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1.
Ingrid Moses 《Higher Education》1986,15(6):619-639
This paper discusses the use of organisational theory in a research and development project at the University of Queensland. It focuses on the introduction of a student evaluation of teaching scheme for feedback purpose and for use in annual appraisals, as well as for tenure and promotion decisions. It is a case study of planned change introduced into a traditional university within the framework of the literature on change, university systems and the academic profession. The paper demonstrates that organisational theory helps (a) to clarify the context and the conditions which facilitate introduction of change in a traditional university, and (b) to evaluate strategies to initiate and implement change. When the student evaluation of teaching system was developed and first promoted in Semester 2, 1982, 37 staff members had their teaching evaluated. Since then it has grown to a regular evaluation of teaching in over 300 class sessions, with 150–200 staff members participating each semester, and about 15,000 students returning questionnaires. This makes it a unique scheme in Australian universities. 相似文献
2.
This paper contributes to the growing literature on student loans as a means of financing higher education. The country focus of the paper is the People's Republic of China. Although student loans are very much a capitalist form of financing, the context of this paper is a socialist system. The paper analyses the tensions which confront a loan system in this type of framework, and presents a preliminary evaluation of the loan scheme in China. 相似文献
3.
General conditions which should be met in the development of the idea of science processes and the potential benefits which would result are suggested. An approach to the definition of science processes based on variables and variable handling is outlined. It is argued that this should occur specifically in the context of educational practice. The processes should be elucidated within a taxonomy of tasks, the ultimate components of which should be interpretable and transferable skills. The development and utilization of such a taxonomy can most obviously occur in the context of assessment. The techniques of item banking and domain definition in domain‐referenced tests are then discussed in relation to the above issues. Multi‐dimensional labelling of an item bank is considered to be appropriate, and suggestive of a research programme for investigating the requirements of transferability and interpretability. The labelling scheme resulting from an attempt to identify the significant dimensions of the age 15 Assessment of Performance Unit (APU) science item bank is reported. The paper indicates the effectiveness of the scheme and discusses the value of labelling those items within the assessment programme which draw heavily on the conceptual framework of taught science. A discussion of how the labelling scheme/item bank can be used in an attempt to identify the skills required in undertaking tasks based on science processes, and thus to develop tests of such identifiable skills for diagnostic and placement purposes in schools, concludes this paper. 相似文献
4.
This paper identifies what can be called the ‘paradox of interdisciplinarity’ (Weingart 2000) in Australian higher education research governance and explores some of its constitutive dimensions. In the Australian context, the paradox of interdisciplinarity primarily concerns the proliferation of a programmatic discourse of interdisciplinarity in government reports and government policy and strategy documents, often tied to notions of innovation and applicability, parallel to the persistence or even reinforcement of modes of governance and associated mechanisms that almost exclusively rely on rigid discipline-based classification systems to evaluate and fund research. Two interrelated dimensions of this apparent paradox are discussed. First, the conceptions of knowledge that underpin the use of notions of disciplinarity as well as interdisciplinarity in Australian government reports and policy and strategy papers are analysed. Second, an analysis of the Australian research governance system and its underlying mechanisms is presented, as they pertain to interdisciplinary forms of research. On the basis of these analyses, it is concluded that there is a significant mismatch between the discourse of interdisciplinarity and associated conceptions of knowledge on the one hand, and current, relatively inflexible governmental research funding and evaluation practices on the other. It is finally proposed that the occurrence and perpetuation of such a mismatch in the Australian context can only be understood properly if placed in the context of a more general paradox of research governance, where a politically charged rhetoric of innovation conflicts with the actual trend toward an increasingly diminishing scope for the self-organisation of knowledge. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(3):297-310
The literature on higher education acknowledges the importance of context to the effective completion of research by postgraduate students but overlooks to study the importance of this factor for academics in higher education. The research reported here explores the extent to which academics in higher education sense that their research engages them in a collective effort, as against individualistic effort and the extent to which, in the latter case, they feel isolated. It also explores the extent to which their sense of teamwork or isolation is perceived as impacting on their abilities to perform effectively. The study reports on interviews with fifteen academics in a higher education institution (HEI) in the UK and reveals the widespread sense that, for the most part, research is not conducted in a teamwork setting, leading to feelings of isolation. The paper reveals the extent to which isolation is perceived as impacting negatively on the conduct of knowledge management and suggests that the kind of issues impacting on students appear to pertain also to academics. The article explores ways of overcoming these problems as well as future avenues for research. 相似文献
6.
Abstract This theoretical paper characterizes and explores emergent‐oriented curriculum practice through the experiences of an early childhood education (ECE) prospective teacher, in the context of the U.S., as she co‐constructs the meaning of emergent‐oriented curriculum with culturally diverse pre‐K (4–5‐year‐old) children during her field experience. The paper examines how the prospective teacher understood emergent learning, how she and the children created and shaped their curriculum, and what critical aspects pertain to emergent‐oriented curriculum work from the perspective of developmentally meaningful and culturally responsive practice. 相似文献
7.
AbstractIn this paper we draw on Mettler’s concept of the policyscape and apply it to an examination of policy-making processes and events as they pertain specifically to an analysis of transgender inclusivity and gender diversity in the Ontario context. We employ Ball’s focus on policy as text and policy ensembles alongside Bailey’s employment of policy dispositifs to map key events that characterize important legislative developments that define the Ontario education policy landscape with regards to addressing gender identity and gender expression as a basis for anti-discrimination. We situate particular events such as the GSA (Gay Straight Alliance or Gender and Sexuality Alliance) and sex education controversies within a broader context of trans activism, which we identify as pointing to quite specific contingencies that characterize the Ontario policyscape. Overall, the paper extends a consideration of the specificities of the Ontario case in Canada to a broader reflection on the utility of the policyscape as a crucial concept for making sense of the relevance of more general characteristics of a spatially-focused trans informed policy analysis. 相似文献
8.
Ph.D. research training in Australia only came into existence after World War II. It grew slowly until the late 1950s when The Commonwealth Postgraduate Award (CPRA) Scheme was introduced to promote the development of research training. The scheme has had an extensive impact on research training, supporting over 700 new students a year by 1982. However, no serious evaluation has been made of the Scheme and whether in the changed circumstances of the 1980s it needs to be revised. The present article reports some of the key results of the evaluation that the Commonwealth Department of Education commissioned. This study has shown that the CPRA scheme achieved its original objectives’, to develop postgraduate research schools; to maintain a flow of highly trained personnel to the workforce; and to promote the full intellectual development of the most talented students. But it is now operating in a new context where the conditions of expansion of the 1960s no longer exist and stronger pressures for relevance are being exerted on university research. In short, education policy and research policy have come into conflict, the result of which is new pressures on research education in general and the CPRA scheme in particular. Solutions to this conflict are proposed, involving no radical alterations of the scheme, but the trial introduction of a pluralist approach to postgraduate support which leaves the present scheme intact but meets the new demands the changing context is placing on postgraduate education.
9.
Hanbyul Kim 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(1):45-58
The purpose of this study is to examine how power relations among stakeholders, especially between the human resource development (HRD) practitioners and others, affect evaluation outcomes. Using a qualitative case study design, a managerial leadership development programme in a Korean company is analysed. This study shows that the HRD practitioners’ interests in securing their status within the organization governed shaping the evaluation outcomes. The evaluation report was produced and reported portraying mostly the positive aspects of the programme. However, while going through the evaluation, the HRD practitioners felt constrained, and considered themselves as the powerless in terms of the organizational strategic needs and expectations, both of which pertain to the characteristics of the organizational culture. Instead of attempting to alter the organizational culture, which was unfavourable to HRD functions, they are acquiesced to the culture. 相似文献
10.
针对机床结构件多设计方案优选决策这一包含多层次、多指标,定性和定量因素并存的综合决策问题,提出了利用三标度AHP多层模糊评价法对机床结构件进行优选设计。以龙门机床立柱结构件为研究对象,在综合考虑其材料选用、结构设计及优化的基础上,得到了4种不同的立柱结构件作为备选方案。利用有限元分析软件对备选方案进行了静力学分析、模态分析和热分析,得到了影响立柱综合性能的3大要素14个性能指标作为优选设计的原始数据。建立了机床结构件三标度AHP多层模糊评价模型,代数数据计算求解,定量的找出了最优方案。经课题组人员分析比较并结合专家意见,认为采用三标度AHP多层模糊评价法找出的最优方案符合工程实际,方法有效可行。 相似文献
11.
M.G. Olujide 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(1-4):63-72
Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs) promote alternative development strategies to those provided by the government. The economic recession being witnessed in developing countries like Nigeria and the poor performance of many government development programmes have made NGOs more relevant than ever. NGOs play an increasingly important role in rural development in particular and societal development in general, for which extension education is one of their policy instruments. This paper addresses the issue of self-evaluation among non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The impact of NGOs' interventions shows that there is change in living standards, income generation access to infrastructures and also change in literacy levels. This may have either a positive or negative effect upon the lives of the beneficiaries. In general, self-evaluation is seen to be a non-priority area for three reasons: there is little performance pressure on NGOs, the perspectives available for evaluation do not match the context in which NGOs function and the existing methodologies for evaluation are not appropriate for the evaluation process to become institutionalized within the NGOs. The paper discusses each of these in turn and proposes action to be taken by the NGOs and by those with whom they work, especially the poor donor agencies, etc.. The recommendation, if adopted, should encourage NGOs to engage in more systematic evaluation of their own programmes and, thus, improve their impact and efficiency. 相似文献
12.
Marietta Del Favero 《Research in higher education》2006,47(3):281-315
This study investigates Braxton and Hargens’ (1996, Variations among academic disciplines: Analytical frameworks and research.
Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research. Vol. XI, pp. 1–45) assertion of the profound and extensive effects of academic discipline as it might pertain to administrative
work. Academic deans in research and doctoral institutions nationwide were surveyed to investigate the relationship between
academic discipline and cognitive complexity in their administrative behavior. A bivariate regression showed that being from
an applied field was a significant predictor while the influence of consensus was not significant. Discipline effects waned
when other predictors were added, suggesting that when other factors are considered, the extent to which one is exposed to
their particular disciplinary paradigms becomes more important than mere affiliation with a discipline. Split sample analyses
demonstrated variable influence structures. Findings indicate that the effects of discipline cannot be discounted in framing
studies of administrators’ perceptions of their leadership context and the behavior which necessarily flows from those perceptions. 相似文献
13.
P. M. Ninnes 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(6):677-688
This paper uses a model of Melanesian Solomon Islanders' informal learning system derived from participant observation and interview data to analyse classroom interactions at the senior secondary level. Key learning strategies in the Melanesian informal learning system are observation, imitation, listening, participation and asking. Key contextual elements described pertain to the maintenance of interpersonal relationships, kin‐group and peer‐oriented learning, and epistemology, sociolinguistics and time orientation. This analysis is used to enhance the attainment of classroom goals through the development of a functional learning system for laboratory‐oriented science lessons comprising teaching strategies and classroom management techniques which incorporate particular elements of the Melanesian informal learning system. Evidence is presented supporting the selective use of observation, active imitation, listening and participation in a classroom context which maintains respect between participants and assigns roles to them in ways congruent with Melanesian cultural norms. 相似文献
14.
Maria Assunção Flores 《Teachers and Teaching》2018,24(3):223-245
This paper reports on findings from a broader piece of research aimed at investigating the ways in which head teachers experience a new teacher evaluation policy in Portugal, particularly in regard to the challenges and perceived effects of the policy on school and on teacher development. Data were collected through a questionnaire with open and closed-ended questions. In total, 134 head teachers participated in the study. Findings suggest a number of tensions and problems, most of which are related to the key features of the model of teacher evaluation itself. Others issues pertain to the lack of recognition of the appraisers and to the emergence of tensions amongst staff leading to the deterioration of the school climate. Persisting challenges to policy implementation, perceived effects on teachers and schools as well as the dilemmas of head teachers are analysed. The article concludes with the discussion of ways forward. 相似文献
15.
16.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(2):207-217
This paper describes an evaluation of a joint project in 2001 between Sheffield Hallam University, regional further education (FE) colleges and the Building Pathways team. The project's purpose was to develop clear progression routes into higher education (HE) for FE students studying on Advanced Diploma, Higher National Certificate and Higher National Diploma courses in childcare and education. The work reported here represents the first part of the evaluation and seeks to illuminate some of the key factors involved in translating principles and objectives associated with widening participation into reality. The main aims of this evaluation were to review the process by which a set of widening participation agreements were reached, to identify key factors for success and to ascertain any issues arising from and during the process itself. The evaluation also sought to elicit information from respondents concerning possible future strategies to further develop the agreed progression routes. The second phase of the evaluation (2002–2003) will focus on the student experience and seek to understand factors that enable or hinder the success of those students who take advantage of these routes. The paper is set in the context of national widening participation policy developments since 1997, with FE and university responses to these developments relating to early childhood studies and early years education degrees. The paper discusses factors, identified by participants in the project, that facilitated or hindered attempts to widen and improve access for regional FE students onto the HE early years provision at Sheffield Hallam University. 相似文献
17.
Deanne Boydell 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》1990,15(3):198-209
Teacher education is facing major new challenges. In this context the concept of partnership between LEAs, schools and the training institutions has assumed key importance. This paper outlines an in‐novatory scheme of professional partnership with a BEd primary degree programme. The Westminster Primary Link Schools Scheme is developmental, responsive to the changing nature of education, built upon existing good practice in initial and in‐service education and self‐evaluatory. The evaluation of the first year of the scheme is described. Guiding principles, relevant to the development of partnership schemes, are discussed and issues relevant to evaluations of this type are explored 相似文献
18.
This paper describes the evaluation of an innovative approach to student self‐evaluation which was piloted with PGCE (postgraduate certificate in education) students at the University of Bath. It gives background information on the context of the development of the Record of Student Experience (ROSE) and describes the various models adopted for student use. The ROSE evaluation process and findings are described and a discussion of the central issues concerning this form of self‐evaluation is provided. This paper describes the stages in the development of the ROSE with one group of students and offers some conclusions about the future use of this approach within initial teacher education. 相似文献
19.
1 Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ Ｔｈｅｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｉｎｔｅｇｒａｌｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓａｒｉｓｅｉｎｍａｎｙｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｏｆｐｈｙｓｉｃｓａｎｄｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ .Ｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｉ ｍａｒｙｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌａｎｄｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｉｅｓｏｆｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｉｎｔｅｇｒａｌｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎａｐｐｅａｒｓｔｏｂｅｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔ ｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｓｉｎｇｕｌａｒｋｅｒｎｅｌｓ.Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｔｈｒｅｅｄｉｆｆｅｒ ｅｎｔｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｓｉｎｇｕｌａｒｉｔｉｅｓ… 相似文献
20.
Andreas Breiter 《Education and Information Technologies》2003,8(2):109-125
Experts agree that citizens of the information society will need new and additional skills in the future that are connected with the effective and efficient use of digital media technologies. Today, there is unequal access and use of those technologies, which is described as the 'digital divide'. In a unique project, the State of Bremen (Germany) has created Public Internet Usage Points in 25 schools. These 'Web.Punkte' offer access to computers and Internet for the community and support for external users by students. The project is embedded into a larger context of building a regional infrastructure for lifelong learning. Starting with interpretations of lifelong learning, this paper tries to combine those views with concepts to bridge the digital divide, explaining organizational barriers and success factors. Using formative evaluation, the results of the project will be highlighted and arguments for a regional learning network will be drawn. 相似文献