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李海生 《广东教育学院学报》2005,25(3):74-76
通过水培方法,就环境中不同铜离子水平下茶苗对铜的吸收与累积进行了研究.结果表明:茶苗根、茎中铜含量均随着铜处理浓度的增加而明显增加,而叶中含量影响不大.各处理下铜在茶苗各部位含铜量大小依次为根>茎>叶.从整株植物来看,随着铜处理浓度的增加,铜在根部的积累量增加,在茎和叶的积累量趋于下降.适量的铜有助于茶苗根、茎、叶对磷的吸收,但超过一定限度,则茶苗含磷量下降. 相似文献
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以盆栽辣椒为试验材料,用不同浓度的外源Cd处理土壤,观察记录辣椒的生长变化同时监测辣椒根、茎、叶、果实对Cd的累积吸收量;通过线性方程确定安全种植辣椒的Cd污染土壤的阈值.结果表明,随着土壤中添加的外源Cd量的增加,辣椒的长势明显变差,产量均小于对照,辣椒的根、叶、果实对Cd的吸收随着外源Cd量的增大而呈上升趋势,Cd在根内的积累大于在茎、叶、果实中的积累.当外源Cd质量浓度达到1.0 mg· kg^-1时,辣椒中的Cd含量可达到0.069 mg·kg^-1,超出GB2762-2005食品中污染物限量.该论文的工作为建立更加完善的绿色辣椒生产提供参考. 相似文献
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通过实验方法测定了土壤Pb含量对栀子幼苗生长量和生理特性的影响,以及栀子幼苗对土壤Pb吸收富集特征.结果表明,随土壤Pb含量升高,栀子幼苗生物量、株高、叶绿素和可溶性糖含量降低;SOD、POD、CAT活性和MDA含量随土壤Pb含量的升高而升高.统计分析表明,各实验组间存在显著差异,当土壤Pb含量高于1045mg/kg,差异达极显著水平,栀子幼苗生物量与幼苗生理指标存在显著相关性;栀子幼苗根、茎、叶中对Pb的富集随土壤Pb含量升高而增加,栀子根是土壤Pb最主要的吸收部位.土壤Pb含量在1045 mg/kg以下,栀子幼苗能够正常生长生存;当土壤Pb含量高于1045mg/kg,栀子幼苗自身调节抵抗能力降低,其生理反应和生长均受到抑制. 相似文献
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对铜陵杨山冲铜尾矿废弃地和同区农田系统、安徽大学校园、合肥旱地四种生境中的中华结缕草和白茅的根、茎、叶器官中氮(N)、磷(P)浓度进行测定分析.结果表明:中华结缕草和白茅这两种植物的根、茎、叶中氮和磷的含量存在显著差异性(P＜0.05),植物体内养分的浓度在物种之间有较大的差异.四种生境下两种植物体内氮和磷浓度均表现为叶＞茎＞根.两种植物各器官中磷的含量均低于氮的含量.铜尾矿中中华结缕草和白茅各器官内氮磷含量均低于其它三种生境,其中叶片的差异最少,表明它们已适应尾矿废弃地极端的营养贫瘠环境,以较小的养分要求完成了自身的生理生长过程. 相似文献
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对铜陵杨山冲铜尾矿废弃地和同区农田系统、安徽大学校园、合肥旱地四种生境中的中华结缕草和白茅的根、茎、叶器官中氮(N)、磷(P)浓度进行测定分析。结果表明:中华结缕草和白茅这两种植物的根、茎、叶中氮和磷的含量存在显著差异性(P<0.05),植物体内养分的浓度在物种之间有较大的差异。四种生境下两种植物体内氮和磷浓度均表现为叶>茎>根。两种植物各器官中磷的含量均低于氮的含量。铜尾矿中中华结缕草和白茅各器官内氮磷含量均低于其它三种生境,其中叶片的差异最少,表明它们已适应尾矿废弃地极端的营养贫瘠环境,以较小的养分要求完成了自身的生理生长过程。 相似文献
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采用干法灰化处理植物体样品,湿法处理土壤样品.用火焰原子吸收法测定香附子与大香附中Mg、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Pb等7种微量元素的含量.结果显示：香附中各元素的总体含Mg＞ Fe＞ Ni＞ Mn＞Cu＞ Pb＞Cr,大香附Mg＞Fe＞ Mn＞ Ni＞Cu＞ Pb＞Cr.两种植物对Mg外的6种元素的富集系数都小于1.同种元素在同一植株中不同部位的含量不同.香附中：Mg元素叶＞根＞茎;Fe、Cr、Ni、Pb四种元素含量根＞叶＞茎;Cu、Mn是叶＞茎＞根.大香附中：Mg元素叶＞根＞茎;Cr、Mn、Ni三元素含量根＞茎＞叶;Fe根＞叶＞茎;Cu、Pb的含量茎＞根＞叶.两种草药的Cr、Pb含量均超过2000年的《中国药典（一部）》标准. 相似文献
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采用水培法和化学逐步提取法,研究水生植物凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)根和叶Cu2+的累积及其提取形态.结果表明,凤眼莲中Cu2+的累积模式表现为根>叶,凤眼莲根是Cu2+主要的吸收和累积部位,具有强的吸收和累积水体环境Cu2+的能力,并且根和叶对Cu2+的累积量随培养液中Cu2+浓度的增加和处理时间的延长而上升;Cu2+在凤眼莲组织中的提取态总体表现一致为:盐酸提取态>乙醇提取态>醋酸提取态>水提取态>氯化钠提取态,盐酸提取态占优势分布,稳定且毒性低的草酸铜可能是Cu2+在凤眼莲体内的主要存在形式.盐酸提取态Cu比例的下降和乙醇提取态Cu比例的上升是凤眼莲富集器官根对Cu2+污染在提取态上的响应特征之一. 相似文献
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采用溶液培养方法,研究了硅对镉胁迫下水稻幼苗的解毒效应及其机制.Cd2+(4 mg·L-1)处理4 d后水稻幼苗出现明显的毒害症状,生物产量显著降低.然而,在镉溶液中添加30～180 mg·L-1SiO2后镉毒害症状减轻,生物产量显著提高.硅处理不仅极显著减少水稻含镉量和镉的吸收量,而且减少镉累积在地上部、地下部以及在叶、茎中的比值.硅处理后细胞壁中的镉占根中镉的比例增加,而镉在共质体和质外体中的比例显著减少.硅处理还使进入根细胞自由空间的镉更多地转化为交换态,使交换态镉与游离态镉的比值升高.这些结果表明,硅通过抑制水稻对镉的吸收和镉的向上运输,而增加镉在细胞壁中的沉积和自由空间中交换态镉的比重等途径缓解镉对水稻的毒害. 相似文献
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Tea is one of the most popular beverages, consumed by over two thirds of the world's population; but the aluminum accumulation property of tea plant is becoming the focus of many researches because of aluminum's known adverse effect on human health. Investigation of the interactions of catechins with Al3 showed that during the interaction of catechins with Al3 , the UV-vis spectrum of catechins was changed. Absorption of EGCG at 274 nm decreased and increased at 322 nm; EC and C's at 278 nm changed little. The ratio of Al3 to EGCG was 1:1 in pH 5.0 buffer solution; in pH 6.2 buffer solution, the ratio in the Al-EGCG complex was 1:1. Interestingly, while the ratio reached to over 2, after the complex of Al-EGCG started polymerization, the ratio in the polymer was 2:1. In pH 6.2 buffer solution, the complex behavior of C with Al3 was the same as that of EGCG, with a little difference for EC. When the ratio of Al3 to EC was <1, the complex in ratio was 1:2, but, the complex polymerized when the ratio of Al3 to EC was >1. It was found that the ratio of Al3 to EC in the polymer was 1:1. Polymerization of Al-catechin complexes might reduce aluminum absorption in the intestine. Kow value was also employed to study the properties of aluminum species in tea infusion (at gastric and intestine pH condition) and the effect of catechins and tea polyphenols on Kow in buffer solution. Results showed that Kow value rose much higher at the intestine pH than at the gastric pH. Tea polyphenols and catechins could greatly reduce aluminum Kow value in acetic buffer, indicating that these compounds may reduce aluminum absorption during tea intake. 相似文献
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不同光照强度对薇甘菊幼苗生长和形态的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
比较了生长在不同光照强度下的薇甘菊 (Mikainamicrantha) 幼苗的生长型。结果表明 :苗高、节间长、比叶面积、叶面积比、总叶面积、净同化速率、支持结构生物量比、根生物量比和根冠比随着光照强度的变化而改变 ;然而 ,比茎长、比叶柄长、总生物量、相对生长速率和叶片生物量比却保持相对的稳定。说明薇甘菊幼苗对不同的光强梯度具有不同的可塑性和适应性。 相似文献
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Changes of root morphology and Pb uptake by two species of Elsholtzia under Pb toxicity 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Elsholtzia argyi and Elsholtzia splendens, which are Chinese endemic Pb/Zn mined and Cu mined ecotype respectively, were investigated on the aspect of their response to Pb toxicity in the presence or absence of EDTA addition. After 8 d's Pb treatment, root length, root surface area and root volume of E. splendens decreased much more than those ofE. argyi, and reduced considerably with increase of Pb, while no marked change was noted for root average diameter. Compared to E. argyi, length of root with diameter (D)＜0.2 mm was significantly reduced for E. splendens as Pb increased. D＜0.1 mm E. splendens root had cross-sectional surface area at Pb≥10 mg/L, while for E. argyi, it was at Pb＞25 mg/L. With increase ofPb, DW ofE. splendens decreased much more than that of E. argyi. E. argyi exhibited much more tolerance to Pb toxicity than E. splendens. Treatment with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA significantly decreased the length and surface area of D≤0.2 mm root, increased the length and surface area of 0.2≤D≤0.8 mm root for the case ofE. argyi, while for E. splendens, length and surface area of D＜0.6 mm root reduced, as compared to 100 mg/L Pb treatment, alone. At 100 mg/L Pb, shoot Pb accumulation in E. splendens and E. argyi were 27.9 and 89.0 μg/plant DW respectively, and much more Pb was uptaken by the root and translocated to the stem ofE. argyi as compared to E. splendens. Treatment of the plant with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA increased leaf Pb accumulation from 16.8 to 84.9 g/plant for E. splendens and from 18.8 to 52.5 g/plant for E. argyi, while both root and stem Pb pronouncedly reduced for both Elsholtzia species. The increased translocation of Pb to the leaf ofE. splendens being than that ofE. argyi after treatment with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA should be further investigated. 相似文献
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不同烤烟品种(系)苗期生长发育特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究并比较了10个不同烤烟品种（系）苗期生长发育特性的差异．结果表明，10个（系）品种的出苗时间为10～13d，其中出苗时间最短的为DL04，云烟85与云烟87，而最长为DL01，红大与云97．不同烤烟品种苗期不同阶段的单株生物量及其累积速率明显不同，其中累积最快的发育阶段随品种而异，但累积最慢的时期大多为6至7叶期．从4叶期到13叶期，云97烟的生物量增长最多，而DL03增长最少；多数品种苗期根占全株的比重先是增加，然后下降，茎所占的比重随植株的发育而持续增加，而叶则持续下降．此外，不同烤烟品种叶片体内硝酸还原酶活性在苗期不同发育阶段存在差异，其中绝大多数品种烟苗的硝酸还原酶活性在后期达到最大，但DL02与云87烟却在前期达到最大。 相似文献
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Copper accumulation and intracellular distribution in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accumulating plant species, was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and gradient centrifugation techniques.Copper concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of E. splendens increased with increasing Cu levels in solution. After exposure to 500 μmol/L Cu for 8 d, about 1000 mg/kg Cu were accumulated in the stem and 250 mg/kg Cu in the leaf of E. splendens. At 50μmol/L Cu, no significant toxicity was observed in the chloroplast and mitochondrion within its leaf cells, but separation appeared at the cytoplasm and the cell wall within the root cells. At ＞250 μmol/L Cu, both root and leaf organelles in E. splendens were damaged heavily by excessive Cu in vivo. Copper subcellular localization in the plant leaf after 8 days' exposure to 500 μmol/L Cu using gradient centrifugation techniques was found to be decreased in the order: chloroplast＞cell wall＞soluble fraction＞other organelles. The plant root cell wall was found to be the site of highest Cu localization. Increase of Cu exposure time from 8 d to 16d, increased slightly Cu concentration in cell wall fraction in roots and leaves, while that in the chloroplast fraction decreased in leaves of the plants grown in both 0.25 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L Cu. TEM confirmed that much more Cu localized in cell walls of E. splendens roots and leaves, but also more Cu localized in E. splendens' chloroplast when the plant is exposed to Cu levels＞250μmol/L, as compared to those in the plant grown in 0.25 μmol/L Cu. Copper treatment at levels＞250 μmol/L caused pronounced damage in the leaf chloroplast and root organelles. Copper localization in cell walls and chloroplasts could mainly account for the high detoxification of Cu in E. splendens. 相似文献
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Ni^2＋对小麦幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了在不同浓度下的Ni^2 对小麦幼苗的生长及其某些生理生化指标的影响。结果表明，较低浓度的Ni^2 对小麦种子的胚芽、胚根、根和茎的伸长生长、幼苗干物质积累有促进作用，随着Ni^2 浓度的增加小麦种子的胚芽、胚根、根和茎的生长速度及σ-淀粉酶活性均呈下降趋势，但叶组织中丙二醛浓度呈上升趋势，与此同时，叶组织中的电解质泄漏率也呈增加之势。 相似文献
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以特早熟毛豆为材料 ,采用田间试验、盆栽试验以及室内分析的方法 ,研究了两种自制种衣剂对大豆发芽和苗期各部分生长情况及对养分吸收的影响。结果表明 :不同种衣剂对它们的影响各不相同 ,两种种衣剂处理的发芽势和发芽率均高于对照 ,标志苗期生长状况的指标 ,如株高、主根长、根系体积、基部茎粗、干物质的积累等 ,处理的也好于对照 ,特别是配方一 ,效果最佳。从养分吸收情况看 ,种衣剂处理的吸收氮、磷量高于对照 ,而钾的吸收量均略低于对照。总体看 ,配方一具有生产应用价值 ,应进行进一步的推广应用研究 相似文献