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1.
This study investigated the effect of a 12-week pedometer-based intervention on daily step counts of 147 older adults randomly assigned to an intervention or wait-list control group (M age = 72.9 years, SD = 8.8). The intervention group significantly increased their daily step counts after 12 weeks (M = 639, SD = 2,239) and continued to significantly increase during a 12-week maintenance period (M = 680, SD = 1,721). The control group exhibited no change during the control period (M =-393, SD = 2,050) but had a significant increase in daily step counts (M = 1,580, SD = 2,305) when enrolled in the intervention. The pedometer-based intervention was effective in increasing participants' daily step counts.  相似文献   

2.
Focus group methodology was used to explore in depth the perceptions of older adults who had participated in a 12-week pedometer-based intervention. Nineteen women and 8 men, ages 55–86 years, volunteered to take part in the focus groups following participation in the intervention. Four focus groups of six to eight participants were scheduled at primary sites in the southern Maine area. Analysis of the data revealed four specific topical areas: (a) factors that led to increases in daily step count, (b) factors that hindered increases in daily step count, (c) benefits of pedometer intervention program, and (d) recommendations on how to improve older adults' physical activity. Overall, focus group participants found this intervention to be beneficial and recommended its expansion to other groups.  相似文献   

3.
Supervised exercise has shown benefits for subjects with asthma, but little is known about the effectiveness of unsupervised physical activity on this population. We investigated the effects of a 12-week unsupervised pedometer-based physical activity program on daily steps and on clinical and psychological parameters of adults with asthma. Clinically stable adults with moderate to severe asthma were encouraged to take daily 30-minute walks and were randomized to pedometer and control groups. The pedometer group received pedometers and individualized daily step targets. Changes in daily steps (average of steps taken during six consecutive days), six-minute walk test (6MWT), health-related quality of life, asthma control and anxiety and depression levels were assessed 12 weeks after intervention and 24–28 weeks after randomization. Thirty-seven participants were recruited and 30 completed the intervention. At 12 weeks, the groups differed significantly in daily steps (adjusted average difference, 2488 steps; 95% confidence interval [CI], 803 to 4172; p = 0.005) and in the 6MWT (adjusted average difference, 21.9 m; 95% CI, 6.6 to 37.3; p = 0.006). These differences were not significant 24–28 weeks after randomization. The program was effective in increasing daily steps of adults with moderate to severe asthma 12 weeks after intervention.  相似文献   

4.
Purpose: This study was designed to compare a low versus high theoretical fidelity pedometer intervention applying social-cognitive theory on step counts and self-efficacy. Method: Fifty-six public university employees participated in a 10-week randomized controlled trial with 2 conditions that varied in theoretical fidelity. Participants in the high theoretical fidelity condition wore a pedometer and participated in a weekly group walk followed by a meeting to discuss cognitive-behavioral strategies targeting self-efficacy. Participants in the low theoretical fidelity condition met for a group walk and also used a pedometer as a motivational tool and to monitor steps. Step counts were assessed throughout the 10-week intervention and after a no-treatment follow-up (20 weeks and 30 weeks). Self-efficacy was measured preintervention and postintervention. Results: Participants in the high theoretical fidelity condition increased daily steps by 2,283 from preintervention to postintervention, whereas participants in the low fidelity condition demonstrated minimal change during the same time period (p = .002). Individuals attending at least 80% of the sessions in the high theoretical fidelity condition showed an increase of 3,217 daily steps (d = 1.03), whereas low attenders increased by 925 (d = 0.40). Attendance had minimal impact in the low theoretical fidelity condition. Follow-up data revealed that step counts were at least somewhat maintained. For self-efficacy, participants in the high, compared with those in the low, theoretical fidelity condition showed greater improvements. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of basing activity promotion efforts on theory. The high theoretical fidelity intervention that included cognitive-behavioral strategies targeting self-efficacy was more effective than the low theoretical fidelity intervention, especially for those with high attendance.  相似文献   

5.
目的:为了探究运动干预对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的治疗效果,向患者普及科学健身的知识和方法,增强其体质,延缓病情进一步恶化。方法:通过对社区医院109名40~69岁的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者实施运动干预,并于实验前、中、后期对受试者形态、机能、素质及糖脂代谢指标进行测试。结果:与同期对照组和组内干预前相比,12周末运动组的体重、BMI、收缩压、TC和TG显著降低(P<0.05),12周末的台阶指数、坐位体前屈显著增加(P<0.05);6周末和12周末运动组的肺活量、HDL显著增加(P<0.05),6周末和12周末运动组的选择反应时、FPG、2hPBG、HbA1c、LDL显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:12周运动干预能够在一定程度上改善形态、素质和机能指标,提高机体的有氧代谢能力,其中对改善糖脂代谢的效果较好,能够在一定程度上有效控制FPG、2hPBG、HbA1c水平,提升HDL水平,降低TC、TG和LDL水平,更好地调控血糖。  相似文献   

6.
Background: School physical education (PE) programs provide a prime environment for interventions that attempt to develop school-aged children’s motor competence and overall physical fitness, while also stimulating competence motivation to engage in physical activity during childhood. It is generally recognized that a pedometer-based intervention strategy combined with a goal-setting strategy may be effective in increasing physical activity participation among school-aged children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an 8-week pedometer-based goal-setting intervention on children’s motivation in PE, motor competence, and physical activity.

Methods: A pretest–posttest comparison group design was used with the 8-week intervention (3 days/week for 24 sessions). Participants were 273 (boys?=?136, girls?=?137) students recruited from 3 elementary schools in the US. Classes in each school were randomly allocated to three experimental conditions: (1) an intervention group with a personalized pedometer weekly target to reach in their PE class (N?=?110), (2) an intervention group with the fixed pedometer target range to reach in each PE class based on the recommended criteria (N?=?90), or (3) a control group without intervention (N?=?73).

Analysis/results: The factorial repeated measures MANOVA indicated significant multivariate effects for the group [F(6, 528)?=?12.954, p?Post hoc analyzes showed that both experimental groups had significantly higher expectancy-value beliefs, motor competence, and physical activity compared to the control group (p?Conclusions: Health practitioners should be aware that goal-directed action can contribute to school students’ PE-related achievement motivation, motor competence, and achieving the recommended 60?min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.  相似文献   

7.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an extra-curricular school sport programme to promote physical activity among adolescents. One hundred and sixteen students (mean age 14.2 years, s = 0.5) were assigned to an intervention (n = 50) or comparison group (n = 66). The 8-week intervention involved structured exercise activities and information sessions. Four days of pedometer monitoring and time spent in non-organized physical activity and sedentary behaviours were measured at baseline and post-test. At baseline, participants were classified using steps per day as low-active (girls <11,000, boys <13,000) or active (girls > or = 11,000, boys > or = 13,000) and the effects of the intervention were assessed using these subgroups. Adolescents in the intervention group classified as low-active at baseline increased their step counts across the 8-week intervention (baseline: 7716 steps/day, s = 1751; post-test: 10,301 steps/day, s = 4410; P < 0.05) and accumulated significantly more steps (P < 0.05) than their peers in the comparison group (baseline: 8414 steps/day, s = 2460; post-test: 8248 steps/day, s = 3674; P = 0.879). The results of the present study provide further evidence that physical activity monitoring using pedometers is an effective strategy for increasing activity among low-active adolescents.  相似文献   

8.
This study evaluated whether exposing junior netball players to greater amounts of competition relevant activity (playing form activity) had an effect on game play outcomes and session involvement. A group-randomised controlled trial in one junior netball club in the Hunter Region, NSW, Australia. Ninety female athletes (mean age = 9.04 years, SD 1.53) were randomised by team (n = 11) into the intervention (n = 41) or 9-week wait-list control (n = 49) condition. The Professional Learning for Understanding Games Education into Sport (PLUNGE into Sport) programme was undertaken in the first half of nine training sessions (9 × 30 min). The intervention exposed athletes to playing form activity through a coach development programme within training sessions. Athletes’ decision-making, support and skill outcomes during a small-sided invasion game, and session involvement (pedometer step/min), were measured at baseline and 9-week follow-up. Linear mixed models revealed significant group-by-time intervention effects (P < 0.05) for decision-making (d = 0.4) and support (d = 0.5) during game play, and in-session activity (d = 1.2). An intervention exposing athletes to greater levels of playing form activity, delivered via a coach education programme, was efficacious in improving athlete decision-making and support skills in game play and increasing athlete involvement during sessions.  相似文献   

9.
Sedentary women (n = 92) classified as low (L), medium (M), and high (H) in baseline step counts and assigned to 10,000-step goal (TSG) and personal step goal (PSG) groups (within levels) were compared on goal attainment and step counts. A significant interaction for goal attainment, F(2, 86) = 4.51, p = .014, indicated that the L group was significantly less likely to meet the TSG than the M and H groups. Step counts increased after goal assignment, but not more for one group than the other. Results of this research support the previous finding that women with low baseline step counts are unlikely to meet a TSG, but a TSG does not result in lower step counts than a PSG.  相似文献   

10.
The influence of a 12-week-proprioceptive training on functional ankle stability was investigated in young speed skaters. Twenty-eight speed skaters were randomly divided into an intervention (n = 14) and into a control group (n = 14). A 15-min circle training was performed 5 times per week over a 12-week period. Measurements were taken prior to the training, after 6 and 12 weeks of training. Kinaesthesia was evaluated with the Isomed2000 in all movements of the ankle joint. Dynamic balance was tested with the Biodex Stability System at the stable level 8 and at the unstable level 2, measuring the overall stability index, the anterior/posterior and the medial/lateral scores. Static single-leg stance was evaluated using the Kistler force platform. Kinaesthesia of the intervention group improved significantly for plantarflexion of the right foot (P = 0.001) after 12 weeks. Dynamic balance showed significant differences in the intervention group after 12 weeks in comparison with the first measurement for each foot in the overall stability index, the anterior/posterior and the medial/lateral scores (P ≤ 0.017, respectively) at the unstable level 2. Functional ankle stability improved in terms of dynamic balance after 12 weeks of proprioceptive training. Therefore, inclusion of proprioceptive exercises in the daily training programme is recommended for young speed skaters.  相似文献   

11.
The prevalence of hypokinetic disease among persons of Middle Eastern heritage is higher than whites and research on American young adults of this population is limited. Therefore 214 tertiary students of Middle Eastern descent self-reported their physical activity (PA) over a 1-week monitoring period using pedometers and daily activity logs. Daily step count averaged 9,256 (SD = 3,084) steps, while daily energy expenditure averaged 6.26 kcal/kg (SD = 4.92). Most participants reported no weekly engagement in sport (69.2%) and walk/run (52.8%) activities, and at least once-weekly engagement in conditioning (68.7%) activities. Moderately religious and highly acculturated men, and Muslims, and moderately/highly acculturated persons were more likely to average ≥ = 10,000 steps/day and engage in at least one sport activity per week, respectively. These findings may be related to religious and cultural issues unique to Middle Eastern American college students whose collectivist social affiliations with family and community members may facilitate or inhibit various aspects of PA behavior.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 15-week aerobic activity program on the total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels of 25 high school students, ages 14–17 years (experimental group = 14, control group = 11). Participants in the activity program exercised 4 days per week in a specially designed physical education class, while the control group participated in the regular physical education program. Results of the analysis of covariance found significant reductions in TC in the training group (control group Adj M = 190.2 mg/dl, experimental group Adj M = 173.1 mg/dl, p > .05), but no significant changes in HDL-C (control group Adj M = 49.8 mg/dl, experimental group Adj M = 50 mg/dl). While the exercise program appeared to have a beneficial effect on TC in 12 of 14 participants (86%), HDL-C also dropped in 12 of 14 participants (86%).  相似文献   

13.
Motion sensor reactivity in physically active young adults   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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14.
The effects of self-monitoring and reinforcement on exercise adherence   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
Two behavioral techniques were assessed to determine their effects on subjects' adherence to unsupervised exercise. The subjects were 35 moderately fit persons who had just completed an adult fitness program (AF group) and 42 sedentary individuals who were recruited through the campus newspaper (NEWS group). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (a) self-monitoring, (b) reinforcement supplied by another person, or (c) control. All subjects were given instructions on how to exercise and asked to exercise on their own for 18 weeks. Self-monitoring subjects kept written records of their exercise behavior, while reinforcement subjects verbally reported their exercise behavior to another person who periodically administered rewards. Pre- and posttreatment tests on the NEWS group revealed no significant treatment or interaction effects. However, the reinforcement group had an 11% improvement in predicted max VO2 and a 9 bpm improvement in exercise heart rate compared to 7.8%, 5 bpm for the self-monitoring (SM) group and 5.3%, 6 bpm for the control group. T-tests indicated that reward and SM groups improved significantly on these variables, whereas the control group did not. SM (M = 2.07) and reinforcement (M = 2.29) groups reported a significantly higher frequency of exercise per week than the control (M = 1.36) group. The AF subjects were able to maintain their fitness level (with the exception of a small increase in body fat) over the 18-week period. The behavioral interventions had little differential effect on adherence by AF subjects who were already regular exercisers.  相似文献   

15.
PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a 17-week, 3-component lifestyle intervention for enhancing health behaviors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsA parallel-group (intervention and control) study was conducted amongst 79 airline pilots over a 17-week period during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention group (n = 38) received a personalized sleep, dietary, and physical activity (PA) program. The control group (n = 41) received no intervention. Outcome measures for sleep, fruit and vegetable intake, PA, and subjective health were measured though an online survey before and after the 17-week period. The changes in outcome measures were used to determine the efficacy of the intervention.ResultsSignificant main effects for time × group were found for International Physical Activity Questionnaire-walk (p = 0.02) and for all other outcome measures (p < 0.01). The intervention group significantly improved in sleep duration (p < 0.01; d = 1.35), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (p < 0.01; d = 1.14), moderate-to-vigorous PA (p < 0.01; d = 1.44), fruit and vegetable intake (p < 0.01; d = 2.09), Short Form 12v2 physical score (p < 0.01; d = 1.52), and Short Form 12v2 mental score (p < 0.01; d = 2.09). The control group showed significant negative change for sleep duration, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, and Short Form 12v2 mental score (p < 0.01).ConclusionResults provide preliminary evidence that a 3-component healthy sleep, eating, and PA intervention elicit improvements in health behaviors and perceived subjective health in pilots and may improve quality of life during an unprecedented global pandemic.  相似文献   

16.
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17.
不同运动方式对绝经后女性IL-6、TNF-α和hs-CRP的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
目的比较12周有氧运动或抗阻训练对绝经后女性白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)影响的差异,为制定特异性的运动处方提供依据。方法将符合标准的受试者随机分为有氧运动组(18人),抗阻训练组(17人)和对照组(20人)。有氧运动组和抗阻训练组进行每周3次、共12周的运动干预,对照组保持日常生活习惯不变。实验前后分别测定血清IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP等指标。结果 12周运动干预后,有氧运动组血清IL-6较运动前下降了13%(P<0.01),血清TNF-α(P>0.05)和hs-CRP(P>0.05)无显著性变化;抗阻训练组血清IL-6较运动前无显著性变化(P>0.05),但血清TNF-α和hs-CRP分别下降了11%(P<0.05)和26%(P<0.05)。对照组所有指标的变化不明显。相关分析显示,实验前hs-CRP基础值与BMI(r=0.36,P<0.01)、空腹血糖(r=0.23,P<0.05)和IL-6(r=0.22,P<0.01)正相关,与VO2max(r=-0.29,P<0.05)负相关;实验后hs-CRP的变化值与BMI的变化值(r=0.21,P<0.05)正相关。结论 绝经妇女慢性全身性炎症状态与其BMI、血糖水平和体内炎症因子的水平有关;12周有氧运动或抗阻训练均能有效改善绝经后女性慢性全身性炎症状态,但抗阻训练的效果优于有氧运动,其原因与BMI的改善有关。  相似文献   

18.
The aims of this study were to: (1) determine whether the number of pedometer counts recorded by adolescents differs according to the adiposity of the participant or location on the body; (2) assess the accuracy and reliability of pedometers during field activity; and (3) set adolescent pedometer-based physical activity targets. Seventy-eight 11- to 15-year-old Boy Scouts completed three types of activity: walking, fast walking and running. Each type was performed twice. Participants wore three pedometers and one activity monitor during all activities. Participants were divided into groups of normal weight (BMI < 85th percentile) and at risk of being overweight (BMI > or = 85th percentile). Intra-class correlations across the three activities indicated reliability (r = 0.51 - 0.92, P < 0.001). This conclusion was supported by narrow limits of agreement that were within a pre-set range that was practically meaningful. Multivariate analysis of covariance indicated adiposity group differences, but this difference was a function of the increased stature among the larger participants (P < 0.001). Ordinary least-squares regression models and multi-level regression models showed positive associations between the number of pedometer and activity monitor counts recorded by the three groups of participants during all activities (all P < 0.001). The mean number of counts recorded for all participants during the fast walk was 127 counts per minute. In conclusion, the pedometers provided an accurate assessment of adolescent physical activity, and a conservative estimate of 8000 pedometer counts in 60 min is equivalent to 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity.  相似文献   

19.
A group of healthy older adults completed an 8-week resistance-training program. For 38 participants (14 men, 24 women; ages 60-90 years; M mass = 73.2 kg, SD = 12.3; M height = 1.65 m, SD = 0.08), pre- and postprogram sit-to-stand performance was analyzed (60 Hz video) focusing on center of mass kinematics surrounding transition. Significant changes were attributed to improved strength. Peak forward, downward, and upward velocities increased (16, 59, and 26%, respectively), and relative transition time was delayed 27%. These behaviors were more similar to those of healthy younger adults. Results also indicated strategy changes. Participants exploited their improved strength, forming a distinctive movement pattern emphasizing stability followed by a brisk rise. These adaptations represent meaningfully improved function in an important daily living activity.  相似文献   

20.
We analyzed the effect of an 8-week strength training (ST) program on the rate of force development (RFD) and electromyographic activity (EMG) in older women. Seventeen women (M age = 63.4 years, SD = 4.9) without previous ST experience were randomly assigned to either a control (n=7) or training (n=10) group. A leg-press isometric test was used for assessment. ST (three sessions/ week, three sets of 10-12 repetition maximum, five different exercises) induced significant increases (p < .05) on peak RPD (48.4%) and on RFD) and EMG of vastus medialis at time intervals of 0-50, 0-100, 0-150, and 0-200 ms (41.1-69.2% and 43.8-64.3%, respectively). Therefore, ST resulted in favorable changes in neuromuscular responses in older women.  相似文献   

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