共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 217 毫秒
1.
维吾尔语发展性阅读障碍儿童语音意识特点 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过比较四年级的维吾尔语发展性阅读障碍儿童和普通儿童在不同表征水平上的语音意识能力,发现在有关语音意识若干因素的测验上,阅读障碍儿童只是在音位意识上比普通儿童落后;而在其它更大表征单元的语音意识能力上,如音节意识和首音-韵脚意识上阅读障碍儿童没有落后.表明具有透明正字法的维吾尔语发展性阅读障碍儿童在细小的语音表征和操作能力上存在落后,表现出了跨文字一致性特点;在较大单元的语音表征和操作能力上不存在落后,表现出了透明文字的特点. 相似文献
2.
发展性阅读障碍作为一类原因不明的先天性学习失能,现已成为制约许多学龄儿童正常学习的普遍现象,越来越受到众多研究者的关注.由于语言的书写阅读形式的差异,最早在拼音语言环境下被证实存在的发展性阅读障碍是否存在于汉语环境中,一度成为争议的焦点,本文介绍并总结了发展性阅读障碍在不同语言环境下的相关研究情况. 相似文献
3.
发展性阅读障碍亚类型的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
发展性阅读障碍是关系人类健康和发展的重要课题。多年来研究者试图寻找这个群体中发生困难的真正原因,希望从根本上解决阅读落后问题和消除阅读障碍。但是研究者发现阅读障碍群体内部具有很大的变异性。文章在简介了当今具有代表性的两种流派对阅读障碍原因的解释和相应的研究证据后,着重阐述了阅读障碍的亚类型的发展历史、研究者对亚类型的划分以及不同亚类型在语言技能上、一般感知能力和生理机制方面的差异,并且阐述了亚类型研究对阅读障碍早期预测的作用,为根本消除阅读障碍提供了新的视角。 相似文献
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汉语发展性阅读障碍迄今还没有一套标准的、为国际学术界广泛认可的评估方法,这极大地影响了汉语发展性阅读障碍的理论研究与实践应用。通过对当前使用中的汉语发展性阅读障碍的评估方法进行梳理与分析,并在理解发展性阅读障碍一般定义的基础上,结合汉语认知的特异性,提出了“汉语发展性阅读障碍的诊断测试应包括单词解码能力测试和词义通达能力测试”的建议。 相似文献
5.
研究表明拼音文字系统的发展性阅读障碍者与以中文为代表的表意文字系统的发展性阅读障碍者在阅读过程中大脑的激活部位存在差异。关于母语阅读障碍儿童对第二语言学习的影响是近年来发展性阅读障碍研究的热点。双语发展性阅读障碍的理论假设主要有两种语言相互依赖假设和正字法依赖假设。前者认为母语的阅读障碍可以自动迁移到第二语言的学习中;后者认为母语的阅读障碍是否会迁移到第二语言的学习中,要依赖两种语言的正字法特征。我们认为这两种理论不是相互矛盾的,阅读障碍是否会同时出现在两种语言中可能取决于这两种语言是否共用了相同的有缺陷的神经系统。 相似文献
6.
《兰州教育学院学报》2020,(2):85-87
为考察小学四年级维吾尔文阅读障碍儿童检出率及其阅读发展落后程度,用"智力-成就差异"模式从1223名小学四年级维吾尔族儿童中筛选出156名阅读障碍儿童,从中选取144名阅读障碍儿童并将其阅读成绩与小学二年级儿童进行对比研究。结果发现,阅读成绩低于同年级平均成绩1个和1. 5个标准差在两种不同诊断标准下,阅读障碍检出率为3. 00%和9. 65%;小学四年级阅读障碍儿童的阅读成绩显著低于二年级学生平均阅读水平(P <0.001)。这表明,属于透明文字的维吾尔文小学四年级阅读障碍儿童检出率具有跨文字的一致性,其阅读发展水平停留在学习字词解码阶段。 相似文献
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发展性阅读障碍是阅读障碍的亚类型。目前,关于发展性阅读障碍主要有语音缺陷理论、大细胞缺陷理论和小脑缺陷理论三种理论分析。随着认知神经科学的发展,研究者们采用各种手段对这三种理论进行了一系列研究,深化了对发展性阅读障碍的认识。 相似文献
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目前国内发展性阅读障碍研究取得较大进展,本文从筛选标准、亚类型鉴定、认知缺陷、认知神经机制、教育干预五个方面对发展性阅读障碍文献进行了分析,建议今后从拓展研究领域、加强诊断标准的规范化、增强跨文化比较研究和完善实验操作四个方面来进一步加强对发展性阅读障碍的研究。 相似文献
11.
In this paper, I present a theoretical overview at the cognitive level of the role of phonological awareness in reading development
and developmental dyslexia across languages. My assumption is that the primary deficit in developmental dyslexia in all languages
lies in representing speech sounds: a deficit in “phonological representation.” I will argue that this deficit manifests in
somewhat different ways, depending on orthography. I will also argue that the phonological deficit in dyslexia is initially
at the syllable and onset-rime levels of phonological awareness, with the development of “phonemic” awareness being a consequence
rather than a precursor of reading. Finally, I will suggest that some of the processes underpinning language acquisition are
disrupted in dyslexia, in particular, the detection of rhythm in speech. 相似文献
12.
Gad Elbeheri John Everatt Gavin Reid Haya al Mannai 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2006,6(3):143-152
Despite advancements in empirical studies of developmental dyslexia, progress on methods of dyslexia assessment have been hampered by ongoing debate concerning diverse issues such as the role and validity of IQ in the assessment process, labelling and definitions ( Miles, 1994 ; Stanovich, 1991, 1992 ). With the emergence of cross-linguistic studies of dyslexia came the realisation that the manifestation of dyslexia is different in different languages ( Goulandris, 2003 ; Smythe, Everatt & Salter, 2004 ). It follows that the assessment of dyslexia should consider specific linguistic features of the language spoken by the individual to be assessed. This paper argues for the need of culture-fair assessment and calls for considerations to be given when assessing monolingual Arabic-speaking individuals with dyslexia which would take into account the specific linguistic feature of the Arabic language. 相似文献
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发展性阅读障碍一直是心理学家关注的重要领域。国外研究者基于认知和生物因素提出了关于发展性阅读障碍的语音缺陷、小脑缺陷、一般性大细胞功能障碍等理论,并考察了患者的眼动特征,提出了有效的诊治方法。汉语发展性阅读障碍研究主要局限在语音和正字法领域,也涉及局部脑区的功能缺陷,但还未从多角度测查其成因,如眼动。该文在理论梳理的基础上,系统探讨了发展性阅读障碍患者的眼动特征及机制。 相似文献
15.
Paz Suárez-Coalla Nerea Villanueva Soledad González-Pumariega María González-Nosti 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2016,39(2):275-311
In addition to reading difficulties, a significant proportion of developmental dyslexics have spelling problems, which persist into adulthood. Studies carried out in languages with opaque orthographies have found that dyslexics frequently make phonological substitutions when spelling and have difficulties in developing orthographic representations of irregular words. Those errors seem to derive from an excessive use of phonological codes when writing. Minimal research in Spanish (relatively transparent orthography) about the relationship between dyslexia and spelling difficulties has been carried out to date. In this study, 19 Spanish-speaking developmental dyslexics (from 7 to 11 years old) and 28 controls (from 6 to 11 years old, distributed in two groups, one matched for age and the other for reading level with the dyslexics) performed a dictation task of 80 stimuli with different levels of orthographic consistency, in order to discover the codes they use in the writing process. Results showed that Spanish children with dyslexia made significantly more spelling errors, especially among the ruled and irregular words. These findings are consistent with the idea that these children have difficulties in developing orthographic representations and use phonological codes more frequently than non-dyslexics, resulting in phonologically plausible errors when writing irregular words. These results have important implications for the treatment of spelling difficulties in children with dyslexia, highlighting the need to focus on the correct acquisition of grapheme-phoneme conversion rules as well as the development of appropriate orthographic representations. 相似文献
16.
Liliane Sprenger-Charolles Linda S. Siegel Juan E. Jiménez Johannes C. Ziegler 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(6):498-521
The influence of orthographic transparency on the prevalence of dyslexia subtypes was examined in a review of multiple-case studies conducted in languages differing in orthographic depth (English, French, and Spanish). Cross-language differences are found in the proportion of dissociated profiles as a function of the dependent variables (speed or accuracy), the classification method (classical vs. regression-based methods), and the control sample (chronological age vs. reading level controls). The classical method results in a majority of mixed profiles, whereas the regression-based method results in a majority of dissociated profiles. However, the regression-based method appears to result in less reliable subtypes within and between languages. Finally, reading-level comparisons revealed that the phonological subtype reflects a deviant developmental trajectory across all languages, whereas the surface subtype corresponds to a delayed developmental trajectory. The results also indicate that reading speed should be considered to correctly classify dyslexics into subtypes, at least in transparent orthographies. 相似文献
17.
Elisabeth S. Pasquini Kathleen H. Corriveau Usha Goswami 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(3):259-286
Studies of basic (nonspeech) auditory processing in adults thought to have developmental dyslexia have yielded a variety of data. Yet there has been little consensus regarding the explanatory value of auditory processing in accounting for reading difficulties. Recently, however, a number of studies of basic auditory processing in children with developmental dyslexia have suggested that a reduced ability to discriminate the rate of change in amplitude envelope onsets (rise time) may be linked to phonological processing difficulties and thereby to reading difficulties. Here, we select a range of different rise-time tasks used with children, and give them to adults with developmental dyslexia, along with 2 other auditory tasks (intensity discrimination and temporal order judgment). Deficits in both rise-time perception and temporal order judgment were found to predict literacy attainment in adults with developmental dyslexia, but the data were suggestive of different causal pathways. 相似文献
18.
Methods for identifying dyslexia in adults vary widely between studies. Researchers have to decide how many tests to use, which tests are considered to be the most reliable, and how to determine cut-off scores. The aim of this study was to develop an objective and powerful method for diagnosing dyslexia. We took various methodological measures, most of which are new compared to previous methods. We used a large sample of Dutch first-year psychology students, we considered several options for exclusion and inclusion criteria, we collected as many cognitive tests as possible, we used six independent sources of biographical information for a criterion of dyslexia, we compared the predictive power of discriminant analyses and logistic regression analyses, we used both sum scores and item scores as predictor variables, we used self-report questions as predictor variables, and we retested the reliability of predictions with repeated prediction analyses using an adjusted criterion. We were able to identify 74 dyslexic and 369 non-dyslexic students. For 37 students, various predictions were too inconsistent for a final classification. The most reliable predictions were acquired with item scores and self-report questions. The main conclusion is that it is possible to identify dyslexia with a high reliability, although the exact nature of dyslexia is still unknown. We therefore believe that this study yielded valuable information for future methods of identifying dyslexia in Dutch as well as in other languages, and that this would be beneficial for comparing studies across countries. 相似文献
19.
Across languages, children with developmental dyslexia are known to have impaired lexical phonological representations. Here,
we explore associations between learning new phonological representations, phonological awareness, and sensitivity to amplitude
envelope onsets (rise time). We show that individual differences in learning novel phonological representations are related
to individual differences in both rise time categorization and rise time discrimination when non-verbal IQ and short-term
memory skills are controlled. This is consistent with the developmental claim that difficulties in the basic auditory processing
of rise time cause difficulties in setting up the phonological lexicon from infancy, leading to impairments in phonological
awareness. 相似文献