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1.
当前,国内外学术界对于大学学术职业制度的系统研究还不多,已有的研究成果主要集中在三个方面:大学学术职业制度的比较研究;大学学术职业制度发展中的现实问题;大学学术职业制度的特征。现有研究中存在缺乏对大学学术职业制度内在构成的深入分析;缺乏对大学学术职业制度变迁历程进行研究等问题。 相似文献
2.
郭颖 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2007,26(12):28-30
高校学术失范现象的频繁出现是社会急功近利思想的自然折射、是学官制度带来的必然症候、是相关学术制度缺失的利益投机、是学者自律性迷失的庸俗表白。扼制高校学术失范必须多方施策:尝试学官分离、走高校管理的职业化道路;强化高校学术研究制度的实施与监督;深化高校的学习之风、强化学者自律、大兴诚实的研究之风,以纯净高校学术研究环境。 相似文献
3.
学术职业精神气质的遗传印记 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宋旭红 《清华大学教育研究》2008,29(5)
学术职业的精神气质是学术职业的灵魂所在、血脉所依,体现了学术职业以学术为生为业的生命内在需求和神圣召唤。追溯学术职业精神气质的遗传印记必须考察学术职业最初、最久远的起源,剖析其生长的第一个生命细胞。本文从中世纪大学生成的最初胚胎开始追溯,沿着修道院、经院哲学、科学学院化、学术的社会责任担当等学术职业发展的几个重要时期,探寻学术职业在千年发展中精神气质的遗传印记:沉潜与寂寞、怀疑与批判、自由与激情、学术与责任。 相似文献
4.
Academic profession in academic organization 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jan-Erik Lane 《Higher Education》1985,14(3):241-268
It has been argued that academic organizations are organized anarchies with ambiguous goal functions and uncertain technologies. Academia cannot evaluate itself because its dynamics is the garbage-can process. The counter-argument is that rational academic man(woman) is a substitute for organizational foolishness. The organizational behavior of academic institutions must be interpreted in terms of the logic of the academic profession. 相似文献
5.
全球化背景下,学术职业流动呈现出市场化、国际化、多样化的特点。这给高等教育发展带来契机：促进了大学教育国际化;增强了学术职业的国际竞争力;消解大学的国家主义。但同时也带来了系列挑战,使大学学术职业队伍存在安全风险,更使学术职业面临价值两难和身份危机。 相似文献
6.
基层学术组织是履行大学职能,实现大学发展目标的重要实体,地方大学由于自身基础条件先天不足,学术实力孱弱,功能严重弱化,极大制约自身发展。面对日趋激烈的竞争形势,构建多元化的基层学术组织体系,优化学术组织权力运行机制,构建科学的学术评价机制,加强学术组织的运行保障建设,是有效提升基层学术组织治理能力的重要路径。 相似文献
7.
优化学术环境建设一流大学的教师队伍 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
教师队伍是世界一流大学建设的核心,而一流水平的教师队伍建设需要良好的学术环境。本文从大学理念出发,着重分析了影响学术环境的不利因素,从优化学术环境的角度,提出了有关体制、机制和制度方面加强教师队伍建设的若干建设性意见。 相似文献
8.
随着大学与象牙塔之外的社会结合越来越紧密,作为高深知识的制度保障的学术自由也不得不面对社会环境对其产生的影响和监督。知识本身的发展和大学组织的变化,在一定程度上改变了大学和学术自由的原始意义,使得大学和学术自由在保留了其本质精华的基础上,又在内涵和外延的边界上不断发生着变化。本文分析了学术职业中的学术自由与社会责任、学术自律、学术规范的关系。认为,高深知识的发展使大学的学术自由与学术责任越来越相互交融。伴随着社会知识化与知识社会化的进程,学术自由越深入,它对学术职业的责任、伦理和自律的要求也就越高。 相似文献
9.
本文从公共选择理论的视角,探讨了大学学术组织决策过程中存在的决策规则、投票活动以及权力制衡等三大困境,对此提出了革新规则、优化过程和平衡权力等三大克服困境的举措. 相似文献
10.
YAN Fengqiao 《Frontiers of Education in China》2013,8(2):198
Through experiencing and reviewing multiple-country endeavors in academic profession study and participating in a new project regarding the academic profession in Asia, the author pinpoints and anticipates the shortcomings of study alone or dominantly questionnaire-based and ignoring the broader social context. The author proposes a new perspective or methodology to mitigate these shortcomings. The traditional approach focuses on commonalities rather than differences of the academic profession in a variety of countries. By comparing identical questionnaires, it is easy to conclude that, according to some indicators, the academic profession in developing countries, a category in which most Asian countries belong, is inferior to that in developed countries by a certain magnitude. This research strategy will devalue the research efforts on the academic profession in Asia. The academic profession is a complicated phenomenon, and it requires a sophisticated research methodology. The characteristics of the academic profession in Asia can be induced by empirically studying its relationship with the institutional environments in which the academic profession is embedded. In addition, all developing countries in Asia are undergoing a process of modernization. This dynamic feature is valuable and deserves exploration. The institutional environments in Asia can be demonstrated and illustrated via cultural and historical lenses. The purpose of this paper is to review international projects and literature regarding the academic profession. This review tries to be both critical and constructive, and shed light on newly initiated projects in the Asian academic profession. Two major research questions are raised by the author: What is the scholarly value of the new project? What strategy can researchers employ for this endeavor? Past research is dominated by the structure-function paradigm and cross-sectional questionnaire method. This approach has both strengths and weaknesses. Historical and cultural perspectives are proposed to overcome the existing limitations and explore the potential value of the new academic effort. 相似文献
11.
基层学术组织作为学术＂重镇＂,在高校的发展演变与内部改革中扮演重要角色。国内对大学基层学术组织的研究主要集中于三个方面：大学基层学术组织的内涵、特征与历程;大学基层学术组织权力结构、发展机制的理论;大学基层学术组织的改革与发展的理论创新与实证。国外相关研究则集中于对高等教育系统本身或者大学组织的整体特性,未将大学基层学术组织作为独立对象进行专门探讨,但他们介绍的大学学术组织的发展经验以及研究所采用的科学方法,形成的独特见解和取得的特色成果仍然具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
12.
大学基层学术组织制度建设的内在逻辑 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
作为"底部沉重"的组织代表的大学,其基层学术组织制度的完善与否与大学理念、大学职能以及社会责任都是息息相关.本文从结构、功能和目标三个方面分析,试图找出我国大学内部管理始终无法规避的三大矛盾的解决之道,理清知识本位的基层组织建设模式自下而上的形成逻辑.它让教授们有着崇高的治学权力,为构建厚重的基层底盘结构提供理论依据,在大学职能实践上凸显其优越性和不可替代性,同时也符合社会责任的专业化选择要求,并为确立效率为先学术至上的行政与学术分立的内部管理制度提供基础. 相似文献
13.
20世纪80年代以来,新管理主义在西方主要发达国家兴起,并强势地重塑着大学的内外部环境。新管理主义的影响渗透到了大学日常工作的技术操作及意识形态两个层面,同时也意味着"大学-政府"关系由信任到问责的变化。在这一背景下,西方学术职业群体普遍面临困境:(1)管理主义在大学内部被强化,学者的学术主导地位进一步受限;(2)学术职业群体分化加剧;(3)学术工作挤压个人生活空间;(4)学者普遍面临学术身份认同危机。 相似文献
14.
西方学术职业的变迁主要经历了中世纪的形成、近代的发展及其现代的转型三个时期。其演变的过程中所形成的学术职业价值理念,即“以学术为生”和“在学术上追求卓越”,已成为西方大学教师学术职业的灵魂和指导大学教师建构自身学术职业生涯的根本原则。西方大学教师学术职业发展的规律性、经验及所面临的挑战,对我国大学教师学术职业的发展具有重要的学习和借鉴意义。 相似文献
15.
在西方,工人阶级与学术专业本来分属两个不同的社会等级,工会主义与专业主义本是两种不同的价值观念,并且后者总是较前者优越.但1960年之后,随着西方学术专业经济-社会地位的"无产阶级化",工会逐渐成为学术专业维护自身权益的重要斗争工具.通过工会的集体谈判,西方学术专业提升了物质待遇、改善了工作条件,但也损害了其源自传统的神圣化身份特征,并使自己陷入了道德困境. 相似文献
16.
This article will particularly focus on Norway and the consequences for academic work. Frequently in studies of academic work, focus has been on academics’ individual autonomy and to what extent the latter is challenged (Altbach in Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci 448:1–14, 1980; Shattock in High Educ 41:27–47, 2001). One of the shortcomings in literature dealing with academic workplace is lack of attention paid to the emerging division of work generated by an increasing differentiation of the academic profession (Musselin in Knowledge Matters, The public mission of the research university, 2011). In order to better address complexities and dynamics that surround academic work, the article will in particular examine whether academic work is subject to an increasing specialization and collectivization. In our attempt to observe changes in the practices of academic work, particular interest is given to “how the organization of an academic enterprise affects academic work” (Blau in The organization of academic work. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, 1994:8). Inspired by organizational theorists such as Brunsson and Olsen in The reforming organization. Brunsson and Olsen (The reforming organization. Fagbokforlaget, Bergen, 1997) we also want to attend to the relations between organizational change and academic work. Here we address the relationship between formal organization and informal organization which is likely to develop as decoupled structures—one adapted to institutionalized norms of society and the other for coordinating activities. Furthermore, there are tendencies suggesting that universities are becoming less special as an organization (Musselin in Key challenges to the academic profession. INCHER-Kassel, Paris, 2007) and converge to more general organizational characteristics by constructing dimensions of organizations such as identity, hierarchy and rationality (Brunsson and Sahlin-Andersson in Constructing organizations: the example of public sector reform, Organization Stud 21:4, 2000). In this article we are mainly interested in how hierarchy is constructed enabling coordination by an “authoritative centre” (Brunsson and Sahlin-Andersson in Constructing organizations: the example of public sector reform, Organization Stud 21:4, 2000:726) and how it interferes with traditional forms of organizing the university. This calls for a concern to whether the specificity of academic work, built of the mainly individual exercise of a large diversity of tasks, remains a key characteristic for organizing academic activities at universities. Empirically this article studies changes in academic work regarding new patterns in organizing research funding and doctoral education in Norway that emerged in the last decade. Like in other European countries, new policies for research funding and doctoral education have led to the creation of new organisational structures within Norwegian HEIs, namely research centres and doctoral schools. 相似文献
17.
教授民主是维护学术自由与秩序、建设现代大学制度的一个要件.教授民主以其学术权力维护高校的学术力量健康发展为根本目的,在处理学术事务和学术事务管理中各有其特殊价值、内容指向及类同的组织形式;同时,教授民主实现必须重视事业责任感、权力制约、校内学术生态环境等条件要求. 相似文献
18.
分工视角中的学术职业 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从分工的视角来看 ,现代大学的学科制度既促进也制约着学术职业的发展。而学术自由作为学术职业的突出特点 ,与学术人格之间形成的良性互动 ,成为学术职业的现实推动力。我国学术职业的发展中面临着种种问题 ,应该从职业分工的角度来研究我国的大学教师 ,以便确立他们的社会地位 ,推进学术研究的发展 相似文献
19.
Shi Xiaoguang 《Chinese Education & Society》2015,48(4):297-311
Abstract:Academic mobility is becoming a tread in academic life and a professional development globally, regionally and nationally. This article makes use of a case university—Peking University (PKU)—as an analytical approach to explore how and why academic mobility can happen in China’s research universities. The author first presents an overview of the academic mobility at PKU from a historical perspective, and then describes the changing status quo of its academic mobility that has undergone for three decades. In the third part, the author analyzes and discusses the outcome made by the academic mobility from both positive and negative sides. In the end, the author notes that academic mobility is one among the best ways to internationalize China’s research universities, including PKU. 相似文献
20.
Students' orientations toward the university: An investigation of the Clark-Trow typology 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Samuel Long 《Research in higher education》1977,7(1):13-28