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1.
以我国30名皮划艇运动员为研究对象,采用文献资料、心理测验等方法,考察我国皮划艇运动员参赛动机与意志品质的总体状况,探讨不同性别、不同年龄、不同训练年限、不同等级的我国皮划艇运动员参赛动机与意志品质各维度的差异及其关系。研究结果表明,我国皮划艇运动员参赛动机与意志品质的总体状况良好;其参赛动机与意志品质部分维度存在显著性差异;其参赛动机与意志品质之间能够互相预测。 相似文献
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采用文献资料、心理测验等方法,探讨我国优秀皮划艇运动员人格特质的各因子状况,探讨不同性别、不同年龄、不同训练年限的我国优秀皮划艇运动员人格特质的各因子差异以及人格特质各因子与我国优秀皮划艇运动员运动表现的关系。研究结果表明,我国优秀皮划艇运动员人格特质的各因子之间存在显著性差异;不同性别、不同年龄、不同训练年限的我国优秀皮划艇运动员人格特质的部分因子存在显著性差异;其部分因子能够预测我国优秀皮划艇运动员运动表现。 相似文献
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采用文献资料、专家访谈、心理测验等方法,对我国皮划艇选手运动自信心特征状况及不同的性别、年龄、训练年限、等级、团队凝聚力、教导方式对我国皮划艇选手运动自信心特征的影响进行了调查分析。结果:我国皮划艇选手运动自信心特征的总体状况良好;我国皮划艇选手运动自信心特征之间存在着显著性差异;其运动自信心某些特征能够说明其运动表现的好与否。根据结果得出结论和建议,以期为我国皮划艇选手的心理训练与选材提供有益的参考。 相似文献
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以34名我国优秀女子跆拳道运动员为测试对象,使用心理测试和现场观察等方法对女子跆拳道运动员运动动机、意志品质、赛前情绪和心境等赛前心理状态进行检验和分析。总结出了优秀跆拳道运动员的赛前心理状态特征以及不同运动等级运动员心理状态的差异,为跆拳道运动员的心理选材和心理训练提供依据。 相似文献
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根据比赛发挥程度将31名优秀游泳运动员分为超常、正常、失常组,采用《赛前情绪量表-T》16×4简表在赛前2h、30min对运动员进行问卷调查,分析不同组别运动员赛前情绪状态差异,探索优秀游泳运动员赛前适宜比赛的情绪状态。结果表明:不同组别运动员赛前情绪状态存在差异;个体失败焦虑、躯体特质焦虑和特质自信相对敏感,与比赛发挥有一定联系,社会期待焦虑并非影响游泳运动员赛前情绪的敏感维度;游泳运动员临赛前应具备较高水平正确导向的自信,中等偏低的躯体特质焦虑、个体失败焦虑和社会期待焦虑;建议教练员重视心理训练和赛时心理调节。 相似文献
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女子自由式摔跤运动员赛前情绪状态与运动成绩关系的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对参加第十届全国运动会女子摔跤比赛预赛(第二轮)的85名运动员进行了赛前情绪状态的问卷调查和分析。研究结果表明,运动员赛前状态受到运动员曾经所取得成绩的影响,不同水平运动员赛前情绪状态不同;运动员在赛前焦虑水平越低,自信心越高越有利于其运动成绩的取得。 相似文献
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对参加2012年全国武术散打锦标赛的31名运动员以问卷方式进行心理测验,分析优秀散打运动员赛前心理状态与运动成绩的关系。结果：1）男性散打运动员的消极情绪明显高于女性散打运动员,积极情绪明显低于女性散打运动员,并存在不同程度显著性差异。2）成绩优秀组散打运动员的消极情绪最低,成绩较差组最高,不同成绩组别在紧张、慌乱、成就感降低、情绪体力耗竭和运动消极评价因子上的得分呈显著性差异。3）紧张和情绪体力耗竭对优秀散打运动员运动成绩具有非常显著预测作用。结论：比赛成功的运动员赛前心理状态优于不成功的运动员,运动员赛前心理状态与运动成绩密切关联。 相似文献
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采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法,以辽宁省青少年乒乓球男、女运动员为研究对象,分析其非智力因素现状及水平,结果表明:辽宁省不同性别青少年运动员运动独立性维度呈现非常显著差异;不同等级青少年运动员在情绪稳定性、成就动机维度上差异性显著;不同训练年限的青少年运动员在情绪稳定性上差异性非常显著;不同水平的运动员在运动好胜心和自信心6个维度上差异性显著. 相似文献
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运动员参加比赛,特别是青少年,往往会表现出情绪不稳,给运动员带来不良的影响,使运动成绩无法正常发挥。通过对影响运动员赛前情绪不稳的因素的分析,提出了对赛前紧张情绪调控的方法。 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that upper body aerobically trained athletes (kayak canoeists) would have greater left ventricular wall thickness, but similar left ventricular diastolic chamber dimensions, compared with recreationally active and sedentary men. Ultrasound echocardiography was used to determine cardiac structure and function in highly trained kayak canoeists (n = 10), moderately active (n = 10) and sedentary men (n = 10). The septal and posterior left ventricular walls were approximately 0.2 cm thicker in kayak canoeists (P < 0.05), and left ventricular mass was 51% and 32% greater (P < 0.05) in canoeists than in the sedentary and moderately trained participants, respectively. There were no differences in left ventricular chamber dimension, suggesting that the kayak canoeists had a concentric pattern of left ventricular adaptation to aerobic upper body training. Scaling the data to body composition indices had no effect on the outcome of the statistical analysis. There were no differences in resting Doppler left ventricular diastolic or systolic function among the groups. Ejection fraction was lower in the kayak canoeists, but the magnitude of the difference was within the normal variability for this measurement. Thus aerobically upper body trained athletes demonstrated a concentric pattern of cardiac enlargement, but resting left ventricle function was not different between athletes, moderately active and sedentary individuals. 相似文献
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赵慧 《体育科技文献通报》2021,(2):181-182
体育舞蹈富有的大众化、社会化及市场化驱使其成为近年来发展迅速的综合性国际体育项目,并加速了我国体育舞蹈事业的发展。作为舶来品的体育舞蹈虽受中国化元素洗礼形成了独树一帜的表演风格,但由于体育舞蹈本质的西方化使中外选手的表演风格大相径庭。因此本文基于体育舞蹈的风格特点,以国内外四对知名优秀选手为研究对象,从基本技术、音乐选材、套路编排、情感表达分析其表演风格的差异性,力图将表演风格融入体育舞蹈的核心,进一步提高选手的表达能力。 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that upper body aerobically trained athletes (kayak canoeists) would have greater left ventricular wall thickness, but similar left ventricular diastolic chamber dimensions, compared with recreationally active and sedentary men. Ultrasound echocardiography was used to determine cardiac structure and function in highly trained kayak canoeists (n?=?10), moderately active (n?=?10) and sedentary men (n?=?10). The septal and posterior left ventricular walls were ～0.2?cm thicker in kayak canoeists (P?<?0.05), and left ventricular mass was 51% and 32% greater (P?<?0.05) in canoeists than in the sedentary and moderately trained participants, respectively. There were no differences in left ventricular chamber dimension, suggesting that the kayak canoeists had a concentric pattern of left ventricular adaptation to aerobic upper body training. Scaling the data to body composition indices had no effect on the outcome of the statistical analysis. There were no differences in resting Doppler left ventricular diastolic or systolic function among the groups. Ejection fraction was lower in the kayak canoeists, but the magnitude of the difference was within the normal variability for this measurement. Thus aerobically upper body trained athletes demonstrated a concentric pattern of cardiac enlargement, but resting left ventricle function was not different between athletes, moderately active and sedentary individuals. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2014,3(1):60-63
BackgroundShoulder flexion requires an optimal length of the latissimus dorsi muscle in order to allow full lateral rotation of the humerus and upward scapular rotation. If shoulder flexion (in an externally rotated position) is restricted, this may predispose the individual to shoulder pathology. Sports such as swimming and canoeing have increased shoulder injuries and require high levels of latissimus dorsi muscle activity, which may create muscle hypertrophy and increased stiffness, resulting in a loss of muscle length. The objective of this study was to investigate if differences are present in shoulder flexion in internally and externally rotated positions across different sports (swimming, canoeing, and rugby) and a non-sporting control group.MethodsOne hundred subjects (40 physically active controls, 25 professional Rugby Union players, 20 elite, national-level canoeists (slalom), and 15 elite, national-level swimmers) participated in this study. Shoulder flexion range of motion was measured using a standard goniometer, with the arm elevated in either full external or internal rotation.ResultsA significant difference in shoulder flexion range was observed between canoeists and swimmers, canoeists and controls, rugby players and canoeists, rugby players and swimmers, and controls and swimmers in the external rotation position (p < 0.017), but not between controls and rugby players (p = 0.12). For the internal rotation position, swimmers significantly differed from canoeists, rugby players, and controls (p < 0.017), but there were no significant differences between rugby players, canoeists, and controls (p > 0.07).ConclusionThis study found that the length of the latissimus dorsi differs between sports and controls in accordance with the specific physical demands of their sport. 相似文献
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KEITH P. GEORGE PHILIP E. GATES KAREN M. BIRCH IAN G. CAMPBELL 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):633-642
In this study,we investigated resting left ventricular dimensions and function in trained female rowers, canoeists and cyclists. In male populations, such athletes have demonstrated the largest left ventricular wall thicknesses and cavity dimensions. Echocardiograms were analysed from 24 athletes (rowers and canoeists, n=12; cyclists, n=12) and 21 age-matched controls to measure left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and volume, and septal (ST) and posterior wall (PWT) thicknesses. Left ventricular mass was calculated from M-mode data. Systolic and diastolic function were calculated from M-mode and Doppler echocardiography, respectively. Height, body mass, body surface area and fat-free mass were determined anthropometrically. The athletes were well matched with the controls for all anthropometric variables except fat-free mass (rowers and canoeists 49.7 3.6 kg, cyclists 48.0?+\- 3.8 kg, controls 45.0?+\- 5.4 kg; P < 0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, mass and volume, and septal and posterior wall thicknesses, were all significantly greater in the athletes than the controls (P < 0.05). These differences persisted (except for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension) even after allometric adjustment for group differences in fat-free mass. Stroke volume was larger (rowers and canoeists 102?+\- 13 ml, cyclists 103?+\0 16 ml, controls 80?+\- 15 ml; P < 0.05) in both groups of athletes but all other functional data were similar between groups. As in male athletes, female rowers, canoeists and cyclists displayed significantly larger left ventricular cavity dimensions and wall thicknesses than controls. 相似文献
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In this study, we investigated resting left ventricular dimensions and function in trained female rowers, canoeists and cyclists. In male populations, such athletes have demonstrated the largest left ventricular wall thicknesses and cavity dimensions. Echocardiograms were analysed from 24 athletes (rowers and canoeists, n = 12; cyclists, n = 12) and 21 age-matched controls to measure left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and volume, and septal (ST) and posterior wall (PWT) thicknesses. Left ventricular mass was calculated from M-mode data. Systolic and diastolic function were calculated from M-mode and Doppler echocardiography, respectively. Height, body mass, body surface area and fat-free mass were determined anthropometrically. The athletes were well matched with the controls for all anthropometric variables except fat-free mass (rowers and canoeists 49.7+/-3.6 kg, cyclists 48.0+/-3.8 kg, controls 45.0+/-5.4 kg; P < 0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, mass and volume, and septal and posterior wall thicknesses, were all significantly greater in the athletes than the controls (P < 0.05). These differences persisted (except for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension) even after allometric adjustment for group differences in fat-free mass. Stroke volume was larger (rowers and canoeists 102+/-13 ml, cyclists 103+/-16 ml, controls 80+/-15 ml; P < 0.05) in both groups of athletes but all other functional data were similar between groups. As in male athletes, female rowers, canoeists and cyclists displayed significantly larger left ventricular cavity dimensions and wall thicknesses than controls. 相似文献
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AbstractDespite the large amount of research available on how engagement in football practice relates to future performance level among football players, similar information about the contribution of non-football activities is scarce. Based on data from 745 elite youth players this study aimed to identify the characteristics and contribution of diverse participation towards elite youth and senior professional status. The data were collected using a retrospective questionnaire where the players reported the amount of time spent in other sports than football, in addition to their perceived contribution of different non-football activities for developing football skills. The accumulated hours of time spent in other sports of players who had obtained a senior professional contract were compared to non-professional players, using multilevel modelling (n = 558), while a t-test compared the activity ratings to each other. No significant differences were identified between professional and non-professional players’ engagement history, but overall, the players rated sports similar to football to be significantly more relevant for developing football skills than other sports. The results suggests that spending time in non-football activities did not contribute to present differences in performance attainment in football, but also that potential advantages of such activities may be related to their characteristics. 相似文献
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中国优秀皮划艇运动员身体形态特征的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对我国优秀皮划艇运动员进行了身体形态测试和问卷调查,并与近3届奥运会皮划艇获奖牌选手的基本形态参数进行了比较分析。认为,我国皮划艇运动员的身高与奥运优秀运动员无差距,且女子运动员优于奥运优秀选手;我国皮划艇运动员的体重、体脂、肢体围度与奥运优秀选手有一定的差距,骨骼肌欠发达,力量和专项力量耐力素质需发展和提高。 相似文献
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中国参与体育全球化的进程及其特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国参与体育全球化的起始时间要追溯到19世纪60年代的洋务运动时期。中国在融入到体育全球化的百余年历程中,形成了3个明显的发展阶段,也具有不同于其它国家的发展特征。即中国参与体育全球化进程的速度在加快,以吸收和接受西方体育文化为主,经历了从被动参与到主动吸收和理性思考的过程,促使中国体育现代化进程显著加快,整体水平显著提高,以资源“流入”开始到逐步对世界产生深刻影响,使得现代奥林匹克运动与中国优秀传统文化得以有效结合。 相似文献