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1.
试论我国农业科技成果转化的问题和对策 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
农业科技成果转化是推进科技进步、经济发展的重要工作，具有长周期性、复杂性、选择性、市场性特点．当前我国农业科技成果转化在成果本身、成果采用者和成果推广者三个方面都存在不少问题．必须通过改革农业科技体制，加强农业科研管理；提高农民文化科学水平，增加农民采用科学技术意识；健全农业推广体系，完善农业推广运行机制；稳定农业推广队伍，提高农业推广人员素质等对策，加快农业科技成果转化． 相似文献
2.
班荣鼎 《广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》1992,(4)
科学技术是第一生产力,科学技术滞后是贫困地区贫穷落后的根本原因。贫困地区农村经济起飞的切入点只能是科学技术。加强农业科技成果的推广是贫困地区农村发展科学技术的战略重点;要建立一套科学的、合理的、较为完善的农业科学技术推广机制,让科学技术带动贫困地区农村经济的全面起飞。 相似文献
3.
农民接受科学技术的心理阻抗及其改变途径 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
农民接受科学技术的心理阻抗及其改变途径鲁忠义科学技术是发展经济的关键，依靠科学技术才能促进农村经济的大发展，农民才能走上致富之路。但是，许多农民并不愿意接受新的农业科学技术，对新技术有强烈的心理阻抗，致使许多新技术无法推广．严重影响了生产力的提高。本... 相似文献
4.
左良凯 《涪陵师范学院学报》2001,17(4):66-69
贫困地区农民收入问题是今后农村工作中的难点，影响贫困地区农民收入增长的因素很多，主要有收入因素、支出因素、资源因素，解决农民收入增长问题应作好以下几方面的工作：①加快贫困地区农村剩余劳动力转移，推进农村的非农化；②加强贫困地区基层组织领导班子建设，选好一个带头人；③推进税费改革，减轻农民负担；④加快贫困地区基础设施建设；⑤调整农业生产结构，推进农业产业化经营；⑥提高农民化素质，增强农民市场意识；⑦加大对贫困地区的扶贫力度，做好扶贫工作。 相似文献
5.
依靠科技进步增加农民收入 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我国农业生产科技水平低下是造成近年来农民收入增长减缓的重要原因之一。针对我国农业科技研究推广过程中存在的突出问题，必须大力推进农业科技体制改革，建立与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的符合农业科技发展规律的公开、流动、竞争、协作的运行机制；增加资金投入，加强农业科技的研究和引进工作；健全农业科技推广体系，促进科技成果尽快向生产转化；用现代科学技术和先进的工业生产要素装备农业，大幅度提高农业的有机构成；大力发展农村教育，不断提高农民的整体科学文化素质。从而为促进农村经济发展，增加农民收入提供科技支持。 相似文献
6.
试论搞好农技推广教育的三个“必须” 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农技推广教育是传授农业科技知识提高农民科技文化素质的职业技术教育,它对农业科学技术推广,实现农业科技成果转化,促进农业发展、农村经济繁荣和农民收入增加具有巨大作用。然而,近些年来农技推广教育成效不显著。为了迅速扭转这种局面,增强农技推广教育实效,作者提出三个“必须”：一是必须正确认识农技推广教育特点；二是必须严格遵循农技推广教育的教学原则；三是必须全面掌握农民学习的特殊性。 相似文献
7.
侧重从人主体自身的因素出发，认为制约贫困地区经济发展的原因除了教育、科技、政府投入等外部因素外，还有自然环境恶劣、生存方式落后、传统文化的局限等内部因素。对此应采取发展科学技术，增强贫困地区民众的科技意识；加大贫困地区的教育力度，在推进科技进步的同时改变人们的生活观念和生存方式；实行贫困地区城镇化，加快贫困地区由传统的农业文明向现代工业文明的转型等治理良方。 相似文献
8.
鲍宏礼 《黄冈师范学院学报》1996,(4)
侧重从人主体自身的因素出发，认为制约贫困地区经济发展的原因除了教育、科技、政府投入等外部因素外，还有自然环境恶劣、生存方式落后、传统文化的局限等内部因素。对此应采取发展科学技术，增强贫困地区民众的科技意识；加大贫困地区的教育力度，在推进科技进步的同时改变人们的生活观念和生存方式；实行贫困地区城镇化，加快贫困地区由传统的农业文明向现代工业文明的转型等治理良方。 相似文献
9.
王慧生 《中国职业技术教育》2001,(9):46-46
通俗是农业科技教育的最基本要求，只有通俗，才能适合农民的水平和需要，才能被农民理解、接受和运用，进而将推广的农业科学技术转化为现实生产力，达到增加农民收入、振兴农村经济的目的。怎样才能使农业科技教育通俗化？笔者有以下几点认识：一、要浅化科技教材 教材是农业科技教育的基本依据，但在众多的农业科技书籍中，完全适合本地区、本乡镇农民使用的现成教材很少，这就要求我们农村成职技术教育工作者，在选准推广的农业科技项目之后，自己首先要将其理解吃透，达到融会贯通、运用自如的程度；然后，再按照农民的认识水平、接受… 相似文献
10.
体校学生正处在人生发展的青春期，这是人生发育最旺盛、心理变化最大的时期。这个阶段一方面是世界观、价值观、人生观萌芽的时期；另一方面，又是逆反、对抗心理容易出现的时期。体校学生除了青少年共有的这些心理特点外，由于社会、家庭、自身等多方面原因，还形成了以下特有的心理特点： 相似文献
11.
B.A.N. Lahai P. Goldey G.E. Jones 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(4):223-233
Abstract A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of male and female extension agents in reaching farmers, especially women, with extension services in Nigeria. Specially the study determined the levels of awareness of and participation in extension activities, adoption of and technical knowledge of recommended agricultural technologies/practices, satisfaction with the quality of extension services provided and agents' credibility of men and women farmers under male and female extension agents supervision. Data gathered from 141 men and 72 women farmers supervised by male agents and 22 men and 93 women farmers supervised by female agents in Oyo, Kaduna and Rivers State Agricultural Development Projects in Nigeria form the empirical basis for the study. Even though men farmers are more aware of and participated more in the extension activities organised by agents than women farmers, the study shows that women farmers, who are supervised by female agents have more access to extension services than women farmers who work with male agents. Specifically, women farmers, who had females for extension agents had relatively higher levels of awareness and participation of the extension activities organised, adoption of and technical knowledge of recommended technologies/practices and satisfaction with the quality of agents' services and credibility. These differential effects of female and male agents on women's access to extension are significant for the delivery of extension services to women farmers, especially. Extension organisations must encourage and recruit more females for extension work done at the same time evolve strategies that will help male agents to work better with women farmers. 相似文献
12.
Abstract This paper examines the implications of farmers’ propensity to discontinue the adoption of agricultural technologies in southwestern Nigeria. This is predicated on the fact that extension education process should be proactive in addressing farmers in order to sustain the adoption process. Empirical studies looking at diffusion processes from an ex post perspective have failed to deliver in terms of effective ex ante policies and intervention strategies, and the transfer of the technology model has lost much of its lustre. Following a survey of arable crop farmers in two states of southwestern Nigeria, a Tobit model was estimated on the data collected during the 2002 growing season in order to identify variables significant in the farmers’ discontinuance behaviour. The variables identified are: attitude, extension visit, feedback provision, marketability and input availability. From the estimation, foremost among the significant variables leading to discontinuance of improved maize and cowpea varieties is extension visits. 相似文献
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14.
Hycenth Tim Ndah Andrea Knierim Oghaiki Asaah Ndambi 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(4):309-323
Abstract Although fish farming in Cameroon started in the late 1940s, currently the country meets only half of its domestic demand for fish. This article examines the complex issue of farmers’ adoption decisions and attempts to answer why there is a lag in the diffusion process. The theory of behaviour modification and key variables of adoption form the conceptual framework of this study. The paper makes use of primary data obtained through semi-structured interviews, key informants and focus group discussion. This paper reveals that inputs provided by public or non-governmental bodies, favourable environmental conditions and socio-cultural attitudes act together as driving factors towards fish farming adoption. Little administrative presence and a low local effective demand for fish have a negative effect on the adoption process. Characteristics like trialability, relative advantage and complexity of the innovation exert a significant hindrance on farmers’ adoption behaviour, while compatibility and observability provide a certain explanation. The findings clearly support the observation that fish farming is an attractive activity for medium-scale farmers most of whom are able to: run several ponds, and manage feeding, maintenance, storage, transportation and marketing effectively. With regard to small-scale farmers, staple food cropping is seen to have a comparative advantage over fish farming. This study fills gaps in existing knowledge of fish pond aquaculture diffusion in Cameroon. To realize a positive impact on the adoption decision process of this activity, this article suggests donors focus on medium-scale farmers, on improving organizational structures of farmers, and on strengthening the fragile extension system and the research on fingerlings production. 相似文献
15.
Sekondeko Ronnie Noga Oluwatoyin Dare Kolawole Olekae Tsompi Thakadu Gaseitsiwe Smollie Masunga 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2017,23(2):121-139
Purpose: This article examined how institutional factors influencing the promotion of two elephant crop-raiding deterrent innovations (ECDIs) introduced to farmers through a ministry-based extension system in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, have impacted farmers’ adoption behaviour. Methodology: A standardised interview schedule was used to elicit responses from 388 randomly sampled subsistence arable farmers on how institutions influenced the adoption of ECDIs in five communities in the study area. This was complemented by focus group discussions to obtain in-depth information on the subject-matter. Key informants interviews were also conducted with purposively selected extension agents, village project committee chairpersons and village dikgosi. Findings: Four institutional factors were found to be critical for the adoption of ECDIs. These include institutional relations, availability and/or supply of deterrent innovation inputs, farmers’ contact with extension agents and government support for extension services. Theoretical Implications: Immediate and widespread adoption of ECDIs in the ever-changing socio-economic and political environment can be enhanced by context-specific institutional arrangements in addressing social and organisational constraints to innovation adoption. Originality: This paper invoked organisational theory to contribute to the scholarly debate on how agricultural extension systems influence farming clientele’s behaviour and social change. It offers the first attempt in the investigation of the role of extension and associated institutions/organisations in promoting adoption of ECDIs among subsistence farmers in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Findings indicate that local farmers do not perceive extension agencies to hold monopoly of ideas and solutions to their unique problems. 相似文献
16.
Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate agroforestry adoption by smallholder farmers in Gutu District, Zimbabwe. Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology was based on field data collected through household questionnaires, key informant interviews and direct observations. Findings: Major findings reveal that traditional agroforestry was common in the study area. There were no cases of innovative agroforestry other than dwindling remnants from a former trees-with-pasture project. Majority of respondents were willing to adopt innovative agroforestry technologies to improve yields and income. Damage and destruction of plants by pests and animals due to lack of fences emerged as the major challenges to the adoption of agroforestry. Other challenges included seed availability and labour requirements. Possible coping strategies, identified through consulting farmers and other stakeholders, would include local initiatives and support from outside the community. Local and external efforts are required especially to secure inputs and raise awareness, knowledge and skills with respect to specific agroforestry technologies. Practical Implications: The paper presents pointers on the involvement of women in agroforestry and on the cultural significance of indigenous and exotic fruit trees. It provides practical lessons useful to extension or rural development workers in a localised set-up. Originality/Value: The case study gives an insight into the problems faced by peasant farmers and the requirements to make agroforestry successful. Practitioners in southern Africa could learn a great deal about issues relating to smallholder farmers from reading this paper. 相似文献
17.
B. Junge O. Deji R. Abaidoo D. Chikoye K. Stahr 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(3):257-274
Abstract The main objective of this study was to determine the attitude of farmers towards erosion and the adoption of appropriate soil conservation technologies (SCTs). For the survey, farmers were selected from the communities Esa Oke, Elwure and Owode-Ede and Akoda in Osun State in Nigeria. In the first three communities farmers did receive training on soil conservation, in the fourth not. About 60 farmers were interviewed to obtain information on personal and socio-economic characteristics, awareness of environmental problems, attitude towards erosion control and experiences with SCTs. Statistical data analyses (analyses of frequencies, correlation, t-test, χ2-test) were made to examine possible relationships among parameters and the influence of factors on adoption. Most respondents were advanced in years, responsible for large households and characterized by low levels of income and literacy. Soil erosion was seen as a problem confronting agricultural production only to a small extent. The adoption rate of SCTs was low, as only mulching, cover cropping, contour tillage and cut-off drainage were practised and often rejected. Low labour-demand, the availability of common equipment, low costs of application, ease of practice and compatibility with the existing farming system influenced adoption. The observed positive correlation between level of education, knowledge of appropriate technologies, farming experience and the number of SCTs adopted emphasizes the importance for farmers of education and training. Strengthening agricultural extension agencies for capacity building is an important tool for improving soil conservation in Nigeria. The paper clarifies with specific examples the causes of the low rates of adoption of available technologies, with a reduced impact of research and of efforts to achieve food security and sustainable production at village level. 相似文献
18.
Emmanuel Tumusiime 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2017,23(4):335-350
Purpose: This study examines the suitability of the system of rice intensification (SRI) for diverse small-scale farmers in Tanzania by exploring if poor and non-poor farmers adopt the system to a similar extent.
Originality: The suitability of low-external input technologies such as SRI for diverse African farmers is a contentious issue. Existing studies suggest that adoption may be skewed away from poorer farmers, but no studies have explicitly categorized farmers who participate in adoption of SRI.
Methods: Farmers exposed to SRI were randomly surveyed. Sample farmers were categorized into three socioeconomic groups – wealthier, middle-wealth, and poorer – using factor and cluster analysis approaches. Wealth category is then used in a logit model to determine probabilities of adopting SRI practices across the different groups.
Findings: The results indicate that middle-wealth group adopt SRI to a greater extent compared to the wealthier and poorer groups. The extent of adoption by wealthier and poorer groups is similar, although constraining circumstances differ. Access to factors that consistently explained adoption: contact with extension services, land with water, and labor, vary systematically among groups.
Theoretical implication: Low adoption is often assumed on reduced exposure to a technology, and non-adopters are expected to eventually adopt. The results suggest, however, that farmers, who have not adopted, may not do so, even after being exposed. SRI as a package does not fit their socioeconomic conditions.
Practical implications: To support adoption across all wealth categories, extension should focus on promoting individual practices rather than the package to enable farmers adopt practices that fit their socioeconomic characteristics. 相似文献
19.
Abstract One of the major impediments for diversification of groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) as food crop is aflatoxin contamination. The study was conducted with an objective to assess the adoption gaps in aflatoxin management practices of groundnut (AMPG) and the farmer's characteristics influencing these gaps. The study used an expost-facto research design and multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected from 180 respondents through interview schedule. For measuring adoption gap, knowledge of AMPG and perception of groundnut quality suitable scales were developed. The data were subjected to multiple regression analysis to know the characteristics, which influenced the adoption gaps in AMPG. The majority of farmers were in high adoption gap category, as most of the farmers had not adopted the harvest and post-harvest management practices. Farmers' characteristics such as knowledge, market orientation and innovativeness influenced the adoption gap significantly. These three variables put together explained 58% of variation in adoption gap. Based on the results, it is suggested to formulate strategies to increase the knowledge of farmers through various extension approaches. If the knowledge on AMPG is improved the adoption gaps can be reduced. The maiden research effort, shed light on the socio-economic dimensions of aflatoxin contamination and constraints for aflatoxin management at farmers' level. The study has significance for the policy makers, extension departments and groundnut farmers for production of quality groundnut. 相似文献
20.
Takoutsing Bertin Tchoundjeu Zacharie Degrande Ann Asaah Ebenezar Tsobeng Alain 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(5):463-483
AbstractPurpose: Formal agricultural research has generated vast amount of knowledge and fundamental insights on land management, but their low adoption has been attributed to the use of public extension approach. This research aims to address whether and how full participation of farmers through the concept of Rural Resource Centre (RRC) provides new insights for the development of alternative and farmers-based extension methods.Design/Methodology/Approach: Using the Concept of RRC, this research assesses the role of farmers in on-farm demonstrations and scaling-up of land management practices, and investigates effective ways to enhance beneficial interactions between researchers, extension workers and farmers in view of improving adoption.Findings: The findings suggest that farmers can effectively participate in demonstrations and scaling-up of agricultural practices. This participation is enhanced by judicious incentives such as higher crop yields that motivate farmers and influence adoption. The current success of the approach stems from the fact that farmers, extension workers and researchers jointly implement the activities and their different aims were achieved simultaneously: scientific results for researchers, better agricultural practices for extension workers, and economic success and free choice for farmers.Practical implications: This research concludes that farmers have the capacities to play an innermost role in demonstrations and scaling-up of agricultural practices. However, there is a need to build and strengthen their capacities to facilitate their participation and contribution.Originality/Value: The article demonstrates the value of the preponderant role of farmers in on-farm demonstrations and scaling-up practices by exhibiting the beneficial interactions between researchers, extension workers and farmers. 相似文献