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1.
Wikipedia is known as a free online encyclopedia. Wikipedia uses largely transparent writing and editing processes, which
aim at providing the user with quality information through a democratic collaborative system. However, one aspect of these
processes is not transparent—the identity of contributors, editors, and administrators. We argue that this particular lack
of transparency jeopardizes the validity of the information being produced by Wikipedia. We analyze the social and ethical
consequences of this lack of transparency in Wikipedia for all users, but especially students; we assess the corporate social
performance issues involved, and we propose courses of action to compensate for the potential problems. We show that Wikipedia
has the appearance, but not the reality, of responsible, transparent information production.
This paper’s authors are the same as those who authored Wood, D. J. and Queiroz, A. 2008. Information versus. knowledge: Transparency
and social responsibility issues for Wikipedia. In Antonino Vaccaro, Hugo Horta, and Peter Madsen (Eds.), Transparency, Information,
and Communication Technology (pp. 261–283). Charlottesville, VA: Philosophy Documentation Center.
Adele has changed her surname from Queiroz to Santana 相似文献
2.
Gregor Petrič 《The Information Society》2013,29(5):291-301
The researchers working on information society measures have recently started to consider how people use the Internet not only as a tool but also as a platform for social relations. As the ultimate objective of information society measures is to provide reliable guidelines for social policy, finding criteria for separating “positive” uses of Internet from “negative” ones is an important task. This article employs the concepts of communicative and strategic action as defined by Habermas for that purpose. A general conceptual typology of three communicative and three strategic social uses of Internet is offered, which can be applied to measure uses of any of the Internet's interactive services. A specific empirical application to social uses of personal web sites demonstrates that the deduced measurement instruments achieve satisfying levels of validity and reliability. 相似文献
3.
Gregor Petri
《The Information Society》2006,22(5):291-301
The researchers working on information society measures have recently started to consider how people use the Internet not only as a tool but also as a platform for social relations. As the ultimate objective of information society measures is to provide reliable guidelines for social policy, finding criteria for separating “positive” uses of Internet from “negative” ones is an important task. This article employs the concepts of communicative and strategic action as defined by Habermas for that purpose. A general conceptual typology of three communicative and three strategic social uses of Internet is offered, which can be applied to measure uses of any of the Internet's interactive services. A specific empirical application to social uses of personal web sites demonstrates that the deduced measurement instruments achieve satisfying levels of validity and reliability. 相似文献
4.
《Information processing & management》2023,60(3):103321
Social question-and-answer (Q&A) sites have the potential to serve as a useful source of online information based on their content-focused and collaborative nature. Although previous research has examined various attributes of high-quality information on social Q&A sites (e.g., best answers), relatively less attention has been paid to what affects users’ credibility assessments of information in the social Q&A context. The present study developed a social Q&A platform-specific framework for web credibility assessment, including 21 criteria under six types of web credibility, based on a literature analysis and case study of two online Q&A communities, Stack Exchange and Wikipedia Reference Desk. Using the selected sites’ policies and guidelines (n = 46) as the source of evidence, the case study revealed that content-related attributes (e.g., evidence-based, pertinence) were most frequently identified (12 of 21 criteria) as potential cues and heuristics for web credibility assessments of social Q&A sites, followed by author-related (five of 21; e.g., reputation) and design-related (four of 21; e.g., engaging design) factors. Design-related criteria were rarely included in previous models of web credibility on social Q&A or similar peer-knowledge production platforms. However, our findings showing that both Stack Exchange and Wikipedia Reference Desk have policies regarding all four design-related criteria in our framework—engaging design, moderation, design appropriateness, and ease of use—indicate the potential influences of design features on users’ web credibility assessment on social Q&A sites. Some differences emerged between the two cases, such as policies regarding the answerer's credentials or semantic accuracy that are present on Wikipedia Reference Desk but absent on Stack Exchange. Such differences in the sites’ policies reflect how they position themselves as social Q&A communities—Wikipedia, of which Wikipedia Reference Desk is a part, as an encyclopedia, and Stack Exchange as a community-based platform for learning, sharing knowledge, and building careers of users. 相似文献
5.
《Information processing & management》2020,57(3):102134
Despite a growing body of scholarship on Wikipedia very few studies focus on motivational factors that compel underrepresented populations to contribute to the online encyclopedia. This study examines the information behavior of Black Wikipedians by examining a proposed research model that considers black altruism and perceptions of information quality among factors that drive content contribution. Data were collected from an online survey of 318 Black identified Wikipedia contributors and analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS), a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique, to measure the degree of association among factors. Results show that content contribution among Black Wikipedians is driven by self-interest and contributors’ perceptions of information quality on Wikipedia. Social presence and black altruism also have significant but indirect influences on Black Wikipedians’ content contribution. Our proposed research model for content contribution is statistically validated. 相似文献
6.
《Information processing & management》2020,57(3):102225
Wikipedia, also known as "The Free Encyclopaedia”, is one of the largest online repositories of biomedical information in the world, and is nowadays increasingly been used by medical researchers and health professionals alike. In spite of its rising popularity, little attention has been devoted to the understanding of how such medical information is organised, and especially how it evolves through time. We here present an analysis aimed at characterising such evolution, with a focus on the effects that such dynamic may have on an automated knowledge extraction process. For that, we start from a data set comprising a large number of snapshots of Wikipedia's disease articles, and the corresponding diagnostic elements as provided by the DISNET project (disnet.ctb.upm.es). We then track and analyse how different metrics evolve through time, such as the total article length or the number of medical terms and references. Results highlight some expected facts, as for instance that most articles increase their content through time; and that hot topics, as Alzheimer's disease, attract the highest number of editions and views. On the other hand, relevant behaviours are observed for less well-known diseases, including abrupt changes in the text and the concentration of contributions in a handful of editors. These results stress the importance of using correctly filtered and up-to-date datasets, and more general of considering the temporal evolution of the information in Wikipedia. 相似文献
7.
词语相似度计算方法在信息检索、词义消歧、机器翻译等自然语言处理领域有着广泛的应用。现有的词语相似度算法主要分为基于统计和基于语义资源两类方法,前者是从大规模的语料中统计与词语共现的上下文信息以计算其相似度,而后者利用人工构建的语义词典或语义网络计算相似度。本文比较分析了两类词语相似度算法,重点介绍了基于Web语料库和基于维基百科的算法,并总结了各自的特点和不足之处。最后提出,在信息技术的影响下,基于维基百科和基于混合技术的词语相似度算法以及关联数据驱动的相似性计算具有潜在的发展趋势。 相似文献
8.
History shows that pandemics can catalyse enormous change, fundamentally transforming the way people make sense of the world. Technologies can also be catalysts of change. While digital technologies are playing a vital role in tackling the covid-19 pandemic, the pandemic also presents a significant opportunity for digital technologies. Some experts believe the pandemic may permanently normalise the comprehensive societal use of digital technologies. This article casts a critical eye over the potential implications of this opportunity in the context of information systems (IS) research and development. We introduce and outline selected principles of Zygmunt Bauman’s theory of liquid modernity. We then apply the liquid-modern principles to illustrative examples drawn from the covid-19 literature by focussing on three areas of established information systems interest: control, big data and information privacy. We show that traditional conceptualisations of scientific and societal order and control need to be reassessed; that big data alone cannot order clear and safe paths out of the current crisis and that information privacy regulations are irrelevant when undermined or circumvented by public and private actors. We conclude by making four recommendations for IS pandemic researchers and five practical recommendations in the context of the pandemic. 相似文献
9.
Paul B. de Laat 《Ethics and Information Technology》2012,14(2):123-135
In communities of user-generated content, systems for the management of content and/or their contributors are usually accepted without much protest. Not so, however, in the case of Wikipedia, in which the proposal to introduce a system of review for new edits (in order to counter vandalism) led to heated discussions. This debate is analysed, and arguments of both supporters and opponents (of English, German and French tongue) are extracted from Wikipedian archives. In order to better understand this division of the minds, an analogy is drawn with theories of bureaucracy as developed for real-life organizations. From these it transpires that bureaucratic rules may be perceived as springing from either a control logic or an enabling logic. In Wikipedia, then, both perceptions were at work, depending on the underlying views of participants. Wikipedians either rejected the proposed scheme (because it is antithetical to their conception of Wikipedia as a community) or endorsed it (because it is consonant with their conception of Wikipedia as an organization with clearly defined boundaries). Are other open-content communities susceptible to the same kind of ??essential contestation??? 相似文献
10.
Simulating rational social normative trust, predictive trust, and predictive reliance between agents
A program for the simulation of rational social normative trust, predictive `trust,' and predictive reliance between agents
will be introduced. It offers a tool for social scientists or a trust component for multi-agent simulations/multi-agent systems,
which need to include trust between agents to guide the decisions about the course of action. It is based on an analysis of
rational social normative trust (RSNTR) (revised version of M. Tuomela 2002), which is presented and briefly argued. For collective
agents, belief conditions for collective agency should be added. For the various forms of trust agents must have (at least)
subjectively rational reasons to believe that the conditions of the trust account are fulfilled. A list of such reasons (of
varied weights), e.g., given by empirical research, can manually be built into a parameter file or be generated by a calling
program in a fixed format. From this list of reasons the program randomly generates a belief base for the agents of the artificial
society. Reasons can be chained together so that one set of reasons satisfies several belief conditions. The program checks
if the conditions are fulfilled for the artificial agents' social normative trust/predictive `trust'/`predictive reliance'
in another agent that he will perform an action X. Each outcome is logged to a result file. In conclusion we discuss various
aspects of the application of a trust component of the suggested kind in empirical research, social simulation, and multi-agent
systems.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
This paper describes the development and testing of a novel Automatic Search Query Enhancement (ASQE) algorithm, the Wikipedia N Sub-state Algorithm (WNSSA), which utilises Wikipedia as the sole data source for prior knowledge. This algorithm is built upon the concept of iterative states and sub-states, harnessing the power of Wikipedia’s data set and link information to identify and utilise reoccurring terms to aid term selection and weighting during enhancement. This algorithm is designed to prevent query drift by making callbacks to the user’s original search intent by persisting the original query between internal states with additional selected enhancement terms. The developed algorithm has shown to improve both short and long queries by providing a better understanding of the query and available data. The proposed algorithm was compared against five existing ASQE algorithms that utilise Wikipedia as the sole data source, showing an average Mean Average Precision (MAP) improvement of 0.273 over the tested existing ASQE algorithms. 相似文献
12.
The Concept of Information Overload: A Review of Literature from Organization Science, Accounting, Marketing, MIS, and Related Disciplines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on literature from the domains of organization science, marketing, accounting, and management information systems, this review article examines the theoretical basis of the information overload discourse and presents an overview of the main definitions, situations, causes, effects, and countermeasures. It analyzes the contributions from the last 30 years to consolidate the existing research in a conceptual framework and to identify future research directions. 相似文献
13.
Based on literature from the domains of organization science, marketing, accounting, and management information systems, this review article examines the theoretical basis of the information overload discourse and presents an overview of the main definitions, situations, causes, effects, and countermeasures. It analyzes the contributions from the last 30 years to consolidate the existing research in a conceptual framework and to identify future research directions. 相似文献
14.
Many of the approaches to image retrieval on the Web have their basis in text retrieval. However, when searchers are asked to describe their image needs, the resulting query is often short and potentially ambiguous. The solution we propose is to perform automatic query expansion using Wikipedia as the source knowledge base, resulting in a diversification of the search results. The outcome is a broad range of images that represent the various possible interpretations of the query. In order to assist the searcher in finding images that match their specific intentions for the query, we have developed an image organization method that uses both the conceptual information associated with each image, and the visual features extracted from the images. This, coupled with a hierarchical organization of the concepts, provides an interactive interface that takes advantage of the searchers’ abilities to recognize relevant concepts, filter and focus the search results based on these concepts, and visually identify relevant images while navigating within the image space. In this paper, we outline the key features of our image retrieval system (CIDER), and present the results of a preliminary user evaluation. The results of this study illustrate the potential benefits that CIDER can provide for searchers conducting image retrieval tasks. 相似文献
15.
以福柯的"话语理论"为分析视角,在系统论述数据库的语言特征及其话语/实践关系的基础上,重点讨论了数据库的社会性全景监视的话语功能,及其在社会、经济政治领域中,通过话语/实践的信息互动,构建社会主体的途径和机制。 相似文献
16.
Kazimierz Zielinski Radoslaw Nielek Adam Wierzbicki Adam Jatowt 《Information processing & management》2018,54(1):14-36
Controversy is a complex concept that has been attracting attention of scholars from diverse fields. In the era of Internet and social media, detecting controversy and controversial concepts by the means of automatic methods is especially important. Web searchers could be alerted when the contents they consume are controversial or when they attempt to acquire information on disputed topics. Presenting users with the indications and explanations of the controversy should offer them chance to see the “wider picture” rather than letting them obtain one-sided views. In this work we first introduce a formal model of controversy as the basis of computational approaches to detecting controversial concepts. Then we propose a classification based method for automatic detection of controversial articles and categories in Wikipedia. Next, we demonstrate how to use the obtained results for the estimation of the controversy level of search queries. The proposed method can be incorporated into search engines as a component responsible for detection of queries related to controversial topics. The method is independent of the search engine’s retrieval and search results recommendation algorithms, and is therefore unaffected by a possible filter bubble.Our approach can be also applied in Wikipedia or other knowledge bases for supporting the detection of controversy and content maintenance. Finally, we believe that our results could be useful for social science researchers for understanding the complex nature of controversy and in fostering their studies. 相似文献
17.
Topic choice,gendered language,and the under-funding of female scholars in mission-oriented research
《Research Policy》2023,52(6):104758
We investigate the participation of male and female applicants to a competition for research funding, using an original dataset with detailed information on both successful and unsuccessful applicants to 21 calls by a mission-oriented funding agency. We use this information to construct a fictitious pool of 277,464 potential applicants and to model their probability to submit an application. We find that, even after controlling for productivity, quality of research, seniority, years of career discontinuity, number of prior applications, affiliation, and ethnicity, women were still less likely to apply than men. The lower likelihood of females to apply was not explained by the use of masculine language in the text of the calls. Instead, women's research interests were more distant from the topics of the calls than men's. Topic proximity fully mediated female penalization in the likelihood to apply for research funding. These results are an important heads-up, in view of the increasing focus of governments in mission-oriented programs. 相似文献
18.
[目的/意义]学术社交网络是开展知识交流与学术合作的重要平台，对iSchool成员用户的研究有助于图情学科研究人员合理利用学术社交网络。[方法/过程]本文以ResearchGate （RG）为例，采集61所iSchool成员机构的用户行为数据，依据被关注—关注比例指标进行用户细分，并从地区与层级角度对用户结构及利用差异进行比较分析。[结果/结论]地区角度，北美机构拥有较多明星型用户且注重展现与互动，亚太机构用户则更倾向于搜寻信息；层级角度，iCaucus机构用户更偏好学术资源分享，低层级机构用户跟踪获取学术资源的需求则更普遍。此外，iSchool成员机构能被RG指标进行良好的层级区分，学术影响力和层级领先的机构表现出更大的学术影响，因此应进一步合理拓展对学术社交网络的利用。 相似文献
19.
The blockchain is considered to be the potential driver of the digital economy. The Blockchain technology outweighs the challenges associated with the traditional transaction business governed and regulated by the third trusted party. There is a growth in the interest among the researchers, the industry, and the academia to study and leverage the potential of Blockchain. Blockchain provides a decentralized and distributed public ledger for all the participating parties. Though it seems that blockchain is a viable choice and solution for all the centralized governed and regulated transactions (in digital online space), it has potential challenges that need to be resolved; opportunities to be explored, and applications to be studied. This paper utilizes a systematic literature review to study several research endeavors made in the domain of blockchain. To further research on blockchain adoption, the paper theoretically constructs an integrated framework of the blockchain innovation adoption process in an organization considering organizational and user acceptance perspectives. This would facilitate its widespread adoption, thereby achieving sustained leadership solutions. The paper offers 23 propositions to information systems (IS)/information management (IM) scholars with respect to innovation characteristics, organizational characteristics, environmental characteristics, and user acceptance characteristics. Further, the paper explores several areas of future research and directions that can provide deep insights for overcoming challenges and for the adoption of blockchain technology. 相似文献
20.
In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automatic generation of summary templates from given collections of summary articles. We first develop an entity-aspect LDA model to simultaneously cluster both sentences and words into aspects. We then apply frequent subtree pattern mining on the dependency parse trees of the clustered and labeled sentences to discover sentence patterns that well represent the aspects. Finally, we use the generated templates to construct summaries for new entities. Key features of our method include automatic grouping of semantically related sentence patterns and automatic identification of template slots that need to be filled in. Also, we implement a new sentence compression algorithm which use dependency tree instead of parser tree. We apply our method on five Wikipedia entity categories and compare our method with three baseline methods. Both quantitative evaluation based on human judgment and qualitative comparison demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of our method. 相似文献