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1.
冰壶高水平竞技比赛具有应激性特征,冰壶运动员比赛所采取的应对策略,是其参赛能力的重要标志和其竞技能力的重要组成部分。分析了冰壶运动员比赛压力特征及成因,探讨了冰壶运动员应对方式的影响因素和获得途径,指出冰壶运动员应对策略是冰壶运动员心理素质的重要表现。从树立信心,采取积极的应对方式;建立认知对策库,提高冰壶运动员比赛认知能力和快速适应比赛的能力;制定冰壶运动员个性化的应对训练程序,实施个性化的应对训练方案,评价应对效果等方面,阐述了冰壶运动员的比赛应对策略,旨在促进冰壶运动员最佳竞技状态的形成,指导冰壶运动训练和比赛。 相似文献
2.
对武术套路运动员6周比赛应对策略积极心理学干预进行试验研究,旨在提高运动员的竞技心理能力;促进积极心理学在运动训练竞赛中的应用.研究结果显示,相对于控制组而言,干预组运动员经过6周积极心理干预后,比赛临场预备时的应对策略中"比赛准备"的句子比例显著高于控制组;干预组前测与后测对比:竞赛策略量表中的"自我谈话"策略和"自动化"策略的得分显著提高,控制组没有显著性变化;干预组运动员比赛成绩平均总分显著高于控制组.对运动员比赛应对策略的积极心理干预可以启发运动员建立比赛行为程序,有效调节心态,稳定发挥运动技术水平;人格特征和认知的积极干预启发运动员认识自己,明确目标;面对问题积极评价,积极应对. 相似文献
3.
影响香港运动员在重大国际比赛中运动表现的因素研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用问卷调查方法对影响香港运动员在第14届亚运会与第28届奥运会比赛中运动表现的因素进行调查。被试为50名参加这两次比赛的香港运动员。研究表明，在亚运会与奥运会比赛前90天内，共有18条因素对运动员的比赛运动表现有影响，其中，12条对运动员奥运会比赛中的运动表现有强烈影响，8条对运动员亚运会比赛中的运动表现有强烈影响;在亚运会与奥运会比赛期间，共66条因素对运动员比赛中的运动表现有影响，其中，36条对运动员奥运会上的运动表现有强烈影响，23条对运动员亚运会上的运动表现有强烈影响，这66条因素主要可以概括为与比赛直接相关的因素、教练员、团体、传媒、社会支持、代表团职员、环境、时间、交通、天气、比赛用具和观众12个大类因素。 相似文献
4.
采用描述性统计分析、多因素方差分析等方法对我国篮球运动员比赛应对方式在性别、年龄、运动等级等方面的差异进行了考察。结果表明:男运动员比女运动员更多地使用发泄应对,女运动员比男运动员更多地使用逃避应对;成年运动员比青年运动员更多地使用认知重构应对和情绪应对;运动等级较高的运动员在认知重构策略水平上高于运动等级相对较低的运动员;年龄和运动等级共同影响运动员认知重构因子。 相似文献
5.
竞技武术套路运动对运动员的技能表现要求较高,比赛结果既与运动员的临场发挥有关、也与自身状态、比赛场地、裁判打分等众多因素有关,不同的因素会对运动员的比赛成绩造成不同的影响。本文通过问卷调查、文献法等研究了影响竞技武术运动员比赛成绩的因素,并提出了提高运动员武术套路运动员比赛成绩的策略,以期为竞技武术套路成绩的提高提供些许建议。 相似文献
6.
冯燕 《山东体育学院学报》2007,23(6):72-75
采用运动自信量表、自我评价问卷和比赛应对策略问卷,对参加第十届全运会决赛的62名运动员进行研究,旨在为优秀运动员赛前心理准备提供参考依据,为教练员科学调控运动员竞技状态提供心理依据。研究结果显示,赛前特质运动自信全运会前8名运动员得分显著高于未取得成绩的运动员,技能类运动员得分显著高于体能类运动员。特质运动自信与比赛成绩中度相关,统计学检验有较高显著性。自我评价与特质运动自信中度相关,统计学检验有较高显著性。比赛应对策略前8名运动员显著高于未取得成绩运动员,技能类运动员显著高于体能类运动员。比赛应对策略与比赛成绩相关分析,统计学检验有较高显著性。赛前运动自信、自我评价和比赛应对策略没有运动技术等级的差异;赛前运动自信没有性别差异,自我评价没有性别和项目类别差异。 相似文献
7.
运用质性研究法,分析、归纳羽毛球运动员比赛压力源和应对策略,为高水平羽毛球运动员的比赛情绪管理提供研究依据.以14名中国羽毛球队运动员的比赛总结为研究资料,通过码号登录、开放编码和主轴编码,分别得到赛前压力源与应对策略、临场压力源与应对策略的一级与二级编码主题.主题分析的结果表明,运动员的赛前压力来自于比赛结果期望和自我状态、能力感之间的心理差异,趋近应对和回避应对是赛前应对的2个策略;运动员的临场压力来自对每一球的直接结果期望和阻碍期望实现的压力反应与逆境挑战的心理冲突,应对临场压力的主要策略是战术应用、临场变化和争取暂停. 相似文献
8.
王海青 《山东体育学院学报》2010,26(1)
本研究旨在考察运动员在比赛中如何综合使用各种应对策略,检验在不同的应对策略层面上,运动员对实现目标的感知、情绪状态以及体验到的控制是否存在差异.从200名运动员中随机选取151人,完成一系列相关测试,对所得数据进行聚类分析.结果表明,运动员在比赛中所使用的应对策略可以分为四类.在对运动员自我设定的目标加以限定后,他们的控制体验、积极的情绪状态以及愤怒与沮丧的状态在四个应对策略层面上存在显著性差异(P＜0.008).综合运用高水平任务型应对策略和低水平放弃型应对策略的运动员,要比综合运用高水平放弃型应对策略和低水平任务型应对策略的运动员能够取得更好的成绩,具备更好的心理调节能力. 相似文献
9.
运动员应激应对策略探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用文献研究法对应激、应对有关理论在体育领域内的应用研究进行了综述，旨在为以后的研究提供有益的参考。研究认为：专门针对运动员的应激、应对测量工具还有待进一步开发与完善；运动员较为突出的应激源为人际关系、运动受伤和比赛失利；情境因素对应激应对策略的影响还有待研究；积极的应对方式与运动员的焦虑呈正相关，消极的应对方式与焦虑呈负相关，但在某些应激情境下，逃避行为对降低焦虑程度有积极的短期效用；未来的研究趋势包括应激、应对测量工具的开发和认知评价的干预研究及应激应对策略的研究。 相似文献
10.
紧张水平是影响摔跤运动员竞技表现非常重要的心理因素,有关紧张水平如何影响运动员比赛发挥这一问题的讨论已有很多。本研究通过分析摔跤运动员过度紧张的成因、探讨过度紧张对摔跤运动员比赛发挥的影响,从而寻找摔跤运动员应对过度紧张的方法。 相似文献
11.
Luis Calmeiro Gershon Tenenbaum David William Eccles 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(19):1813-1820
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare moment-to-moment appraisals and coping strategies of 4 non-elite and 2 elite male trap shooters during competitions and in particular during periods of competition perceived as critical to performance. Appraisals and coping patterns of trap shooters were captured via verbal reports of thinking provided between sets of shots during major competitions. Verbal reports were coded according to an appraisal and coping typology. Coded data as well as shooting performance data were subjected to a sequential analysis of probabilities of pairs of events. Fewer reports of negative appraisals (NEGAs) and more frequent reports of problem-focused coping (PFC) were observed among both elite athletes compared to non-elite athletes. After making a NEGA, non-elite shooters often progressed to the next target without attempting to cope, whereas elite shooters used both PFC and emotion-focused coping (EFC) before proceeding to the next target. After missing a target, the non-elite athletes used more EFC than expected. These results indicate that elite athletes are more likely to cope with NEGAs than non-elite athletes using a wider variety of coping strategies. Athletes might benefit from increased awareness of the potentially detrimental impact of NEGAs on performance and by integrating coping strategies within preparatory routines. 相似文献
12.
Bahadorreza Ofoghi John Zeleznikow Clare Macmahon Jan Rehula 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(7):607-612
Performance in triathlon is dependent upon factors that include somatotype, physiological capacity, technical proficiency and race strategy. Given the multidisciplinary nature of triathlon and the interaction between each of the three race components, the identification of target split times that can be used to inform the design of training plans and race pacing strategies is a complex task. The present study uses machine learning techniques to analyse a large database of performances in Olympic distance triathlons (2008–2012). The analysis reveals patterns of performance in five components of triathlon (three race “legs” and two transitions) and the complex relationships between performance in each component and overall performance in a race. The results provide three perspectives on the relationship between performance in each component of triathlon and the final placing in a race. These perspectives allow the identification of target split times that are required to achieve a certain final place in a race and the opportunity to make evidence-based decisions about race tactics in order to optimise performance. 相似文献
13.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):243-253
Abstract The aim of the present study was to supplement previous work that identified the stressors experienced by coaches and examine the coping strategies that elite-level coaches employ to overcome stressors. Three elite coaches were interviewed and were required to identify three prominent stressors that they had experienced before discussing how they attempted to cope with them. The selected stressors included both performance and organizational types, and the associated coping attempts included strategies conforming to problem-, emotion-, avoidance-, appraisal-, and approach-focused dimensions. While specific forms of coping were identified, findings also highlighted that coping strategies were employed across performance and organizational stressors, rather than being employed for one or the other. Implications for future research opportunities within the area are presented. 相似文献
14.
追求"最佳"还是强调"应对"——对理想竞技表现的重新定义及心理训练范式变革 总被引：24，自引：6，他引：18
从应用运动心理学的角度提出对理想竞技表现（peak performance）新的定义，即理想竞技表现是指在竞赛中时各种逆境的成功应时。从该定义出发，构建了运动员的逆境应对训练模式，这一训练模式由4个阶段组成，即确认或预见典型逆境；找出合适的应时逆境方法；实施个人化的训练；评价训练效果。新定义及其训练模式直接植根于竞技运动实践，并以实例为依据。 相似文献
15.
我国足球场观众言语攻击现象探析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文在阐述我国足球场观众言语攻击现象的基础上,从心理学、语言学和社会学等方面分析并提出导致这一社会问题的成因:(1)我国足球场的环境因素:榜样性启动、社会控制软弱;(2)我国足球观众自身的因素:认知偏向、社交技能贫乏;(3)言语攻击行为变量———情绪及其外化。为遏制我国足球场观众言语攻击和提高足球场看台观众文明水平,本研究提出了我国足球场观众言语攻击的应对策略:(1)预防策略:行为强化、社会控制;(2)中断策略:现场监控、指导性控制、立即处理、避免无效措施。 相似文献
16.
Coping strategies are important for performance in sport and individual differences may contribute to the coping strategies adopted by athletes. In this study, we explored the main and interactive effects of the big five personality dimensions on sport-related coping and compared personality profiles of discrete groups of athletes. Altogether, 253 athletes (mean age 21.1 years, s=3.7) completed the NEO-FFI (Costa & McCrae, 1992), and the Coping Function Questionnaire for Sport (Kowalski & Crocker, 2001). Results showed that extraverted athletes, who were also emotionally stable and open to new experiences (a three-way interaction effect), reported a greater use of problem-focused coping strategies. Conscientious athletes (main effect), and athletes displaying high levels of extraversion, openness, and agreeableness (a three-way interaction effect), reported a greater use of emotion-focused coping strategies, and athletes with low levels of openness, or high levels of neuroticism (main effects), reported a greater use of avoidance coping strategies. Different personality characteristics were observed between higher-level and lower-level athletes, between men and women athletes, and between individual and team sport athletes. These findings suggest that the five-factor model of personality can help distinguish various levels of athletic involvement and can help identify the coping strategies athletes are likely to adopt during participation. 相似文献
17.
The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of appraisal, coping, and coping effectiveness in sport. Ten players from a collegiate female volleyball team were interviewed on two occasions, first in the week before a provincial final playoff tournament and in the week following the tournament. Data were transcribed verbatim and subjected to content and idiographic analyses. Athletes generally did not predict or anticipate the stressors they actually experienced during the tournament. Subjective appraisals of effective coping were associated with consistency between proactive and actual coping attempts. Reported effective coping was associated with the attainment of personal performance goals and use of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional coping strategies in the absence of behavioral avoidance. Reported ineffective and partially effective coping was associated with not attaining personal performance goals, and the use of cognitive coping strategies with behavioral avoidance. Finally, older, more experienced athletes reported they coped better than younger, less experienced athletes during the tournament. 相似文献
18.
Samantha Louise Moss Ben Francis Giovanna Calogiuri Jamie Highton 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):793-801
This study describes pacing strategies adopted in an 86-km mass-participation cross-country marathon mountain bike race (the ‘Birkebeinerrittet’). Absolute (km·h?1) and relative speed (% average race speed) and speed coefficient of variation (%CV) in five race sections (15.1, 31.4, 52.3, 74.4 and 100% of total distance) were calculated for 8182 participants. Data were grouped and analysed according to race performance, age, sex and race experience. The highest average speed was observed in males (21.8?±?3.7?km/h), 16–24?yr olds (23.0?±?4.8?km/h) and those that had previously completed >4 Birkebeinerrittet races (22.5?±?3.4?km/h). Independent of these factors, the fastest performers exhibited faster speeds across all race sections, whilst their relative speed was higher in early and late climbing sections (Cohen's d?=?0.45–1.15) and slower in the final descending race section (d?=?0.64–0.98). Similar trends were observed in the quicker age, sex and race experience groups, who tended to have a higher average speed in earlier race sections and a lower average speed during the final race section compared to slower groups. In all comparisons, faster groups also had a lower %CV for speed than slower groups (fastest %CV?=?24.02%, slowest %CV?=?32.03%), indicating a lower variation in speed across the race. Pacing in a cross-country mountain bike marathon is related to performance, age, sex and race experience. Better performance appears to be associated with higher relative speed during climbing sections, resulting in a more consistent overall race speed. 相似文献
19.
In this holistic review of cycling science, the objectives are: (1) to identify the various human and environmental factors that influence cycling power output and velocity; (2) to discuss, with the aid of a schematic model, the often complex interrelationships between these factors; and (3) to suggest future directions for research to help clarify how cycling performance can be optimized, given different race disciplines, environments and riders. Most successful cyclists, irrespective of the race discipline, have a high maximal aerobic power output measured from an incremental test, and an ability to work at relatively high power outputs for long periods. The relationship between these characteristics and inherent physiological factors such as muscle capilliarization and muscle fibre type is complicated by inter-individual differences in selecting cadence for different race conditions. More research is needed on high-class professional riders, since they probably represent the pinnacle of natural selection for, and physiological adaptation to, endurance exercise. Recent advances in mathematical modelling and bicycle-mounted strain gauges, which can measure power directly in races, are starting to help unravel the interrelationships between the various resistive forces on the bicycle (e.g. air and rolling resistance, gravity). Interventions on rider position to optimize aerodynamics should also consider the impact on power output of the rider. All-terrain bicycle (ATB) racing is a neglected discipline in terms of the characterization of power outputs in race conditions and the modelling of the effects of the different design of bicycle frame and components on the magnitude of resistive forces. A direct application of mathematical models of cycling velocity has been in identifying optimal pacing strategies for different race conditions. Such data should, nevertheless, be considered alongside physiological optimization of power output in a race. An even distribution of power output is both physiologically and biophysically optimal for longer ( > 4 km) time-trials held in conditions of unvarying wind and gradient. For shorter races (e.g. a 1 km time-trial), an 'all out' effort from the start is advised to 'save' time during the initial phase that contributes most to total race time and to optimize the contribution of kinetic energy to race velocity. From a biophysical standpoint, the optimum pacing strategy for road time-trials may involve increasing power in headwinds and uphill sections and decreasing power in tailwinds and when travelling downhill. More research, using models and direct power measurement, is needed to elucidate fully how much such a pacing strategy might save time in a real race and how much a variable power output can be tolerated by a rider. The cyclist's diet is a multifactorial issue in itself and many researchers have tried to examine aspects of cycling nutrition (e.g. timing, amount, composition) in isolation. Only recently have researchers attempted to analyse interrelationships between dietary factors (e.g. the link between pre-race and in-race dietary effects on performance). The thermal environment is a mediating factor in choice of diet, since there may be competing interests of replacing lost fluid and depleted glycogen during and after a race. Given the prevalence of stage racing in professional cycling, more research into the influence of nutrition on repeated bouts of exercise performance and training is required. 相似文献