共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
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儿童对国家的理解包含对地理、民族和政治三种含义的国家的理解.这种理解的形成与发展是一个涉及智力和情感等因素在内的复杂的心理历程.文章分析了儿童对国家的理解的心理实质,通过对现有研究文献的剖析,初步探讨了儿童理解国家的心理过程以及所呈现的年龄特征,进一步提出了今后的研究所要注意的问题. 相似文献
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陈浩彬 《首都师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2013,(4):151-156
积极心理学的重要理论观点是心理特质是积极的,然而一些心理学家却发现,积极心理特质如宽恕、乐观、善良、仁慈以及利他等在有些情境中却产生了消极效应。依据这一观点,文章主要对心理学领域中有关积极心理特质消极效应的研究结果进行了梳理与总结,并认为积极心理学的未来研究应该注重情境因素对积极心理特质的调节作用,采用纵向与横向研究相结合的方法检验心理特质的效用,避免给心理特质贴上积极或消极的标签。 相似文献
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研究以交互作用理论为基础,选取小学三、四、五三个年级儿童为被试,采用行为预测研究方法,通过各年级被试对内外向特质个体和认真马虎特质个体在强情境和弱情境下的行为进行预测,探索青少年是否能够对强情境和弱情境进行区分,理解特质性质和情境强度的交互作用。研究结果表明儿童能够逐渐理解特质性质和情境强度的交互作用。 相似文献
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儿童关于人类心理特质起源的观点是他们关于人类本性问题观点的重要组成部分,并且表现为遗传决定论与环境决定论二者的研究分野。目前研究者大多采用心理特质起源观研究的一般范式——“出生调换”的方法展开有关研究。但其获得的成果与结论中尚存在一些值得商榷的问题:实验的启动效应和顺序效应,这些问题的进一步解决决定着未来有关人类心理特质起源观这一论题可能的研究方向和趋势。 相似文献
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当代我国超常儿童心理研究与教育述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
超常儿童在当今世界已成为举世瞩目的关注对象。本文就超常儿童研究的方法学原则、超常儿童的鉴别工具、超常儿童的心理结构模式以及超常儿童教育体系中的学制等问题，对我国近２０年来在超常儿童心理研究与教育方向所取得的新成果进行了概括而有重点的阐述。为了进一步促进这个新兴领域的发展，文章还提出了展望、思考和建议 相似文献
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占江平 《赣南师范学院学报》2006,27(4):29-32
孤独症儿童的认知心理是当前孤独症理论研究的一个重要方向,其研究成果对儿童孤儿症的预防与治疗都有重要的指导作用。本文根据当前儿童孤儿症认知理论研究现状,着重分析了孤独症儿童的认知心理的特点,以及认知心理干预法,提出孤独症儿童认知心理理论应用中应注意和强调的问题。 相似文献
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当下数字阅读随科技的发展已融入人们的生活并呈现出低龄化趋势。相对于传统纸质阅读方式,数字阅读图文并茂,整合了视频、声音与文本,有其独特优势。儿童的认知水平、生理与心理发展有别于成年人,文章聚焦于儿童数字阅读对其学习能力的影响,从儿童词汇学习、表达能力以及阅读理解的角度进行归纳总结,发现目前数字阅读研究在儿童被试、学习能力研究方法及内容上存在不足,并以此提出对未来研究的展望。 相似文献
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Susan Dickerson Mayes Frederick J. Humphrey II Alison Moll John F. Mitchell Susan L. Calhoun 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1996,43(3):247-253
Staff at a residential facility for children with mental retardation rated their most‐preferred and least‐preferred children on a list of child characteristics. Staff‐perceived characteristics that differed significantly between the most‐ and least‐preferred children were subjective traits involving physical attributes, mood, behaviour, and social qualities. The remaining characteristics comprised objective developmental traits that did not differentiate the two groups. Small children were more likely to be rated most‐preferred, and large children least‐preferred. Staff tended to discount positive traits in their least‐preferred children and tolerate negative attributes in their most‐preferred children. Some children were rated as both most‐ and least‐preferred by different caregivers. These findings add to the understanding of staff perceptions and attitudes and have implications for intervention. 相似文献
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Ronald T. Zaffrann 《Roeper Review》2013,35(2):9-13
Educators will have a better understanding of the dysynchrony of young gifted children's cognitive, socio‐emotional, and motor development by carefully observing the various traits of these children. 相似文献
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本研究考查了180名10—12岁儿童羞愧感理解的特点。研究结果表明:(1)10—12岁儿童能够理解羞愧感,在理解程度上有年龄差异;(2)“公开化与私人化”与羞愧感的产生密切相关,而“个人无能与违背道德”与羞愧感的产生无关,却与内疚感的产生密切相关;(3)10—12岁儿童认为产生羞愧感主要是由于不适的行为和害怕被公开。 相似文献
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Trait attribution is central to people's na?ve theories of people and their actions. Previous developmental research indicates that young children are poor at predicting behaviors from past trait-relevant behaviors. We propose that the cognitive process of behavior-to-behavior predictions consists of two component processes: (1) behavior-to-trait inferences and (2) trait-to-behavior predictions. Experiment 1 demonstrates that 4-, 5-, 7-, and 9-year-olds can infer trait labels from behaviors. Experiment 2 demonstrates that 4-, 5-, and 7-year-olds can predict behaviors from trait labels but not from past behaviors. Experiment 3 demonstrates that 4- and 5-year-olds understand traits as predictive and stable over time. Taken together, these three studies show that young children, in possessing component trait-reasoning processes, have a nascent understanding of traits. 相似文献
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Shanna van Trigt Cristina Colonnesi Eddie Brummelman Terrence D. Jorgensen Milica Nikolić 《Child development》2023,94(4):e181-e196
Self-conscious emotions arise from evaluating the self through the eyes of others. Given that children with autistic traits may experience difficulties with understanding others' minds, they might show less attuned self-conscious emotions. Two-to-five-year-old children's (N = 98, Mage = 48.54 months, 50% girls, 92% White) self-conscious emotions (guilt, embarrassment, and shame-like avoidance) were observed after children “broke” the experimenter's favorite toy. Data were collected from March 2018 till June 2019. Children with more autistic traits showed less theory of mind (ToM), and more shame-like avoidance, but associations were not mediated by ToM. This provides initial evidence that children with more autistic traits may show disturbances in some but not all self-conscious emotions, which could hinder their social functioning. 相似文献
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儿童在对人的行为进行归纳推理时是否遵循多样性原则,是否受到了其他认知因素的影响？本研究采用归纳推理多样性效应的范式,分析了4-5岁、6-7岁、8岁、9岁儿童和成人在对人的行为进行推理时表现出多样性效应的发展趋势。结果表明,6-7岁、8岁、9岁和成人表现出了多样性效应,并且9岁儿童运用多样性信息的能力已达到成人水平。但6-7岁和8岁儿童的多样性表现与成人仍有显著差别。从发展趋势上,对年龄、属性特征外显性和人格特质理解等因素的影响进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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AbstractGender stereotypes associate mathematics and sciences with boys, whereas reading and writing are typically associated with girls. This study investigated sex differences in primary school children’s motivation (confidence and value) across four academic subjects (maths, science, reading and writing) and examined how their identification with stereotypical masculine and feminine traits related to their motivation in these subjects. Five hundred and thirty-two children (aged 9–11, 52% boys), from five UK schools participated. Sex differences in reading and writing motivation were wider than sex differences found in maths and science motivation. Interestingly, the extent to which children identified with feminine traits was a stronger predictor of their reading and writing motivation than their sex. Gender identity provides an innovative approach to the study of sex differences; it challenges the dichotomy inherent within sex differences research and can lead to a more critical and nuanced understanding of sex differences in education. 相似文献
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The focus of the study was to explore parental experiences of raising a child with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). A mixed‐method approach consisting of questionnaires and semi‐structured interviews was used in order to elicit parental perspectives of raising a child with ASD. Two semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with ASD. Questionnaires were sent to parents of children with ASD in two special schools. The findings indicate that although each of the parents had a child with ASD, their experiences were all different. Many interesting accounts were documented and a wealth of information regarding the characteristic traits that children with ASD portray was recorded. The findings suggested that the majority of the parents experienced a low level of support from agencies and professionals. The general verdict was that of poor communication and a lack of understanding of parents' needs following formal diagnosis. Finally, a series of coping strategies were discovered ranging from family support to paid help. 相似文献