共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Guan GongWolfgang Keller 《Research Policy》2003,32(6):1055-1079
We review the recent literature on technological change and diffusion to shed new light on the evolution of the world’s cross-country income distribution. Technology is viewed as non-rival knowledge in the sense that firms in more than one country can simultaneously use it. R&D investments generate often also a return outside the innovating firm itself; these knowledge externalities are called technology spillovers. We emphasize that technology is to some extent tacit, and technology diffusion often involves the face-to-face interaction of people. Our paper reviews the evidence on whether international trade, foreign direct investment, and other cross-border activities are important for technology diffusion. 相似文献
2.
In the continuing debate about the positive versus negative effects of inward investments in a host economy, a new perspective has arisen from new firms’ strategy nowadays to internationalise their activity. One aspect is that knowledge that is not completely appropriable by foreign affiliates abroad may spill over into domestic firms. In the absence of conclusive evidence, two questions can be put forward: the first concerns the role played by technology in the generation of those external effects; the second, the micro-assessment of the dynamics of technological spillovers. In this paper, results show that benefits for domestic firms in Spain differ across industries by their technological content. The hypothesis of spillover dynamics is tested and supported by the availability of panel data for manufacturing firms in the 1990s. 相似文献
3.
技术体制对FDI溢出效应的影响:基于中国制造业的计量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文从技术体制这个新的视角,分析了影响FDI行业内溢出效应以及FDI技术扩散的因素。基于对我国28个制造行业1999年到2002年面板数据的计量统计分析,得到结论:对于FDI总的溢出效应,行业技术机会越少、知识基础越倾向于应用科学、行业的技术轨道流动性越弱,FDI溢出效应越容易发挥;当地企业的吸收能力对FDI溢出具有明显的促进作用;创新独占性和外部知识可获得性对FDI溢出效应的影响在本文的统计结果中并不显著。而技术体制对FDI技术扩散的作用则略有不同:技术机会、创新独占性和技术轨道流动性的反向作用在统计结果中十分显著,其他技术体制因素对FDI技术扩散的影响在本文的统计分析中没有得到体现。这一结论对我国的引资和我国本土企业的技术追赶具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
Our objective in this paper is to analyse the determinants of the use of advanced manufacturing technologies in manufacturing firms. We go beyond more traditional approaches and consider the role of complementarities in technology adoption at two levels. First, we adapt Teece's (1986) framework to study the incentives to use new technology that stem from investments in R&D, human capital and advertising. Second, we analyse whether technology use is conditioned by a system effect that arises from the use of related technologies. We test our hypotheses on a representative sample of manufacturing firms in Spain. Our results fully support the idea that R&D investments increase the likelihood of technology use, but only offer partial support for human capital and advertising investments. Export intensity, being part of a business group and epidemic effects are also important determinants of adoption. 相似文献
5.
This study explores the channels through which technological investments affect productivity performance of industrialized economies. Using a Stochastic Frontier Model (SFM) we estimate the productivity effects of R&D and ICT for a large sample of OECD industries between 1973 and 2007, identifying four channels of transmission: input accumulation, technological change, technical efficiency and spillovers. Our results show that ICT has been particularly effective in reducing production inefficiency and in generating inter-industry spillovers, while R&D has raised the rate of technical change and favoured knowledge spillovers within sectors. We also quantify the contribution of technological investments to output and total factor productivity growth documenting that R&D and ICT accounted for almost 95% of productivity growth in the OECD area. 相似文献
6.
Werner Bnte 《Research Policy》2004,33(10):1635-1655
This paper investigates the effects of interindustry R&D spillovers from publicly financed business R&D on private R&D efforts and productivity using data of West German manufacturing industries. The results suggest that it is important to distinguish between the effects of spillovers from privately and publicly financed business R&D. In particular, estimation results provide evidence of productivity-enhancing effects of spillovers from privately financed R&D while results are less clear-cut for publicly financed R&D. Moreover, there is some empirical evidence that private R&D efforts of higher-technology industries are stimulated by spillovers from privately financed R&D but not by spillovers from publicly financed R&D. However, public funding of R&D in higher-technology industries seems to induce private R&D investments within these industries. 相似文献
7.
R&D, knowledge spillovers and company productivity performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Using company accounts data for 5 countries (US, UK, Japan, France and Germany) we analyse the relationship between intangible assets and productivity. We integrate the company data with industry information on tangible and intangible investments and skill composition of the labour force. The industry data are summarised in two different taxonomies, factor and skill intensive groups, which account for differences in the knowledge intensity and innovative activities within sectors. The results provide evidence of higher productivity in R&D and skill intensive industries. This can be interpreted as evidence in favour of the presence of spillover effects. 相似文献
8.
We explore the antecedents of corporate spin-offs for a sample of 3462 Spanish firms between 1992 and 2002. Using a resource-based approach, we identify three reasons firms engage in spin-offs: (a) to create complementarities, (b) to appropriate residual rents, and (c) to focus on the core business. Specifically, we find that spin-offs are more common among firms that belong to a group able to create networks and new knowledge that can be exploited through spin-offs. In addition, we find that spin-offs are more frequent in firms that wish to exploit strategic advantages achieved through knowledge investments and in firms that increase efforts to the focus on the parent firm's core competences. 相似文献
9.
The effect of financial constraints, absorptive capacity and complementarities on the adoption of multiple process technologies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jaime Gomez 《Research Policy》2009,38(1):106-119
This paper investigates the factors affecting the multiple adoption of new process technologies in manufacturing. We focus our attention on the effect of both financial resources and absorptive capacity on the decision to introduce the technology. We argue in favour of a negative effect of financial constraints and provide reasons for a differential effect of internal and external R&D on innovation adoption. Additionally, the methodology allows us to consider the possible complementarities arising when firms adopt several new process technologies. Our results show that financial constraints are dependent on the technology analyzed, whereas only internal R&D investments are strong predictors of adoption. We are also able to present evidence that the three technologies analyzed (numerically controlled machines, computer aided design and robotics) are, to some extent, complementary. 相似文献
10.
11.
人力资本与国际R&D溢出——基于OFDI传导机制的实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用国际R&D溢出模型研究了以对外直接投资为传导机制的国际R&D溢出对我国全要素生产率的影响,并运用五个不同的人力资本度量指标检验了人力资本因素对这种逆向溢出效应的吸收效果。结果表明,我国对外直接投资并未促进我国全要素生产率的提升。同时,我国人力资本的积累也还未能达到有效吸收对外投资传导的国际R&D资本的要求,致使其未能在对外投资逆向技术溢出中发挥积极的作用。 相似文献
12.
采用我国1998—2008年30个省级行政区域本土大中型工业企业的面板数据,以新产品销售收入作为测度企业产品创新绩效的指标,应用动态面板数据模型,实证分析了外资研发对我国本土企业产品创新绩效的影响效果及其区域差异。结果显示:外资研发对我国本土企业产品创新绩效具有显著的正向影响;而且这种影响效应与外资研发在我国东、中、西部的区域分布格局一致,呈现出明显的"东高西低"梯度特征。针对实证研究结论,为促进我国本土企业从外资研发中获得更多技术溢出、提升我国本土企业的产品创新绩效,提出了对策建议。 相似文献
13.
《Research Policy》2023,52(8):104837
Global productivity growth has either stagnated or declined, despite continued technological innovations with the rise of knowledge-intensive intangibles that arise from the growth of knowledge stock (R&D activities). Understanding the root causes of this paradox in the context of growing economies requires an investigation of whether local knowledge diffusion can explain firm-level productivity differences, including key constraining factors like sources of financing or corporate governance structure. Using financial data of 7970 Indian firms over a 20-year period and clustering firms across industries, we assess the impact of R&D stock that is external to the firm through estimating both within (intra) and between (inter) industry spillovers. We find that both R&D and non-R&D-performing firms benefit from ‘between industry’ spillovers. We further show that firms with better access to finance achieve higher productivity, not only through their own R&D capital stock but also via both types of industry-level knowledge spillover. We allow for the two key sources of international spillovers namely import intensity and FDI. While import-intensive firms experience lower productivity, FDI mitigates this adverse productivity effect across knowledge-intensive exporting firms. The paper concludes that financially unconstrained firms and firms with greater corporate board connectedness derive positive industry-level spillover effects, reflecting intra- and inter-industry as domestic spillover or local value-chain effect in the literature on technological innovation. 相似文献
14.
使用面板数据计量方法，研究人力资本和R＆D对外资技术溢出的影响。结果显示，内外资企业的人力资本存量和研发能力是企业吸收外国技术溢出的重要因素，而内资企业人力资本水平与外资企业相比差距较大，难以吸收外资的技术溢出。因此，应加大和优化人力资本、R＆D投资和吸引外资策略，增强外资对国内企业的技术溢出效应和技术进步。 相似文献
15.
The knowledge paradox suggests that high levels of investment in new knowledge do not necessarily and automatically generate the anticipated levels of competitiveness of growth. In particular, knowledge investments do not automatically translate into balanced growth and competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to explain why knowledge investments are inherently unbalanced, so that the competitiveness and growth ensuing from knowledge are not equally spread across individuals, firms, and spatial units of observation, such as regions and countries. Based on a data set linking entrepreneurial activity to growth within the context of German regions, this paper shows that entrepreneurship serves a conduit of knowledge spillovers. 相似文献
16.
The purpose of this paper is to explore whether six broad categories of knowledge transfer activities undertaken by academics: the creation and diffusion of knowledge through publications, transmission of knowledge through teaching, informal knowledge transfer, patenting, spin-off formation and consulting activities, are complementary, substitute, or independent, as well as the conditions under which complementarities, substitution and independence among these activities are likely to emerge. This investigation relied on data regarding 1554 researchers funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Contrary to prior studies which have examined complementarities and the determinants of knowledge transfer activities in separate models, this study relied on a multivariate path model to reflect the fact that in practice, academics consider simultaneously whether or not to undertake multiple knowledge transfer activities. Overall, the results point to the existence of three very different types of knowledge transfer portfolios of activities: a first portfolio made up of complementary activities which are interdependent and reinforce each other. This portfolio includes publications, patenting, spin-off creation, consulting and informal knowledge transfer. A second portfolio includes teaching activities and publication outputs which are substitute for each other. A third portfolio comprises teaching activities and other activities independent from teaching, namely, patenting, spin-off creation, consulting and informal knowledge transfer. Each of these three portfolios of knowledge transfer activities emerged under different conditions. Implications are derived for managerial practice and future research. 相似文献
17.
随着城市间网络联系的快速发展,城市绿色经济效率将越来越多地受到城市网络资源支配能力和合作伙伴经济绩效的影响。本文基于数据包络分析（DEA）的窗口模型测度城市绿色经济效率,并利用2019年中国上市公司500强企业网络数据构建城市网络,在此基础上研究了网络权力、知识溢出对中国城市绿色经济效率的影响。结果表明：①网络权力和建立在网络基础上的知识溢出已经成为影响中国城市绿色发展的重要因素,更高的网络资源支配能力、更高的合作伙伴经济绩效意味着更高的绿色经济效率。②网络权力和知识溢出对中国城市绿色经济效率提升具有递增的边际影响,表明多样化的中间产品和非竞争性的知识资源所带来的收益明显高于网络链接的交易成本,意味着中国城市网络嵌入对生产率的影响还处于倒U型曲线关系中收益递增的发展阶段。③网络权力和知识溢出能够显著改善核心地位城市、东部地区城市和较大规模城市的绿色经济效率,但是对边缘地位城市、中西部地区城市和较小规模城市绿色经济效率的影响不显著,这意味着中国城市绿色经济效率的发展差距在多个维度上趋于扩大。未来中国政府应加快城市网络建设,并促进资源和知识的有序流动,为城市绿色经济效率的提升提供支撑,同时高度关注网络外部影响的异质性特征,促进不同类型城市绿色经济的协调发展。 相似文献
18.
杨秀文 《科学学与科学技术管理》2011,32(3)
基于Feder两部门模型分析框架,采用静态面板数据门槛模型,从人力资本、经济发展水平、金融发展水平、对外开放度、经济结构五类吸收能力角度分析外资对我国省域创新能力溢出效应的门限特征.结果表明,整体上外资部门对创新产出的影响主要依赖于边际要素生产率优势,且存在微弱的负向溢出效应.除人力资本及人均GDP外,其他四种吸收能力与外资科技创新溢出效应之间存在显著的门槛效应,门槛效应的发展轨迹可划分为"阻滞期"、"飞跃期"、"稳定期"三个阶段.人力资本与其他吸收能力的结合将对外资科技创新溢出效应及科技创新产出产生不同的影响. 相似文献
19.
FDI溢出效应对民营经济的影响——基于省际面板数据的实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1999-2005年省际工业面板数据,对外资企业对中国民营企业的技术溢出效应进行实证研究.外资企业对民营企业劳动生产率的提高具有显著的正向溢出效应;经济发达程度也对技术溢出产生正面影响:技术差距则在一定程度上形成了技术溢出的"门槛效应",当中外企业技术差距大于临界值时,技术溢出效应无法发生,而在技术差距小于临界值时,技术差距越大,溢出效果越显著;人均资本小的民营企业能从外资企业的技术溢出中得到更多好处,原因在于这些小规模的民营企业更能适应市场变化,通过与外资配套加快了技术的溢出;外资参与程度越高,技术溢出效果越显著. 相似文献
20.
《Research Policy》2023,52(7):104808
We model how R&D enters the innovation system in four ways (intramural, extramural, cooperative, and spillover). Despite measuring three different spillovers together, for a very large sample of European enterprises we conclude that the productivity effects of spillovers were at best smaller than intramural R&D productivity effects. We also find that building on the greater skills and experience of enterprises already undertaking R&D (intensity) raised labour productivity more than providing support for those beginning R&D (extensity). Optimal extramural R&D intensity was higher than the actual level; sample firms could boost productivity either by abandoning extramural R&D or by doing much more. There were substantial differences in our sample between enterprises and countries in terms of R&D spillovers. Greater multinational corporation incidence in new EU members accounted for these countries' high direct R&D intensity productivity, regardless of their generally low overall labour productivity. Absorptive capacity made little difference to the utilisation of spillovers. 相似文献