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1.
Stephen C. O’Pry Gary Schumacher 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2012,24(4):325-350
This study was conducted with first-year teachers. It provided insight into two key research questions: (1) What were the perceptions of new teachers regarding a standards-based performance appraisal system as it was implemented on their campus? (2) What factors contributed to the perceptions of new teachers regarding this system as it was implemented on their campus? This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was an online survey consisting of 24 Likert-type, 4-point items designed to elicit responses regarding the individual teachers?? experience with the standards-based evaluation. These survey scores were then totaled and ranked to determine the top and bottom scoring participants. Extreme scoring respondents participated in individual interviews regarding the specific contributing factors behind their perceptions of the evaluation in the second phase. Interview data were then read and phenomena were coded to develop broad themes and subthemes of information that occurred during each interview. These patterns were analyzed to reveal factors that contributed to the negative and positive perceptions. This study found that the value a teacher placed on the evaluation process was influenced by the principal. In addition, teachers who felt well-prepared and well-supported by their peers and their principal viewed the experience positively, and teachers also placed a higher value on the process when they felt they received meaningful and timely feedback and/or were provided opportunity for self-reflection. Finally, this study found that the relationship teachers have with principals is not always a factor in their perception of the standards-based appraisal process. 相似文献
2.
Alan Ping Yan Chow Edwin King Por Wong Alexander Seeshing Yeung Kim Wan Mo 《Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education》2002,16(2):85-101
Teacher appraisal procedures may lead to formative (teacher development and improvement of teaching) and summative (managerial decision) outcomes. Elementary school teachers in Hong Kong (N=527) responded to survey items on formative outcomes, summative outcomes, perceived purposes of appraisal, overall effectiveness of appraisal, and summative purposes such as promotion and dismissal of staff. Principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis yielded the two a priori outcome factors, each of which was significantly correlated with perceived overall effectiveness of appraisal. Analysis of variance found that senior teachers appraised by the school principal (SP) perceived that appraisal had formative purposes and this perception was stronger than for those teachers appraised by senior staff (TS). Teachers in the TS group did not perceive the importance of the promotion purpose as did the other groups. Teachers appraised by the principal (TP) perceived that appraisal had dismissal purposes whereas teachers in the TS group did not. Although the three groups did not differ in their perceptions of formative outcomes, summative outcomes, or overall effectiveness of teacher appraisal, the appraiser-appraisee combination did make a significant difference in teacher perceptions of the purposes and appropriateness of the appraisal. 相似文献
3.
Haydn Mathias 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》1984,9(2):79-96
This paper takes the view that the problems surrounding the evaluation of university teaching have more to do with the values and structures of the university system rather than of arguments as to whether or not teaching can be evaluated. Following an examination of the value, structural and interpersonal context in which university teaching takes place, an innovation persepective is discussed which explains the process of innovation in terms of the characteristics of the host system. This perspective is then used to assess the acceptability of two broad formal approaches to the evaluation of university teaching: one relating to the evaluation of teachers themselves (‘appraisal’) and the other relating to the evaluation of teaching provision (‘validation’). Although this analysis concludes that appraisal accords more closely with the values and structures of the university system, recent events indicate that universities are having to consider validation as a consquence of earlier failures to evolve mechanisms for the evaluation of teaching more in keeping with their own values. 相似文献
4.
Providing Time for School‐Based Curriculum Development 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Tony Evans Head of English 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(2):109-116
This paper reports the evaluation of teacher appraisal in schools within one local education authority. The study is based on interviews conducted with 40 teachers during the period November 1993 to March 1994. These interviews paint a positive picture of teacher appraisal. The overwhelming majority of the teachers interviewed felt they had been well trained to take part in the appraisal process, and that their experience of appraisal had been positive and valuable. In general, their comments indicated that they were well satisfied with the processes and procedures that took place regarding the conduct of appraisal. At the same time, several teachers did remark on the time‐consuming nature of appraisal, and wondered whether the benefits of appraisal justified the costs involved. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Vocational Education & Training》2012,64(2):205-213
Abstract This paper examines staff appraisal and development in industrial and commercial organizations in the United Kingdom and discusses the extent to which the educational system can learn from them. The appraisal and development programmes in three large organizations in the East Midlands region of England are reviewed and the extent to which the sort of models found in business might be applied to education is considered. It is argued that industrial/commercial models of staff appraisal can be applied effectively in the educational context as long as they are tied in with the staff development process. A tenative list of recommendations felt to be applicable to the introduction of appraisal in education, and particularly further education, is provided. 相似文献
6.
徐海静 《牡丹江教育学院学报》2013,(3):22-24
在系统功能语言学的评价理论框架下,态度系统与人际意义的表达和阐释是密不可分的,评价在人际意义扩展模式中更注重的是语义的东西,但语义的理解又离不开词汇资源,评价研究中的态度系统正是关注一些表达评价的词语。本文以英国著名小说家爱德华.摩根.福斯特的小说《印度之行》为语料,通过评价理论的态度系统解读小说篇章,说明篇章理解需要依靠词汇语境资源,并得出词汇作为衔接手段对小说语篇连贯的表达既是语言层面的也是心理层面的,从而进一步揭示态度系统对小说篇章理解的有效性和意义。 相似文献
7.
This study mapped the development of performance appraisal in UK universities and assessed the initial impact of appraisal in four case study institutions. University staff felt that appraisal has had little impact on their motivation, efficiency and performance. One reason for this may be the ambiguity surrounding the intentions of staff appraisal in universities: it is neither a management tool, nor is it wholly focused on staff development. If appraisal is primarily concerned with assessment, it must be linked to promotion and merit pay awards. The current arrangement of using agreed summaries from the appraisal interviews in promotion procedures is not entirely satisfactory and requires further consideration. If, on the other hand, appraisal is intended for the purposes of staff development, this aim should be explicity stated and backed up with adequate resources and effective procedures designed to ensure that identified training needs are met.While universities have responded to the need to develop appraisal schemes there is very little sense in which appraisal has been given a coherent function in relation to other aspects of management. If appraisal is to promote change in universities, it must be incorporated in university and departmental planning. 相似文献
8.
在现代学校的制度框架下,教师会经常自主的展现超越学校正式的规章制度所要求的行为,这部分虽然没有纳入到学校的考核和奖励体系中,但同样贯彻着学校教育的基本使命。教师的这种组织公民行为包括关心学生生活、自我发展、环境保护等九个方面的内容。教师组织公民行为的研究对于学校管理,特别是学校人力资源管理具有重要的意义。 相似文献
9.
In 2004, the University of Michigan Medical School reduced its gross anatomy curriculum. To determine the effect of this reduction on resident perceptions of their clinical preparedness, we surveyed alumni that included residents from the original and new shortened curricula. A Likert-scale survey was sent to four classes of alumni. Respondents were compared in old curriculum (OC) and new curriculum (NC) groups, surgical specialty (SS) and nonsurgical specialty (NS) groups, and subgroups of SS and NS were compared for differences between OC and NC. Mean response scores were compared using independent samples T-tests. As a single population (n = 110), respondents felt their anatomy education prepared them well for residency, that a more robust anatomy curriculum would be helpful, that dissection was important to their residency preparation, and that a 4th year anatomy elective was effective in expanding their anatomy education and preparing them for residency. No significant difference existed between OC and NC groups, neither as a whole nor as SS and NS subgroups. The SS group felt dissection was more important to their residency preparation than the NS group (P = 0.001) and that a more robust anatomy curriculum would have better prepared them for residency (P = 0.001). Thirty percent of SS respondents who did not take a 4th year elective commented that they wish they had. Fourth year anatomy electives were highly valued by residents, and respondents felt that they should be offered to students as a way of revisiting anatomy following the 1st year of clinical training. 相似文献
10.
Richard James 《高等教育研究与发展》1995,14(2):185-199
The academic award restructuring of 1991 established a trial period for academic staff appraisal for the purposes of staff development. The trend in Australia towards more formal performance management for academics has occurred during a period of substantial change to the structure of higher education and institutional management, and brought debate on whether appraisal, for either summative purposes (where performance assessment is for remuneration or promotion purposes) or formative purposes (where the emphasis is on planning personal development), is appropriate for academic staff. Arguments have been put forward for the benefits of appraisal processes with primarily developmental intent. Thus far there have been reports of the characteristics and processes of appraisal schemes, but less data on outcomes; in particular, little evidence to indicate the extent to which schemes lead to worthwhile staff development. This paper reports selected findings of a study of the evolving appraisal scheme of The University of Melbourne. The study was conducted after the scheme's second year of operation by the Centre for the Study of Higher Education which played an advisory role in an internal review of the scheme. The findings reveal some uncertainty among staff about the intentions of the scheme, and tensions between summative and formative purposes, perhaps not surprising given the contentious issue which staff appraisal has been in higher education. Nevertheless, positive outcomes were identified, but possibly too few to claim that the scheme was fully achieving a developmental objective. These findings raise questions about the effectiveness of academic staff appraisal nationally and suggest that it is time to reconsider the policy linkage between appraisal and staff development. 相似文献
11.
目前高校学历教育考试已暴露出诸多弊端 ,其原因主要是 :教育思想、教育观念陈旧 ,质量管理体系没有适应新的人才观的要求 ,教学管理存在缺陷。为了改变这种情况 ,必须做到 :( 1 )更新教育思想 ,树立现代考试观和人才质量观 ;( 2 )改革考试制度 ;( 3)建立合理的教育质量评价体系 ;( 4 )认真做好考后质量分析 ,改进教育工作。 相似文献
12.
13.
This study focuses on the role of formal continuing education in helping persons prepare for retirement. The subjects were 206 classified, university employees between the ages of 50 and 65. The Retirement Preparation Indexes were used to measure behavior, information, and attitude toward retirement. Using the analysis of variance (a = .05), participants in formal continuing education (N = 46) scored significantly higher on the indexes community activity behavior, health care issues, psychological adjustment information, preretirement zest attitude, total behavior, total information, and the complete retirement preparation index. Preretirees involved in lifelong learning were found to be more concerned about their own development regardless of age and more aware of the options available to them upon retirement. 相似文献
14.
Allan Osborne 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(2):213-225
Twenty six primary school headteachers in the Midlands of England were interviewed about headteacher appraisal at a point when all of them had been appraised at least once and when in most cases they had been involved in the appraisal of other heads. One set of questions related to the benefits heads perceived that they had received from the headteacher appraisal process. The majority of heads did perceive such benefits and this article explores the nature of these claimed benefits. They included the opportunity to reflect on one or two longer term developmental issues, as opposed to the normal headteacher routine of crisis management on a number of fronts simultaneously; the chance to have a second opinion on their managerial practice; the feeling that someone was observing their work with care and could give praise when due; the possibility of making comparisons with the practice of other heads. Some heads felt they gained more benefits from being an appraiser of other heads than from being appraised themselves. Some of the arrangements for headteacher appraisal had involved more mutuality than the government had originally envisaged, but it is argued that this may have also brought about some unanticipated benefits. 相似文献
15.
In this paper we discuss the concept of the Learning Society in relation to staff working in the NHS (National Health Service) and taking part in formal courses. We outline the changing context within the NHS and draw on evidence from interviews with 38 participants on two courses. While motives for participation in courses were mixed, many staff felt under some pressure to engage in formal courses and in some cases undertook work‐related training in their own time and at their own expense. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for the development of a Learning Society. 相似文献
16.
Interparental conflict (IPC) is a well-established risk factor across child and adolescent development. This study disentangled situational (within-family) and global (between-family) appraisal processes to better map hypothesized processes to adolescents’ experiences in the family. This 21-day daily dairy study sampled 151 caregivers and their adolescents (61.5% female). Using multilevel mediation analyses indicated that, on days when IPC was elevated, adolescents experienced more threat and self-blame. In turn, when adolescents experienced more threat appraisals, they experienced diminished positive well-being; whereas days when adolescents felt more self-blame, they experienced increased negative mood and diminished positive well-being. Statistically significant indirect effects were found for threat as a mediator of IPC and positive outcomes. Daily blame appraisals mediated IPC and adolescent angry mood. 相似文献
17.
Portfolio appraisal: In search of criteria 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Two inherently contradictory forces are pushing for reform in portfolio assessment. On the one hand there is a felt need for creating more rigid standards that operate to promote uniformity of ratings in appraisal practice to certify achievement. However, on the other hand, critical questions are being raised about separating acclaimed portfolio goals aimed both at appraising achievement while also improving quality of student learning and development. The position of portfolio assessment, which is widely used nowadays in teaching and teacher education, comes into debate. In our study, we look for actual practices in portfolio appraisal in search of criteria used for rating the quality of portfolio materials. It is our interest to find out how appraisal criteria are selected and used to evaluate achievement or to improve the quality of development and learning. In the context of teacher education, we have examined both the espoused criteria of both assessors and collectors of portfolios as well as the actual appraisal practices by looking at the judgmental orientations and supervision styles used by portfolio assessors. In addition, we offered an authentic portfolio document to be rated by different assessors to gauge and compare their quality of rating and criteria use. The actual processes we detected point to a most common practice of employing judgmental, usually normative evaluations based on assessor dependent, more or less pre-decided criteria which permit a “checkbox” approach to appraisal. 相似文献
18.
Thinking about the future because of the past: young children's knowledge about the causes of worry and preventative decisions 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Lagattuta KH 《Child development》2007,78(5):1492-1509
Two studies investigated 3- to 6-year-olds' and adults' (N= 128) knowledge about emotions and behaviors caused by thinking about the future because of the past. Participants listened to stories featuring characters that experienced negative events, and then, many days later, felt worried or changed their behaviors upon seeing an entity associated with the prior harm. Results revealed a significant increase between 3 and 5 years in the frequency that participants explained characters' reactions as caused by anticipating the reoccurrence of a negative past event. Across age, females more often marked future events as uncertain, as well as predicted that people in ambiguous risk situations would feel worried due to past-to-future connections. 相似文献
19.
National Executive Committee 《Learning, Media and Technology》1979,5(3):91-94
The following paper is adapted from the Association's formal response to the DES consultative document on the Warnock Report. The Working Party responsible for the Response's formulation submitted the document to the journal since it was felt that the issues raised were of wide interest and importance. 相似文献
20.
以季戊四醇为原料,经多步合成季戊四胺,然后与2-噻吩醛反应,合成了(N1,N2),(N2,N3),(N1,N3)-三(噻吩亚甲基)-N-(噻吩亚甲基)-季戊四胺。结构经核磁和X-单晶衍射实验证实。结果表明:其晶体结构属六方晶系,空间群P6(5),Z=4,晶胞参数:a=1.8385(6)nm,b=1.8385(6)nm,c=1.3866(8)nm,α=90.00,β=90.00,γ=120.00,V=4.05873 nm3,F(000)=1740.0,Mu=0.39 mm-1,R1=0.0719,Rw=0.214. 相似文献