of harmonising higher education and innovation strategies in the context of fostering economic growth, illustrated by the particular weak point in the case of Canada. The present-day market for highly-skilled labour is global and therefore increasingly porous. A government that wishes to avoid losing its highly-skilled workers to countries that can provide more attractive conditions must aim at investing simultaneously in tertiary education and science and engineering infrastructure. Ideally, supply (higher education) and demand side (innovation) policies would interact in a balanced way. Canada is located at the two extreme ends of investment in higher education and innovation and will be compared to other OECD countries. The paper concludes that seeking policy convergence in innovation and higher education with leading countries is not sufficient to reach growth and can produce disappointing results for talented people whose career expectations may remain unfulfilled. It is therefore crucial for a country to develop higher education and innovation 'in harmony' with the global context and also to achieve harmony between other policies and institutions in its own national context. 相似文献
12.
The current study examines costs, measured by educational and general (E&G) spending, and cost efficiency at 252 public master’s institutions in the United States over a nine-year (2004–2012) period. We use a multi-product quadratic cost function and results from a random-effects model with a first-order autoregressive (AR1) disturbance term to calculate economies of scale with regard to undergraduate enrollment, graduate enrollment, and research. We also employ a slightly modified version of Kumbhakar et al. (J Prod Anal 41(2):321–337, 2014) multi-step approach, involving the use of stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and taking into account spatial interdependency, to decompose cost efficiency into long-term stable (persistent) and short-term (residual) efficiency. The key results of this study include evidence that: (1) regional clustering of costs exists; (2) there are economies of scale in undergraduate education and diseconomies of scale in graduate education; (3) relatively few institutions are cost inefficient; and (4) cost inefficiency tends to be long-term and persistent rather than short-term and residual. This research also identifies public master’s institutions that are the most cost efficient. Our inquiry has implications for future research as it points towards specific institutions, which may be engaged in effective practices to keep costs low, for possible follow-up case studies. Going forward, the techniques used in this study could be applied to examine economies of scale and scope as well as cost efficiency among other types of higher education institutions, such as public or private research universities, baccalaureate institutions, and community colleges. 相似文献
13.
公立高等学校的经营观 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
崔玉平 《清华大学教育研究》2005,26(1):69-75
公立高等学校应该成为市场经济社会中的产业组织，在参与现代教育服务市场和教育资源市场的竞争中转变办学观念，由传统的学校管理走向现代学校经营，采取学校资产经营策略，提高办学的经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
14.
Niraj Kumar 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2016,38(6):676-689
The objectives of this paper were to explore the existing status of agricultural higher education in India, application of marketing concepts in similar institutions and to find the most appropriate marketing concept to make agricultural higher education more competitive. Extensive searches of relevant agricultural education, business management and higher educational data bases were made. It was found that agricultural higher education in India is stagnant and is facing an identity crisis among its stakeholders. Marketing theories and concepts which are now being applied in higher education across the globe have not been thought of in the context of agriculture education. A review of the literature suggested that considering the objectives, the multiplicity of stakeholders and the nature of public-funded agricultural education, marketing orientation would be most appropriate. Based on the experiences of similar institutions, the paper suggests a three-level strategy for the implementation of marketing orientation in institutions of agricultural higher education. 相似文献
15.
高等学校学生评价教学方式比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对高等学校学生评价教师教学的两种方式(纸笔评价和网基评价)的比较研究发现,纸笔评价和网基评价有各自的特点,网基评价能给评价组织者在评价数据的收集和处理方面带来极大的便利,并逐步被越来越多的高校所采用,但要注意控制评价过程中的过程误差对评价结果的影响. 相似文献
16.
Lindsay Paterson 《Higher Education Quarterly》2003,57(1):67-93
Using the results of a sample survey of academics in higher education institutions in Scotland and England, the paper assesses attitudes to the civic role of higher education. It places these in the context of debates about core academic values, about the public accountability of higher education institutions, and about the devolution of political power in the United Kingdom. It finds that there is widespread attachment to a civic role for higher education, alongside strong attachment to traditional academic values. These values are not significantly influenced by individual academics’ gender, age or social class of origin, and differences by academic discipline are not as strong as might be expected. Academics in Scotland tend to hold a somewhat more civic view than academics in England. This national difference seems to be a product of distinctive national systems, since academics of English origin in Scotland share in the majority Scottish views. 相似文献
17.
Organizing higher education in a knowledge society 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ivar Bleiklie 《Higher Education》2005,49(1-2):31-59
The integration of higher education systems in the Western world has led both to development of overall strategies for the organization of higher education institutions by public authorities, as well as to strategies by higher education institutions aiming to position themselves within emerging higher education systems. This article first asks whether these developments represent converging or path dependent trends before it sketches a conceptual point of departure for the analysis of the relationship between institutions in higher education systems based on the effects of integration on academic hierarchies and functional specialization. Then I discuss how recent attempts at integrating higher education systems in Europe and the US may affect the relationship between institutions in the light of conceptions of education as a process by which students learn to learn or by which they learn specific occupational skills. Thirdly, the development is situated in a wider context where the relationship between different types of institutions are considered in relation to the spread of an extended and more utility oriented concept of knowledge. Finally, I consider briefly some possible future developments based on how modern capitalist and public managerialist knowledge regimes constitute conditions for higher education integration. 相似文献
18.
In the framework of their first SOCRATES/ERASMUS applications in1996, institutions of higher education in Europe were asked toformulate and submit a European Policy Statement (EPS) expressingthe managerial and strategic thrust of their European goals andactivities for which they wanted to receive support. As this wasa new exercise for many institutions, especially from countries inwhich mission statements are not the rule, the resulting EPSs oftencontained a number of inconsistencies with regard to institutionalstrategies and policies and with regard to the relationship betweeninstitutional and European goals and policies. The contributiondiscusses typical problems of the strategic management ofinternationalisation processes at higher education institutionsby presenting results of an analysis of these EPSs. It also drawssome conclusions regarding implications for future developments inthe context of institutional management of change and the conceptof the learning organisation. 相似文献
19.
从学术到市场:高等教育机构分类的价值取向 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
林莉 《清华大学教育研究》2004,25(6):6-11,15
市场力量带来的高等教育系统的多样化导致了高等教育机构分类的出现。目前国内外已有的高等教育机构分类方法和标准以学术性为主要取向，不能充分反映市场力量对高等教育系统的影响，不利于人们正确认识高等教育的属性。高等教育发展过程中政府、市场和学术力量之间错综复杂的关系以及由此给高等教育机构分类带来的影响，是导致高等教育机构分类问题成为世界难题的根本原因。高等教育的协调发展是政府、市场及学术三种力量平衡的结果，一个好的高等教育机构分类标准，不仅要体现高等教育的本质属性，还应该促进高等教育的协调发展。 相似文献