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作为为广大处于金字塔底层的低收入群体提供机会来平等参与市场并获取收益的新的思路、模式与方法,包容性创新需要在国家层面制定明确的政策与执行计划。为此,首先阐述包容性创新的内涵及其制约因素,进而归纳了中国、印度与巴西等主要发展中国家的包容性创新政策现状,在此基础上构建出更为系统完整的包容性创新政策体系,旨在既能激励企业与科研院所等外部主体针对低收入群体进行创新,又能支持低收入群体自身参与创新和享受创新成果。 相似文献
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基于北京市创新创业政策梳理与企业调研,建立包括技术引进与知识扩散、研究开发、生产制造、新产品市场、人才运营资金、服务环境七个一级政策要素21个子要素的创新创业政策要素体系,并构建政策供需匹配模型。从企业视角,对北京市创新创业的政策匹配情况进行实证。结果显示:北京市创新创业政策的制定充分考虑各类企业的特点,立足于培养企业的长期创新能力;国企、民营企业、成熟期企业、大中型企业的各类政策匹配较高,而小微企业、初创期企业及成长期企业的匹配度较低。研究指出,提高政策匹配度的最佳途径不仅是侧重加大支持力度,更应该从积极拓宽政策宣传与辅导渠道、促进科技成果委托合作、提升项目执行辅助监管等方面入手。 相似文献
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Jan Fagerberg 《Research Policy》2018,47(9):1568-1576
The topics addressed in this paper concern the (much-needed) transition to sustainability and what role (innovation) policy can play in speeding up such changes. In their Discussion Paper Schot and Steinmueller (2018) argue that the existing theorizing and knowledge bases within the field of innovation studies are “unfit” for this task and that a totally new approach is required. This paper takes issue with this claim. Policy advice, it is argued, needs to be anchored in the accumulated research on the issue at hand, in this case, innovation. The paper therefore starts by distilling some important insights on innovation from the accumulated research on this topic and, with this in mind, considers various policy approaches that have been suggested for influencing innovation and sustainability transitions. Finally, the lessons for the development and implementation of transformative innovation policy are considered. It is concluded that the existing theorizing and knowledge base in innovation studies may be of great relevance when designing policies for dealing with climate change and sustainability transitions. 相似文献
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The recent policy debates about orientating research, technology and innovation policy towards societal challenges, rather than economic growth objectives only, call for new lines of argumentation to systematically legitimize policy interventions. While the multi-level perspective on long-term transitions has attracted quite some interest over the past years as a framework for dealing with long-term processes of transformative change, but the innovation systems approach is still the dominant perspective for devising innovation policy. Innovation systems approaches stress the importance of improving innovation capabilities of firms and the institutional settings to support them, but they are less suited for dealing with the strategic challenges of transforming systems of innovation, production and consumption, and thus with long-term challenges such as climate change or resource depletion. It is therefore suggested to consider insights from transition studies more prominently in a policy framework that is based on the innovation systems approach and the associated notion of ‘failures’. We propose a comprehensive framework that allows legitimizing and devising policies for transformative change that draws on a combination of market failures, structural system failures and transformational system failures. 相似文献
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本文以企业数字化转型为背景,以世界银行中国制造企业微观调查数据为研究样本,探究转型中国家政策不确定性对企业创新数字化的作用机制。研究结果表明：政策不确定性促进企业创新链数字化。机制检验结果表明双元创新行为（探索式与利用式）在政策不确定性与企业创新数字化之间产生部分中介作用,且边界机制检验结果表明市场非正规竞争与企业寻租会抑制政策不确定性与企业创新数字化的正向关系。经济后果检验结果表明政策不确定性通过强化创新数字化最终促进了企业创新绩效。本研究为转型中国家审视创新数字化的驱动机理提供了新的微观证据,为企业以及政府推动创新数字化提供管理与政策启示。 相似文献
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我国科技创新政策体系建设主要进展及对政策方向的思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
当前,新一轮科技革命和产业变革同我国发展方式转变历史性交汇,国内外经济环境发生深刻变化,面向跻身创新型国家前列和世界科技强国的战略目标,亟需完善我国科技创新政策体系,提升国家创新体系效能,支撑现代化经济体系建设和高质量发展。本文对改革开放以来我国科技体制改革发展历程进行了概要回顾,提出科技创新政策体系的八部分构成,总结了我国科技创新政策在强化要素、加强主体、完善机制、培育产业、集聚区域、优化环境、扩大开放等方面取得的进展和成效,并立足国家战略发展需求和国内外科技创新发展趋势,提出未来一段时期我国完善科技创新政策体系的思考和建议,包括加强基础研究和原始创新、改进评价制度、完善科研人员激励政策、提升科技治理能力、推动高水平开放创新、营造公平竞争的创新环境等。 相似文献
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Demand is a major potential source of innovation, yet the critical role of demand as a key driver of innovation has still to be recognised in government policy. This article discusses public procurement as one of the key elements of a demand-oriented innovation policy. The paper starts by signaling the new significance of public procurement for innovation policy strategies at the EU level and in a range of European countries. It then defines the concept of public procurement and embeds this concept within a taxonomy of innovation policies. The rationales and justifications of public procurement policies to spur innovation are discussed, followed by a consideration of the challenges and potential pitfalls as well as appropriate institutional arrangements and strategies, including some recent empirical examples of good practice. It concludes by confronting the public procurement approach with two of the most common objections to it and by considering future prospects. 相似文献
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The main goal of this paper is to analyse the single and joint impact of regulation policies and research network policies on environmental innovation. Our theoretical framework combines the open eco-innovation mode approach with the Porter Hypothesis, by adapting them to the knowledge production function where green patents are the dependent variable. We focus on the factors that influence the production of green patents as a proxy of new “environmental” knowledge for a panel of European countries over time. We find that both marked-based regulation policies and participation in green European research networks (in particular with universities and public research centres) positively affect environmental innovation. Moreover, the two policy tools have a complementary effect. This suggests that the effectiveness of environmental regulation policies can be increased by combining them with appropriate innovation policies. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(7):104818
Transformative innovation policies can provide systemic solutions to socio-environmental challenges because of their “experimental”, “reflexive” and “inclusive” character. We contend that social enterprises can act as catalysts for transformative innovation for the geographically and socially marginalized. Thus, including social enterprises in transformative innovation policies can mitigate the negative effects of innovation-based growth, making policies more socially and geographically inclusive. Following a syncretic approach to the literatures on transformative innovation policies and social entrepreneurship, this paper identifies the key dimensions of social enterprises' transformative innovation potential: directionality (i.e., social goals as the purpose of innovation); social and geographical inclusiveness (i.e., the inclusion of marginalized areas and individuals in the provision of goods or services); reflexivity (in terms of participatory governance and monitoring the achievement of goals); and experimental character (in terms of establishing partnerships with heterogeneous actors). We then assess this capacity through an exploratory cluster analysis of Italian social enterprises. We identify three distinct groups that suggest a range of entrepreneurial approaches from largely transformative to not at all. The transformative innovation readiness of social enterprises has implications for policymakers seeking to undertake pilot schemes and implement actions that support an appropriately transformative innovation ecosystem. 相似文献
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基于2008—2017年中国A股制造业上市公司数据以及企业所在城市地方政府工作报告的文本分析,考察普惠化制度安排和选择性直接支持对企业研发绩效的影响及其异质性创新治理效应。研究发现：（1）与选择性直接支持相比,普惠化制度安排能够更精准地促进企业高质量研发产出,且其创新促进作用更持久;（2）政府参与创新的两种方式对企业高质量研发产出存在协同促进作用;（3）普惠化制度安排能够缓解不完善的市场化环境对企业研发活动的负面影响,而选择性直接支持的创新促进作用在较高的市场化水平下才能充分实现;（4）普惠化制度安排对不同生命周期企业的研发绩效均有显著促进作用,而选择性直接支持的政策效果在成长期企业中更显著。政府应在进一步优化现有选择性、差异化直接支持政策的同时,更加注重通过功能性、普惠化的制度安排推动国家创新治理体系完善和优化。 相似文献
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尽管国内外学者对国家创新系统、区域创新系统、产业创新系统进行了大量系统的研究,但是缺乏对各创新系统之间关系的研究。如果不理清各创新系统之间关系,就难以深刻、完整地把握创新系统的状态和运行,也难以科学地指导创新政策的制定。回顾了创新系统研究演进,尤其是国家创新系统、区域创新系统和产业创新系统,并探讨了国家创新系统与区域创新系统、产业创新系统之间的关系。创新系统的研究可能沿着两个方向发展:一是构建多层次框架,统领从微观企业到中观产业和区域,再到宏观层面的国家,乃至全球创新要素之间的关系;二是研究某一地理尺度(如国家、区域)上产业创新要素之间的互动关系。 相似文献
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Many years after the introduction of the innovation system concept in innovation policy design, it is still not clear whether innovation policy evaluation practices follow a system approach. Building on evaluation and innovation studies, this article develops the concept ‘system oriented innovation policy evaluation’ based on four attributes (coverage, perspective, temporality and expertise). The attributes are used as analytical devices for gathering extensive empirical evidence on the actual practices of EU28 member states. The findings show that few countries have developed a type of innovation policy evaluation that is system oriented. The advent of a system approach to innovation policy evaluation offers the opportunity of comprehensive, contextualized and evidence-based innovation policy-making. However, there are still serious obstacles as such an approach requires important knowledge and organisational capacities. Overcoming these obstacles would need more decided evaluation capacity-building at the national level. 相似文献
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《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2022,6(1):35-52
This paper aims to synthesize previous user innovation policy proposals into an adapted system of innovation framework, on which a future holistic user innovation policy for the household sector can be based. We do this in three steps. First, we introduce the systems of innovation framework as a comprehensive basis for a holistic approach to innovation policy. Second, we identify and review policy proposals made by user innovation researchers and categorize them according to ten key activities in the systems of innovation framework. Third, from a system of innovation perspective, we synthesize the policy proposals identified into an adapted framework, including determinants specific to user innovation in the household sector. The synthesized proposals are intended to strengthen the systemic and multi-causal effects of policy on household sector user innovation in a country, region, or sector. Future policies for user innovation may, on this basis, be instrumental in avoiding mono-causality, or the concentration on only a few policy instruments in a proposed policy. 相似文献
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基于微观层面创新创业政策实施实际与预期差异分析,运用区位理论、相似性理论,拓展政策偏移深度与广度内涵,构建政策供需偏移测评机制与模型。以角度离差表征偏移广度、以相对距离表征偏移深度构建政策偏移指数,并以偏移指数与偏移环境的二维向量测度政策供需偏移度,进一步借鉴皮尔逊相关性检验思想提出政策供需偏移程度判别准则,辅以数理实证该模型满足政策供需实际偏移的相关特性。在此基础上对政策文本进行梳理与量化分析,提出包括资金、人才、研发、服务、生产制造、新产品及技术引进与扩散在内的创新创业二级政策要素体系并实证。研究指出政策供需偏移测评模型可有效进行政策要素深度量化与对比剖析,助于从顶层设计视角提升政策调节精准度。实证显示,整体上北京市各类科技企业在创新创业中的政策需求大于供给,且具有极强的技术与新产品市场政策扶持需求,尤其小微、民营、合资及外企对各要素类创新创业政策的供需差异较大,而已有资金、研发及人才类政策较好匹配各类科技企业的政策需求。综合实际,衍生发展模式、科技工业园区模式及集群式发展模式成为北京市科技企业加强新产品市场拓展、技术引进与知识扩散的可行路径;借助企业上云,共建各类资源交互平台,对于提升政策信息共享、辅导与监管水平具有深远意义。 相似文献
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本文利用2011—2018年沪深两市A股上市公司的数据,将其与北京大学数字普惠金融指数及地级市城市特征数据匹配,并采用双向固定效应模型与工具变量法基于金融错配视角实证检验数字普惠金融对企业创新的影响以及其内在机制。结果表明,数字普惠金融的发展显著地促进企业创新,且此结论在考虑内生性问题及稳健性检验后依然成立。进一步地,机制检验发现,数字普惠金融能够显著缓解企业金融错配程度,进而对企业创新产生显著的促进效应,且金融错配在数字普惠金融三个子维度影响企业创新的过程中也均起到中介作用。最后,异质性分析表明,在国有企业以及中西部地区企业,数字普惠金融通过缓解金融错配来推动企业创新的效应更为显著。总体而言,本文结论表明,数字普惠金融发展有利于缓解金融资源错配问题,对于提升企业自主创新水平具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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Markus Grillitsch Teis Hansen Lars Coenen Johan Miörner Jerker Moodysson 《Research Policy》2019,48(4):1048-1061
The orientation towards grand societal challenges can be seen as a new wave or paradigm for innovation policy. Such policy aims at system-wide transformation and is often referred to as system innovation policy. While insights from transition studies have provided novel and useful rationales for innovation policy targeting system-wide transformation, it remains unclear how to design, implement and evaluate such policies. The contribution of this paper is to translate and concretize the challenges of system innovation policy towards scope for policy action and analysis. Building on insights from transition studies we group the challenges into four domains: directionality, experimentation, demand articulation, and policy coordination and learning. We relate challenges within the four domains to three generic features of innovation systems: interests and capabilities of actors, networks, and institutions. The derived framework is applied in a case study on the strategic innovation programmes, a recent policy initiative by Vinnova, Sweden’s Innovation Agency, targeting system innovation. 相似文献
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任务导向型创新政策:框架理论与实践 《科学学研究》2023,41(1):30-37
任务导向型创新政策是为应对重大社会挑战而兴起的新政策范式，已成为许多国家解决“急、难、险、重”等科学问题的系统性政策干预方案。文章围绕任务导向型创新政策的概念内涵、要素构成、主要特征、理论解释与政策实践等不同维度展开全面分析。研究表明，任务导向型创新政策主要由政策目标、政策主体、政策工具和政策过程等要素构成，并具有方向引导、市场创建、协同参与和动态评估等特征。转型失灵理论为任务导向型创新政策干预创新活动的合法性提供了理论解释。现有任务导向型创新政策实践主要聚焦于保障国防安全、实现产业追赶和应对重大社会挑战三个方面。研究可为中国制定和实施任务导向型创新政策提供理论支撑和经验借鉴。 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):3-20
Innovation is by definition a complex process, but policies geared towards stimulating innovation have tended to focus too narrowly on the production of new knowledge—on the funding and performance of research and development. Successful innovation is a matter of the identification, application and diffusion of knowledge—of creativity. It is therefore not simply a function of gross investments in science nor is it a function of the new production of knowledge. Innovation becomes more than a matter of ‘science policy’ and increasingly a matter to be integrated into trade, investment, monetary, industrial, labor, tax and competition policies. Yet this is extremely problematic for governments interested in creating a ‘knowledge‐based economy’. The integration of innovation into the core raison d'?tre of traditional policy is key. 相似文献