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1.
Jörg Schorer Florian Loffing Norbert Hagemann Joseph Baker 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):507-513
Abstract Left-handed performers seem to enjoy an advantage in interactive sports. Researchers suggest this is predominantly due to the relative scarcity of left-handers compared with right-handers. Such negative frequency-dependent advantages are likely to appear in inefficient game-play behaviour against left-handed opponents such as reduced ability to correctly anticipate left-handers' action intentions. We used a pre–post retention design to test whether such negative frequency-dependent perceptual effects can be reversed via effective training. In a video-based test, 30 handball novices anticipated the shot outcome of temporally occluded handball penalties thrown by right- and left-handed players. Between the pre- and post-tests, participants underwent a perceptual training programme to improve prediction accuracy, followed by an unfilled retention test one week later. Participants were divided into two hand-specific training groups (i.e. only right- or left-handed shots were presented during training) and a mixed group (i.e. both right- and left-handed shots were presented). Our results support the negative frequency-dependent advantage hypothesis, as hand-specific perceptual training led to side-specific improvement of anticipation skills. Similarly, findings provide experimental evidence to support the contention that negatively frequency-dependent selection mechanisms contributed to the maintenance of the handedness polymorphism. 相似文献
2.
Abstract Previous research on laterality in sport suggests an over-representation of left-handers in interactive sports such as tennis and cricket. These findings potentially reflect left-handers' advantage over their right-handed competitors in those sports. Although considered crucial for successful performance, the tactical component of their superiority has yet to be analysed. Two studies were conducted to test for a side bias in tennis players' tactical preferences. In the first study, 108 right- and left-handed players of varying skill watched rallies on a computer screen and had to indicate where they would place the ball in the opposing half. The results showed the tactical preference of players to place more balls on a left-handed opponent's mostly stronger forehand side compared with when faced with a right-hander. In the second study, 54 professional tennis matches involving right- and left-handers were analysed with respect to ball placement frequencies on the opponent's backhand side. Significantly fewer balls were hit to the backhand side of a left-handed opponent, thus replicating the findings of Study 1 in on-court situations. Both studies indicate players' preference to place shots to their right irrespective of their opponent's handedness. Findings support the assumption that left-handers might enjoy a strategic advantage in tennis. 相似文献
3.
We examined the effectiveness of perceptual training on the performance of handball goalkeepers when anticipating the direction of both direct and deceptive 7-m throws. Skilled goalkeepers were assigned equally to three matched-ability groups based on their pre-test performance: a perceptual training group (n = 14) received video-based perceptual training, a placebo training group (n = 14) received video-based regular training and a control group received no training. Participants in the perceptual training group significantly improved their performance compared to both placebo and control groups; however, anticipation of deceptive throws improved less than for direct throws. The results confirm that although anticipating deception in handball is a challenging task for goalkeepers, task-specific perceptual training can minimise its effect and improve performance. 相似文献
4.
我国手球运动训练理念的沿革 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用问卷调查、专家访谈、观察等研究方法，认为我国手球运动经历了创业、发展、停滞后恢复、高峰、滑坡5个阶段；手球训练理念从50年代的简单模仿、学习，到60年代的“三从一大”，70年代的科学训练理论应用于实践，一直到高峰阶段的系统、规范、独特，既拥有欧洲球队的高大队员、扎实的基本技战术，又具备亚洲球队快速、灵活、多变、以我为主的风格。 相似文献
5.
Matthew J. Solomito Joel V. Ferreira Carl W. Nissen 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(2):143-151
Left-handed baseball pitchers are thought to have a number of theoretical advantages compared to right-handed pitchers; however, there is limited scientific research detailing differences in the pitching mechanics of right- and left-handed pitchers. Therefore, this study sought to understand whether any kinematic and kinetic differences existed between right- and left-handed baseball pitchers. A total of 52 collegiate pitchers were included in this study; 26 left-handed pitchers were compared to 26 age-, height-, weight- and ball velocity-matched right-handed pitchers. Demographic information, passive shoulder range of motion and kinematic and kinetic data were obtained for each pitcher participating in the study. Results indicated that left-handed pitchers did not have a glenohumeral internal rotation deficit as compared to right-handed pitchers. Kinematic analysis indicated that elbow flexion, horizontal glenohumeral abduction and wrist coronal plane motion were significantly different between the two study cohorts. It was also noted that left-handed pitchers had increased elbow varus moments. The findings of this study suggest that pitching coaches should be aware that there are biomechanical differences between left- and right-handed pitchers. 相似文献
6.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):377-384
Abstract The aim of this study was to monitor biological markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, mood states, and recovery-stress states throughout an entire season in male handball players. Fourteen handball players (age 20.1±2.5 years) with a regular training and competitive background in handball (11.0±3.7 years) from the same club volunteered to participate. All participants completed 40 weeks of training. The training load was increased progressively throughout the season. Blood samples were collected and questionnaires were administered during preparatory, competitive, and recovery periods. Blood C-reactive protein and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations increased during periods of high load, while the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) decreased. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in total leukocyte count. Positive correlations were found between C-reactive protein, GSSG, GSH/GSSG ratio, and training load. No changes were observed in the Total Mood Disturbance score of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). However, scores on some Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes subscales, such as Injury, Physical Recovery, and Being in Shape, correlated with training load. Findings indicate that during periods of high training load, handball players developed a low grade of inflammation and oxidative state. Results support the usefulness of monitoring psychological and biological markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and training load during season. 相似文献
7.
目的:对赛前专项训练进行监控,为提高专项训练水平提供依据。方法:以22名优秀男子手球运动员为研究对象,对赛前专项训练手段进行心率和乳酸的监控,阶段训练后评价专项无氧能力训练效果。结果:1)3种教赛负荷强度不同。2)全场抢7分训练课的全场平均心率为155.1b/min。3)攻防转换训练课的平均心率为156.9b/min。4)300m×4间歇跑的乳酸峰值达13.7716.26mmol/L。5)专项综合训练课的平均心率为120.3b/min。6)阶段训练后,队员的最大功率、平均功率显著提高。结论:1)教赛3达到比赛强度。2)全场抢7分能提高队员强对抗条件下的快速得分能力。3)攻防转换训练对提高队员的攻防转换速度有较好的作用。4)300m×4间歇跑训练对提高运动员糖酵解供能能力有较好的作用。5)专项综合训练课不利于运动员发展强对抗条件下的技战术能力。6)赛前大强度训练对提高队员的无氧能力有比较好的作用。 相似文献
8.
Intuition is often considered an effective manner of decision making in sports. In this study we investigated whether a preference for intuition over deliberation results in faster and better lab-based choices in team handball attack situations with 54 male and female handball players of different expertise levels. We assumed that intuitive choices-due to their affective nature--are faster when multiple options are to be considered. The results show that athletes who had a preference for intuitive decisions made faster and better choices than athletes classified as deliberative decision makers. It is important that experts were more intuitive than near-expert and nonexpert players. The results support a take-the-first heuristic defining how options are searched for, how option generation is stopped, and how an option is chosen. Implications for the training of intuitive decision making are presented. 相似文献
9.
通过对2004年和2008年奥运会、2005年和2007年世锦赛,以及2008年欧锦赛的技术数据进行统比分析。发现近几年来,世界女子手球运动的发展,呈现出一些很明显的变化,快速反击技术及外围远射技术的运用明显增多,而边锋位置的进攻及近距离射门明显减少。这些变化都与现代女子手球运动发展有着密不可分的内在联系。 相似文献
10.
中国女子手球队技战术训练特点分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国女子手球队在第28届奥运会获得较好成绩。研究运用观察统计法,对中国女子手球队技战术训练组织实施和方法手段进行统计分析,并对其奥运会比赛中技战术运用情况进行统计,探讨中国女子手球队技战术训练的特点及效果,为提高我国女子手球技战术训练水平和其它同场对抗性球类项目备战大赛的技战术训练安排提供参考和借鉴。研究表明,中国女子手球队技战术训练以提高比赛能力为宗旨,技战术训练安排层次清楚、针对性强;中国队在雅典奥运会比赛成绩与赛后技术统计结果基本适应,体现了技战术的要求和原则,初步形成了快速、灵活的技战术特点。 相似文献
11.
Jamie S. North Neil E. Bezodis Colm P. Murphy Oliver R. Runswick Chris Pocock André Roca 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(6):613-620
In table tennis the follow-through action after a shot is an important part of skill execution. In this experiment, we aimed to extend literature around the contextual interference effect by investigating whether the way the follow-through is organised in practice affects learning of the backhand shot in table tennis. Thirty unskilled participants were allocated to blocked-variable practice, random-variable practice or a control-constant group and aimed backhand shots towards a target following ball projection from a machine. Each group completed these shots in a pre-test, a training phase with follow-through manipulations, a post-test, and a retention test. The random-variable group improved their shot accuracy from pre-test to post-test and from pre-test to retention test (both P < 0.01, d = 1.03), whereas neither the blocked-variable nor the control-constant group displayed any change in shot accuracy. Practising the follow-through in a random-variable fashion enhanced learning of the preceding shot compared with blocked-variable practice or no follow-through instructions. The benefits of learning motor skills under conditions of high contextual interference also apply to how follow-through actions are organised. The findings are valuable to coaches and suggest that instructions related to the follow-through action should be considered as well as the primary skill itself. 相似文献
12.
Rafael Sabido Javier Botella Angel Navarro Julio Tous-Fajardo 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(5):530-538
To investigate the influence of adding a weekly eccentric-overload training (EOT) session in several athletic performance’s tests, 18 team-handball players were assigned either to an EOT (n?=?11) or a Control (n?=?7) group. Both groups continued to perform the same habitual strength training, but the EOT group added one session/week during a 7-week training programme consisting of four sets of eight repetitions for the bilateral half-squat and unilateral lunge exercises. The test battery included handball throwing velocity, maximum dynamic strength (1RM), countermovement jump (CMJ), 20?m sprint, triple hop for distance, and eccentric/concentric power in both the half-squat and lunge exercises. Data were analysed using magnitude-based inferences. Both groups improved their 1RM in the half squat, 20?m sprint time, and CMJ performance to a similar extent, but the EOT group showed a beneficial effect for both right [(42/58/0), possibly positive] and left [(99/1/0), very likely positive] triple hop for distance performance. In addition, the EOT group showed greater power output improvements in both eccentric and concentric phases of the half-squat (difference in percent of change ranging from 6.5% to 22.0%) and lunge exercises (difference in per cent of change ranging from 13.1% to 24.9%). Nevertheless, no group showed changes in handball throwing velocity. Selected variables related to team-handball performance (i.e. functional jumping performance, power output) can be improved by adding a single EOT session per week, highlighting the usefulness of this low-volume/high-intensity training when aiming at optimizing dynamic athletic performance. 相似文献
13.
While tactical performance in competition has been analysed extensively, the assessment of training processes of tactical behaviour has rather been neglected in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a methodology to assess the acquisition and implementation of offensive tactical behaviour in team handball. The use of game analysis software combined with an artificial neural network (ANN) software enabled identifying tactical target patterns from high level junior players based on their positions during offensive actions. These patterns were then trained by an amateur junior handball team (n = 14, 17 (0.5) years)). Following 6 weeks of tactical training an exhibition game was performed where the players were advised to use the target patterns as often as possible. Subsequently, the position data of the game was analysed with an ANN. The test revealed that 58% of the played patterns could be related to the trained target patterns. The similarity between executed patterns and target patterns was assessed by calculating the mean distance between key positions of the players in the game and the target pattern which was 0.49 (0.20) m. In summary, the presented method appears to be a valid instrument to assess tactical training. 相似文献
14.
The influence of shaft stiffness on potential energy and puck speed during wrist and slap shots in ice hockey 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between hockey stick shaft stiffness and puck speed with mechanical
energy considerations during stationary wrist and slap shots. Thirty left-handed pro-model composite hockey sticks, submitted
by eleven hockey stick manufacturers, were subjected to a mechanical cantilever bend test to determine the shaft stiffness
of each stick. Eight sticks representing the entire spectrum of stiffnesses were then used by five elite male hockey players
to perform stationary wrist and slap shots in a laboratory setting. Eight infra-red high-speed digital video cameras were
used to capture shaft deformation and puck speed. A second mechanical test then replicated the loading patterns applied to
each stick during shooting. Force-deformation data from this test were used to determine the shaft stiffness and potential
energy storage and return associated with each stick during shooting. The results of this study suggest that shaft stiffness
has an influence on puck speed in wrist but not slap shots. During a wrist shot, a given player should realise higher puck
speeds with a stick in which they store increased elastic potential energy in the shaft. In general, flexible sticks were
found to store the most energy. However, how the athlete loads the stick has as much influence on puck speed as stick construction.
Energy considerations were unable to explain changes in puck speed for the slap shot. For this type of shot it is the athlete
and not the equipment influencing puck speed, but the governing mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. 相似文献
15.
The persistence and generality of the contextual interference (CI) effect was tested using a rapid sequential aiming task. Participants (N=48) practiced three movement patterns for three blocks of 18 trials under a blocked (BL) or random (RA) schedule. Movement patterns were displayed and KR provided throughout practice and testing. A 24-hr delayed knowledge of results (KR) retention test included three blocks of 18 trials, followed by a transfer test of a single new movement pattern. In contradiction of the CI effect, RA practice provided an advantage for RA retention only, not BL retention. Furthermore, group differences at transfer were not persistent. Hence, RA practice does not necessarily provide enhanced, context-free learning, but it is essential training for task switching. Overall the findings reveal limited persistence and generality of the CI effect. 相似文献
16.
Christian Thue Bjørndal Lars Tore Ronglan Svein S. Andersen 《Sport, Education and Society》2017,22(7):864-877
Structured talent identification and development, it has been argued, is one of the foundations of international sporting success and many modern elite sport systems have applied normative talent development (TD) models. The success of Norwegian handball, however, is based on an alternative approach to TD. Norwegian handball is characterized by a heterarchical organizational structure in which several key actors function highly autonomously. The aim of this article is three-fold: (a) to describe the organization of TD in Norwegian handball, (b) to identify how the inherent organizational characteristics of Norwegian handball have influenced the TD processes used and (c) to discuss if contemporary TD models provide an adequate conceptualization of the model used in Norwegian handball. This case study includes three units of analysis: (i) the overall organizational structure of Norwegian handball, (ii) the characteristics of the key actors involved and (iii) the inter-communication and collaborations of the key actors. The data sources were (a) documents and (b) interviews with 11 key informants. The informants were selected strategically to represent experienced coaches and professionals from multiple organizational units. The National Handball Federation uses a broad-based model for TD: 23% of male handball players and 15% of female handball players from the age of 13–17 years participate in regional-level initiatives in addition to practising daily in community-based volunteer sport clubs and sport schools. Findings reveal that the broad base of TD initiatives creates multiple access points to the talent pipeline for adolescents. However, because the heterarchical structure involves many actors, the unintended consequences are often related to (im)properly managing training and competition loads. There is a need therefore for well-developed coordination mechanisms and good communication between the key actors involved. 相似文献
17.
18.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in handball knowledge and skill existed between three teaching methods: traditional, contractual, and independent study. Each subject (N = 36) was given pretests in handball: a knowledge test, a wall volley test, and a serve placement test. Pre- and posttest reliabilities were reported. The three intact classes used for the study started out equal in handball knowledge and skill. After 10 weeks of instruction, the three classes were given posttests for handball knowledge and skill. No significant differences, in handball knowledge and skill, were found between the three teaching methods at the .05 level. 相似文献
19.
青少年手球传球动作是手球技术的重要组成部分,针对青少年手球运动员传球技术训练中出现的突出问题进行逐一分析,并就其自信心的培养、生理条件、心理素质以及应变观察能力的培养进行了探讨,提出了青少年手球传球技能训练中应注意的问题和解决此类问题的方法,并给出了合理的建议。 相似文献
20.
The additive effects of self-regulation training in forethought, performance, and self-reflection phase processes on acquiring a novel motoric skill (i.e., basketball free throws) and self-reflective beliefs were studied with 50 college students. The results showed a positive linear trend between the number of self-regulatory phases, in which the participants were trained, and their free throw shooting performance and shooting adaptation. The two- and three-phase training groups displayed significantly more accurate free throws and were able to self-correct their shooting form more frequently following missed shots than all other groups. Participants who received three-phase training displayed the most adaptive motivational profile, characterized by making strategic attributions and adaptive inferences and by using self/process criteria during self-evaluations. 相似文献