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《潍坊教育学院学报》2019,(5):58-63
目的:通过对4-6岁幼儿进行心理理论测验和图片命名任务测验,研究心理理论与幼儿语言产生能力的关系。方法:研究选取29名4-6岁幼儿参加实验,采用意外转移范式测量心理理论,通过图片命名任务考查语言产生能力。采用SPSS17. 0进行数据录入并使用Pearson相关、t检验、单因素方差分析对录入的数据进行统计分析。结果:心理理论和图片命名任务存在正相关,完全获得心理理论的幼儿图片命名任务成绩高于部分获得或者没有获得心理理论的幼儿成绩,心理理论在性别上不存在显著差异。结论:4-6岁幼儿心理理论与其语言产生能力有显著相关。 相似文献
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研究通过调查乌市聋校师生的手语使用现状发现:教师采用手语教学法开展教学活动且多使用混合手语;聋生对中国手语的学习和掌握程度显著低于教师、常用本地手语的人数比例则相对较高;教师之间、师生之间、聋生与校外聋人之间的常用手语类型均呈现差异,为聋生有效学习和参与社会生活增添了挑战。 相似文献
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手语是聋人沟通与交往过程中必不可少的沟通方式。依据《聋校义务教育沟通与交往课程标准(2016年版)》编写的沟通与交往教材承载了培养聋生手语沟通能力的重要任务,教材精心穿插手语内容,系统安排手语沟通要点,梯度设计手语实践活动。教师应充分依托教材内容,着力引导聋生学习规范手语的打法,掌握手语沟通的基本方法与策略,发展聋生手语与汉语之间的转换能力,为聋生今后自由选择沟通方式夯实基础。 相似文献
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对新疆四所特殊教育学校的316名聋生和160名使用手语教学的教师进行手语使用状况问卷调查,结果显示:师生主要使用的手语类型按比例从高到低依次为"两类手语并用"、"中国手语"和"地方手语";聋生主要使用"地方手语"的比例及其水平高于教师;教师主要使用"中国手语"的比例及其水平高于聋生;职前学习和同事教授是教师学习手语的主要途径;教师、师生、聋生之间的手语使用差异在不同程度上影响了聋生对知识的学习和理解,影响了师生及聋生之间的信息交流,影响了特殊教育学校的教育教学质量;大多数特殊教育学校师生对制定"通用手语"表示赞同。 相似文献
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本研究采用表象旋转的经典实验范式对40名13-15岁聋生的表象能力及影响因素进行研究,得出以下结论:(1)聋生和健听学生的表象旋转加工能力有显著差异,前者要低于后者.两者均表现出性别差异,男性比女性更具有表象旋转的优势;(2)聋生的表象旋转加工水平没有受材料难易程度的影响,这可能与所选材料难易程度有关系,聋生的表象旋转加工水平与其助听效果和听力残疾程度没有显著的关联,但与健听学生一样,聋生表象旋转加工的反应时间都受旋转角度的影响. 相似文献
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本文调查研究了中国手语方言之一的上海手语名词手势因年龄因素所产生的变异.调查结果表明:两个不同年龄组的聋人在打斯瓦迪什词表中的92个名词手势时没有特别显著差异;而113个其他的名词手势中有14个在手形、位置、手动及手动方向存在明显差异.调查发现上海手语名词手势存在年龄变异,语言经济原则、社会变革、科学技术的发展及语言接触是产生变异的主要原因. 相似文献
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语训和助听对聋生语音意识发展的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过Stroop实验、多音字实验比较了有、无语训及助听设备的先天聋生的语音意识发展.结果表明:(1)聋生在Stroop任务中反应不受汉字读音和字的颜色的关系影响.(2)有语训、有助听设备的聋生能够掌握多音字的多种读音,但通达速度慢.无语训、无助听设备的聋生仅掌握多音字的少数读音,对相似读音区分能力弱. 相似文献
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在聋校课堂上教师使用文法手语教学出现信息交流不顺畅、答非所问、传播信息错漏、传播信息效果异化等现象的原因是什么?从信息传播的角度分析,主要有以下一些因素:一些现代汉语词汇在编码为文法手语的过程中出现部分信息流失;文法手语不完全符合聋生的思维规律和交流习惯;聋生要理解、掌握文法手语,需要一个学习过程;文法手语词目数量有限,常用的现代汉语词汇中只有一小部分有对应的文法手语;手语具有信息传播物理空间局限性;聋生在课堂上注意力容易分散等因素。 相似文献
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本调查研究采用走直线的测试方法和过指试验对89名7至11岁聋生和280名7至11岁健听生进行测试,结果表明;聋生同健听生在运动平衡方面存在显著差异;聋生听力水平、性别、病因在运动平衡方面差异不显著.其原因是聋生存在不同程度前庭系统受损. 相似文献
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Lundy JE 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2002,7(1):41-56
Using four traditional false-belief tasks, I investigated deaf children's age and expressive language skills in relation to their theory of mind development. The children's parents who signed reported on their own knowledge of a mental sign vocabulary. The results indicate age of the child to be strongly related to theory of mind development. Deaf children demonstrated an ability to pass the theory of mind assessment battery between the ages of 7 and 8 years, on average. In comparison, hearing children have consistently demonstrated the ability to perform such tasks between the ages of 4 and 5 years. Therefore, the results indicate deaf children are delayed by approximately 3 years in this cognitive developmental milestone. Expressive language skills of the children and sign language skills of the parents who signed were not found to be significantly related to the children's theory of mind development. 相似文献
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This study investigates the relationship between theory of mind (ToM) skills in deaf children and input from their hearing mothers. Twenty-two hearing mothers and their deaf children (ages 4-10 years) participated in tasks designed to elicit talk about the mind. The mothers' mental state talk was compared with that of 26 mothers with hearing children (ages 4-6 years). The frequency of mothers' mental talk was correlated with deaf children's performance on ToM tasks, after controlling for effects of child language and age. Maternal sign proficiency was correlated with child language, false belief, and mothers' talk about the mind. Findings are discussed in relation to experiential accounts of ToM development and roles of maternal talk in children's social understanding. 相似文献
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影片《无声的河》是关于实习老师文治与聋生之间的师生情故事。加德纳的多元智能理论认为,所有儿童都具有各自的优势智能,注重开发聋生们的优势智能,有利于使他们更好地参与社会和经济生活。该影片揭示了教师依据聋生的心理特点引导其情感,依据加德纳的多元智能理论开发其潜能对其身心的发展。 相似文献
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Theory of mind development in deaf children: a nonverbal test of false-belief understanding 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Our aim in this study was to investigate whether previous findings pointing to a delay in deaf children's theory of mind development are replicated when linguistic demands placed on the deaf child are minimized in a nonverbal version of standard false-belief tasks. Twenty-four prelingually deaf, orally trained children born of hearing parents were tested with both a verbal and a nonverbal version of a false-belief task. Neither the younger (range: 4 years 7 months-6 years 5 months) nor the older (range: 6 years 9 months-11 years 11 months) children of the final sample of 21 children performed above chance in the verbal task. The nonverbal task significantly facilitated performance in children of all ages. Despite this facilitation, we observed a developmental delay: only the older group performed significantly above chance in the nonverbal false-belief task, even though the younger children were at the average age when hearing children normally pass standard false-belief tests. We discuss these findings in light of the hypothesis that language development and conversational competence are crucial to the acquisition of a theory of mind. 相似文献
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聋儿心理理论的发展及其培养 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
心理理论的研究是心理学中近年来研究的热点问题,心理理论是社会认知的重要组成部分。我国聋儿占残疾人总数的比例很大,探讨聋儿的心理发展与教育对于构建和谐社会具有十分重要的现实意义。目前对聋儿心理理论的研究主要集中在聋儿对错误信念的理解和其他心理状态的发展等方面。研究结果一致认为聋儿心理理论的发展落后于正常儿童,主要原因是语言交流障碍、早期家庭环境不良、学校教育不够重视等。对聋儿心理理论的培养应从注重早期诊断和语言训练、促进家庭中有效的语言交流、充分利用学校教育、扩大聋儿人际交往等方面入手。 相似文献
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听力正常家庭和聋人家庭中聋童心理理论的发展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
聋童能否正确理解他人心理状态直接影响其正常的社会交往。已有研究表明,听力正常家庭中的聋童心理理论水平低于正常儿童,但随其语言发展和年龄增长而逐步提升。聋人家庭中的聋童心理理论处于正常水平,并随年龄增长而成熟。尽管存在心理表征能力发展的迟滞,听力正常家庭中的聋童能在一定程度上理解图片对于现实的错误表征。研究结果提示正常的社交情境可能与聋童的心理理论发展有关。 相似文献
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Courtin C 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2000,5(3):266-276
The ability to attribute false beliefs (i.e., demonstrate theory of mind) by 155 deaf children between 5 and 8 years of age was compared to that of 39 hearing children ages 4 to 6. The hypotheses under investigation were (1) that linguistic features of sign language could promote the development of theories of mind and (2) that early exposure to language would allow an easier access to these theories. Deaf children were grouped according to their communication mode and the hearing status of their parents. The results obtained in three false belief tasks supported the hypotheses: effective representational abilities were demonstrated by deaf children of deaf parents, whereas those born to hearing parents appeared delayed in that regard, with differences according to their communication mode. 相似文献
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提高课堂教学的有效性是所有教育教学改革的共同追求,也是本次新课程改革的首要目标。在聋校语文教学中,教师必须做到提升理念、精心备课,课堂上发挥聋学生学习主体性,教学方式上体现聋生特性和语文味以及面向全体等五个方面,相信我们一定能提高聋校语文课堂教学的有效性,提高聋生语文素养,促进他们身心健康成长。 相似文献
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采用统一背景的图片故事法,探讨7-12岁学障儿童（27人）和正常儿童（27人）在一级错误信念、二级错误信念、解释性心理理论和失言理解四个心理理论成分的发展趋势。结果表明,学障儿童的心理理论能力发展显著落后于正常儿童,主要表现在一级错误信念、二级错误信念、解释性心理理论方面;学障儿童的心理理论发展表现出随着年龄增长的特点,而正常儿童心理理论发展的年龄差异并不显著;整合全体被试探讨学龄期儿童心理理论诸成分之间的关系,结果表明,这四种心理理论成分的发展呈现复杂化的趋势。设计背景统一、内容简明的研究任务有助于全面考察心理理论能力的发展。 相似文献
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A group of non-native, early signing deaf children between the ages of 7 and 11 years were tested on a referential communication task. A group of hearing children matched for sex and mental and chronological age were also included in the study. The aim was to study the deaf children's ability to take another persons perspective in a task that resembled a real-life communicative situation to a higher extent than the standard theory of mind (ToM) tasks. A further aim was to investigate the possible importance of a number of background variables such as mental and chronological age, working memory, and false-belief attribution. Results show that the hearing children outperformed the deaf children on the referential communication task and that results were highly correlated with both chronological and mental age, as well as with working memory. There was a positive, but not significant, correlation between false belief and success on the referential communication task. This is an indication that the two tasks tap different abilities and that false belief might be necessary, but not sufficient in order to be skilled in the art of referential communication. The possible role of working memory in the referential communication task is also discussed. The results support the hypothesis of the importance of early talk about mental states for the later development of ToM abilities. 相似文献