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1.
This paper describes the incorporation of online psychological consultation regarding child behavior in an early childhood teacher education program. The authors discuss psychological consultation in terms of current theory and philosophy in early childhood teacher education in general, and in terms of the professional objectives of this specific program. The experiences and thinking that eventually resulted in the choice of an online vehicle for the delivery of psychological consultation are also discussed. Specific psychological education objectives addressed through this consultation are illustrated in excerpts from actual interchanges between the consulting clinical psychologist and student teachers. The paper concludes with reactions regarding this seminar addition from supervisors and student teachers.  相似文献   

2.
Direct behavioral consultation is an extension of traditional behavioral consultation and focuses on assessment and training in the classroom during ongoing classroom activities. This study evaluated direct behavioral consultation services in two elementary alternative classrooms referred following a program evaluation in which data suggested behavior‐specific praise was not being delivered at a desired level. A multiple baseline design across classrooms was used to evaluate indirect and direct training procedures for increasing teachers’ implementation of behavior‐specific praise. Results indicated that indirect training did not result in substantial improvements in teachers’ use of behavior‐specific praise. Direct training procedures resulted in immediate increases in behavior‐specific praise for both teachers, but only one teacher maintained those increases immediately following training. For the other teacher, when performance feedback was added to direct training, increases in behavior‐specific praise were maintained. Data are also presented regarding student disruptive behavior. Results are discussed in terms of direct behavioral consultation theory and practice for educational settings.  相似文献   

3.
This paper summarizes a program of research on the behavioral characteristics of children with learning disabilities (LD) compared to average achievers. Longitudinal studies over a 3-year period beginning in the first and second grades showed that children with LD, as a heterogeneous group, displayed a persistent pattern of maladaptive classroom behavior that distinguished them from average achieving peers and that was associated with continued underachievement over time. Subsequently, children with LD in the longitudinal sample were clustered into seven different subtypes that represented attention problems, conduct and classroom management problems, withdrawn-dependent behavior, and normal behavior. Although no differences in achievement were found initially between behavioral subtypes, children in the attention and conduct problem subtypes had poorer academic outcomes 3 years later compared to those in the withdrawn subtype and those who had no significant behavior problems. The collective findings from this research are discussed in terms of the developmental relationship between learning disabilities, attention disorders, and social/emotional problems, and implications are drawn for a greater focus on behavioral interventions in special education and prevention efforts in the early grades.  相似文献   

4.
高职学生面临的学习、工作、家庭、社会等方面的压力日益增多,他们在学习、生活和社会适应等方面遇到越来越多的困难和挫折,导致各种心理问题的出现。分析高职生人际交往问题产生的原因,探索提高人际交往能力的途径,采取有效的手段提高高职生人际交往能力。  相似文献   

5.
后现代心理学思想对传统的高校心理咨询工作来说是一次重大改造。后现代视野下大学生心理咨询工作的核心理念是"以学生为本",主要表现为:关注大学生的"生活世界",促进大学生人际关系的和谐;运用语言技巧,帮助大学生合理表述和重构"自我";平等对话,与大学生共筑"期待型"关系;情感互动,做好心理咨询工作的伦理诉求。大学生心理咨询工作的后现代转向,为高校心理健康教育工作提供了一种新的视角。  相似文献   

6.
This article describes the design and delivery of a program, “Global Business in a Digital World.” The program integrates the use of social media technologies and business applications in a series of courses that include short‐term study abroad components that focus on emerging markets. The objectives are to: (1) provide additional options for study abroad; (2) broaden the scope of the international business program to include more emphasis on emerging markets; (3) provide integration across business and liberal arts; and (4) integrate social media technologies into the study abroad experience. To achieve these objectives, students study business in the host country, interact with local company executives, and experiment with social media and related technologies. A conceptual framework describes the course structure and its relationship with the four categories of social media classified as 4Cs: Communication, Connection, Cooperation, and Collaboration ( Cook, 2008 ; Enterprise 2.0. Burlington, VT: Gower Publishing Limited). Conclusions reveal improved student learning outcomes after exposure to the study abroad, but also suggest the study abroad experience requires specific skill development. A research framework gives direction for future work.  相似文献   

7.
The Student Scientist Partnership introduces students to hands-on, minds-on science and provides them an opportunity to participate in a program that is real and important, and also introduces the student to the rigor of science through the focus on data quality. The student has the opportunity to experience and learn the Scientific Method, not just memorize it, to stimulate creative thinking, inquiry based learning, and many other key components of the educational objectives. The scientist should provide skill appropriate scientific inquiry tools that the student uses to help them improve the quality of their data and to understand the science concept being addressed. By making the measurements suggested, and establishing the quality of their data, the student begins the journey of understanding scientific research. The scientist not only uses the student-generated data in their on-going research activities, but also provides higher level information products back to the student. Ultimately, it must be clearly remembered that there are two important but quite different objectives for both the student and the scientist. For the student, the primary objective is the generation of the knowledge of science, while, for the research scientist, the primary objective is the generation of scientific knowledge.  相似文献   

8.
The objectives of Carnegie's first course for electrical engineering students are the conversion of basic science into "root content" and the development of professional method. Both objectives are met by a program of the solution of a series of professionally difficult but scientifically simple problems, which require both analytical and experimental work. All laboratory work is planned by the student, who takes major responsibility for its conduct and is permitted to make mistakes. Each new problem is used but once. Typical problem solutions require two to three weeks and two to three laboratory periods for completion. Recitation and laboratory work are integrated. Several examples of problems are given, together with typical student plans, student reports, and instructor's comments. General rules for planning such a course are presented. The success of the course and its effect on the rest of the curriculum are discussed.  相似文献   

9.
This article describes a method used to provide mathematics students in colleges of engineering in Japan with supplementary exercises to aid in their learning. The impact of this effort is also described. An online support function enables instructional personnel to individualize the exercise for students whose abilities vary widely. Individualizing exercises helps students to understand a mathematical method used to solve a problem and also the mathematical idea or concept upon which the method is based. The program described here consists of activities that supplement those in the regular lesson. They are designed to help those students who failed to meet certain course objectives or to solve the problems given in the lesson. Students using the individualized program are allowed to select the problems from among the problem exercises available based on the course objectives that they have not yet satisfied. The online support function of the learning environment that the authors developed assists teaching personnel in the otherwise time-consuming preparation of individualizing these activities. Students determine how well they did on the objectives in the regular lesson by visting the Web page for the course. Information is provided on the impact of the activities on student performance in a fundamental mathematics course in the authors college.  相似文献   

10.
论挑战性学习目标及其制定策略   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
挑战性学习目标是,每个学生的学习目标都在自己的"最近发展区"内,都是对自己已有水平的挑战与跨越。有效教学与优质教学要求教师在课堂教学中制定出对每个学生都具有挑战性的学习目标。挑战性学习目标的基本制定策略是:在了解学生认知准备水平与学习兴趣的基础上,先多后少,从粗到细,预设、调整与动态生成相结合。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

In this study, we assessed how 34 young adult participants in an environmental education (EE) program from 2011 to 2014 constructed their learning outcomes through interviews and the exploration of autobiographical memory functions (AMFs) regarding program experiences. We articulated a variety of directive, social, and self AMFs, including the achievement of the top five typical objectives of EE, increase in positive social norms through reminiscing and sharing memories, and attainment of diverse personal growth. We also constructed the relationship of these outcomes with the ultimate objective of EE. This method can presumably be used to emergently construct outcomes for evaluating emancipatory EE programs, which are on the request of tackling wicked environmental problems.  相似文献   

12.
简短疗法是社会建构主义心理学的意识观在成人咨询与治疗领域的具体实践之一,它是一种以寻找解决问题的方法为核心的心理咨询与治疗技术。简短疗法从理论上消解病理心理的本体论地位,重新诠释了心理咨询与治疗过程,并提出重建成人来访者和治疗师的关系,提倡让成人来访者运用自己的能力及经验来改变自身的意识经验,达到问题的解决。  相似文献   

13.
A two-phase parent consultation intervention was used to treat a noncompliant 14-year-old girl. Phase I was a management training program modeled after the Forehand and McMahon program for conduct disordered children. Phase 2 was a communication and problem-solving skills training program that incorporated procedures prescribed by Foster and Robin. Case progress was monitored using a parent's daily log of the child's behavior, direct observations of the family meetings, and a measure of the family issues that were resolved. After consultation, the child was meeting an average of 86% of the parents' objectives, family members were making fewer derogatory comments and more comments indicating effective listening during family meetings, and both the parents and the child agreed that important issues had been resolved. The case serves as an example of the application of case study strategies within a behavioral technology training approach to consultation services.  相似文献   

14.
The authors present a rationale for incorporating service‐learning projects into courses that teach family systems theory. A model program is presented to provide an example of the objectives, practical considerations, and student responses to such a project. Recommendations for counselor educators are made based on experience with the model program and student feedback.  相似文献   

15.
A set of behavioral objectives was developed for the consultant role of the school psychologist, based on Meyers' consultation model. A Likert-type questionnaire was developed to assess the degree to which teachers and school psychologists agreed upon the desirability and the actual accomplishment of these objectives. Based on a sample of 120 teachers and 83 school psychologists, it was found that both groups perceived a difference between the “desired” role and the role that school psychologists actually fulfill. However, there were also significant differences between teachers' and school psychologists' rating of the “actual” role, the school psychologists' rating agreeing more with the consultation model. Examination of individual items showed greater acceptance of objectives relating to Meyers' level of indirect service to the child, and less acceptance of Meyers' levels of direct service to the teacher and service to the school system.  相似文献   

16.
转型期我国大学生事务管理中紧迫问题调查研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
随着我国社会经济的转型,高等教育的大众化发展,大学生事务管理问题日益凸现。本研究在查阅国内外大量相关文献的基础上,结合访谈法,设计并修订"转型期我国大学生事务管理中的紧迫问题调查问卷",并采用该问卷对来自全国各地的50名学生事务管理者、学生事务工作者和大学生进行了调查研究。研究结果表明:"就业指导"、"心理咨询"、"思想政治工作"、"学术指导"、"理论基础"和"专业队伍建设"这六个问题是当前我国大学生事务管理中存在的紧迫问题。  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the relationship between pupil achievement of specified objectives and the opportunity to learn them. Opportunity to learn was measured by four counts of substantive teacher statements and teacher-pupil interchanges, these same counts given as percent of total interaction, a count of problems attempted per pupil, and a teacher rating of content emphasis. Twenty-three teachers taught a probability unit containing eighteen objectives to twenty-six classes. They gave a pretest, taught for three class periods, and gave a posttest. The design for the analysis was a two-way nested analysis of covariance. In general, the contention that a student’s achievement of an objective is related to the opportunity to learn the objective was supported. Other areas relating to achievement were teacher perception of emphasis, student work, and teacher information.  相似文献   

18.
For 3years, I have been teaching neuroscience courses by using computer conferencing to complement the traditional lectures. Typically, the conferencing involved local, on‐campus students, although one semester the class was combined from on‐campus and off‐campus students. For most of my 33‐year teaching career, I had used the teaching approach that most professors use, which is what educational theorists call “instructivist.” Critics call that “stand and deliver.” Lecturing is an efficient way to dispense organized information, but it does not ensure learning nor is it very effective in showing students how to learn on their own.

Instructivism can be enriched by complementing it with “constructivist” approaches. Constructivists argue that there is a direct relationship between the amount of learning that occurs and the extent to which the environment provides a rich source of engaging experiences in which students construct their own knowledge and understanding. I have found that such an environment is readily provided by computer conferencing.

In my teaching of neuroscience, I have used a network software system (FORUM) for small student groups to conduct a variety of constructivist learning activities. Within weekly deadlines, students worked in groups at their own pace and time of convenience. My impression of the advantages of such conferencing for constructivist activities include the promotion of socialization in “cyberspace,” providing an environment for team learning, the reduction of social problems in face‐to‐face instruction, increased teaching and learning efficiency, more comprehensive means for assessing student learning, and improved quality of student work.  相似文献   

19.
This article describes a national teaching project which set out to address the problem of high student attrition and failure in a first-year introductory chemistry topic, through the introduction of a student-focused learning-to-learn program presented in context and which uses authentic course materials. The program focused on developing students' understanding of the learning process and of their own learning, both in general and in chemistry in particular. As part of the project the student approach to learning was evaluated and monitored by use of the Biggs study process questionnaire (SPQ). Results indicate that students who participated in the program were less inclined to engage only in surface learning activities, achieved better assessment outcomes and persisted with their studies. The 1997 class as a whole showed an overall increase in pass rate and a decline in attrition rate compared to the 1996 cohort. SPQ scale scores were generally not powerful predictors of academic success but positive correlation was observed with the deep approach and achieving approach scales for the third SPQ trial period.  相似文献   

20.
Instruction is defined as a process for controlling student behavior so as to insure student learning, rather than as a process for merely presenting information to students to learn in whatever way they can. Learning, in turn, is defined in terms of behavioral associationism. Thus, the problem of specifying an instructional program so as to lead to effective control of student learning as directly as possible is largely a problem of adequately describing the behaviors required of the student at specified points in the instructional program. The main body of the paper is concerned with the general application of these basic definitions to the problems of: 1) Identifying what it is that is to be learned, 2) Sequencing the order in which instructional materials are to be presented, 3) Designing instructional situations for accomplishing the desired learning. Evaluation is defined as consisting of two major aspects: 1) Evaluation of the effectiveness of the instruction for inculcating students with the behaviors selected for them to learn, 2) Evaluation of the effectiveness of the behaviors selected for the student to learn for producing adequate job performance.  相似文献   

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