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归纳逻辑以时间先后可以划分为古典归纳逻辑和现代归纳逻辑。本文以前者为主要研究对象,旨在澄清古典归纳逻辑理论的发展脉络。涉及到古典归纳逻辑的萌芽期——亚氏逻辑,发展期——培根逻辑,高峰期——穆勒逻辑,三个发展阶段,由此系统地论述了古典归纳逻辑的建立和发展。 相似文献
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现代军事战略决策具有复杂性、时效性、精确性和科学性的特点,因此军事战略决策系统是复杂系统,军事战略决策问题是复杂问题。用传统的定性分析或培根式的还原论方法难以有效地解决,必须用钱学森院士提出的“从定性到定量的综合集成方法”以及“综合集成研讨厅体系”,才能对复杂系统进行研究和分析,对复杂问题进行有效的解决和处理。在综合集成思想指导下,提出了“6+7”军事决策研讨体系框架结构,从定性到定量综合集成,通过以人为主、人机结合,使参加决策的群体在决策问题时能相互启发、互相激活,从而得到科学的认识和结论。 相似文献
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较系统地介绍了电磁类接近开关型传感器的原理;重点对电感式、霍尔式以及其它磁性接近开关的原理、术语、参数、使用注意事项进行了详细的归纳说明;通过一些实际应用举例表明它们的使用特点;从使用角度与其它类型的开关型传感器进行比较;指出了电磁类接近开关器件的发展方向。 相似文献
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对双作用斯特林发动机的活塞和活塞杆的密封结构进行归纳和总结:活塞密封一般采用组合式活塞环或附有涨簧的活塞环,并采用两道密封结构;活塞杆的多种密封方式中,自紧式密封和隔膜式密封应用前景较为广阔.以上结论对双作用斯特林发动机的设计研发具有参考和借鉴作用. 相似文献
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杜威是世界史上伟大的哲学家、教育家。他有一句经典的、“难解的谜团”式的命题就是“教育即生长”。对于这个“难解的谜团”,笔者试着从生长、发展、人的可持续发展、教育等概念的内涵及其内在联系进行分析的基础上归纳出“教育即人的可持续发展”的结论,作为杜威命题的一种解读。 相似文献
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炎冰 《科学技术与辩证法》2001,18(3):72-75
本文初步梳理出奥古斯丁、阿奎那、罗吉尔，培根、司各脱和奥康等人的科学划界观，旨在说明中世纪有关科学本质问题的认识以其“中介”形式完成了由古代向近代的转化。 相似文献
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古人云：“予人以鱼,不如授人以渔．”杰出的思想家培根也曾说过：“习惯是人生的主宰,人们应当努力求得好习惯。”因此．学生良好学习习惯的培养应当受到教师的高度重视。 相似文献
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邱若宏 《科学．经济．社会》2007,25(3):92-95
任鸿隽认为,科学方法是科学之本质所在,是西方的"为学之本",具有广泛的文化意义;科学方法包括归纳与演绎,但根本所在是归纳法,因为归纳法注重事实,是不断改良进步的;科学方法在实施方面还包括观察、实验、概推、假设等具体环节。总之,任鸿隽是近代中国真正对科学方法做出全方位阐述和宣传的第一人,其思想有着深远的影响。 相似文献
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为缓解行人与机动车间的冲突,提高路段行人过街的安全性,在总结国内有关行人过街研究的基础上,通过分析行人过街延误、过街步速、最佳绿闪时间等影响行人过街安全与效率的因素,提出感应式行人过街信号控制系统参数的推荐值;并增设红外线检测器、自动人行横道护栏等装置,提高系统的安全系数和实用性。从而设计改进了感应式行人过街信号控制系统,使其更加符合我国的交通特点。 相似文献
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Ross W. Bellaby 《Ethics and Information Technology》2018,20(3):189-204
Anonymising technologies are cyber-tools that protect people from online surveillance, hiding who they are, what information they have stored and what websites they are looking at. Whether it is anonymising online activity through ‘TOR’ and its onion routing, 256-bit encryption on communications sent or smart phone auto-deletes, the user’s identity and activity is protected from the watchful eyes of the intelligence community. This represents a clear challenge to intelligence actors as it prevents them access to information that many would argue plays a vital part in locating and preventing threats from being realised. Moreover, such technology offers more than ordinary information protections as it erects ‘warrant-proof’ spaces, technological black boxes that no matter what some authority might deem as being legitimately searchable is protected to the extent that there are very limited or non-existent means of forcing oneself in. However, it will be argued here that not only is using such anonymising technology and its extra layer of protection people’s right, but that it is ethically mandatory. That is, due to the en masse surveillance—from both governments and corporations—coupled with people’s limited awareness and ability to comprehend such data collections, anonymising technology should be built into the fabric of cyberspace to provide a minimal set of protections over people’s information, and in doing so force the intelligence community to develop more targeted forms of data collection. 相似文献
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原子核外电子在外界磁场作用下的轨道运动会对高速运动的电子磁矩产生一个反向的作用效果,从而导致物质具有抗磁性等宏观效应。那么在电动机的感应线圈中为什么没有类似的现象呢？这是大学物理教学过程中,很多学生比较疑惑的地方,这里我们通过分析这两种模型,做一个简要说明。 相似文献
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阐述脑机接口技术自身和技术应用可能带来的隐私风险,以及这种风险所带有的新特征,并试图从技术本身、法律与伦理这3个角度给出解决上述问题的框架. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(3):104708
This paper discusses the SEU approach with regard to its “jurisdiction”; i.e. where it should and where it should not be applied. It is argued that the SEU approach must address the fundamental tension between exploration and exploitation; that it should be applied only to disciplines or fields that have low degrees of both technical and strategic uncertainties; and that funders need to prevent the SEU approach from spilling over to evaluations of exploratory projects, for which it is clearly not suited. In addition, the paper argues that the SEU approach needs to respond to the “fund people, not projects” argument. Finally, it calls for many more empirical and preferably experimental studies with the aim of shedding light on how the SEU approach works in practice. In this regard, novel techniques should be used more frequently than today, such as specification curve analysis that encompasses all reasonable explanatory specifications that are both theoretically consistent and statistically valid and non-redundant. 相似文献
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Pasalic D Marinkovic N Feher-Turkovic L 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2012,22(1):63-75
With considering serum concentration of the uric acid in humans we are observing hyperuricemia and possible gout development. Many epidemiological studies have shown the relationship between the uric acid and different disorders such are obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and coronary artery disease. Clinicians and investigators recognized serum uric acid concentration as very important diagnostic and prognostic factor of many multifactorial disorders. This review presented few clinical conditions which are not directly related to uric acid, but the concentrations of uric acid might have a great impact in observing, monitoring, prognosis and therapy of such disorders. Uric acid is recognized as a marker of oxidative stress. Production of the uric acid includes enzyme xanthine oxidase which is involved in producing of radical-oxigen species (ROS). As by-products ROS have a significant role in the increased vascular oxidative stress and might be involved in atherogenesis. Uric acid may inhibit endothelial function by inhibition of nitric oxide-function under conditions of oxidative stress. Down regulation of nitric oxide and induction of endothelial dysfunction might also be involved in pathogenesis of hypertension. The most important and well evidenced is possible predictive role of uric acid in predicting short-term outcome (mortality) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and stroke. Nephrolithiasis of uric acid origin is significantly more common among patients with the metabolic syndrome and obesity. On contrary to this, uric acid also acts is an "antioxidant", a free radical scavenger and a chelator of transitional metal ions which are converted to poorly reactive forms. 相似文献
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E. Burton Swanson 《The Information Society》2020,36(2):109-123
AbstractOver some seven decades, a rather mundane transition that in its thoroughness and consequences has gone largely unacknowledged, has taken place, namely the revolution in modern information systems (IS) that guide organizations in their actions. Today, it is fair to say that IS have come to rule the world. They do this literally, by the rules they embody, which dictate how much of everyday life, as it relates to individuals and organizations and the transactions they engage in, takes place around the globe. In essence, IS have become important social and economic infrastructure. Seeking an understanding of how this has come about, I review historical developments in IS, focusing in particular on accounting systems, enterprise systems, retail automation, and electronic commerce. I argue that it is transactions and their facilitation that lie at the heart of IS and its development as a field of practice. I reflect on why this has gone mostly overlooked as such. I consider where we have now arrived with transaction facilitation as infrastructure and its importance in the light of current issues. I suggest how future studies might contribute to our learning more about where we should want to be with our transaction facilitation infrastructure. 相似文献
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移动互联网在社会中的普遍应用,对人们的消费行为产生了显著影响。为此,企业营销创新活动也要加以改变和适应,以扩大在移动社会下的企业收益。消费人群中的大学生群体的购买行为,在移动互联网社会下更具有冲动性购买的行为特征,这就要求企业营销创新中了解影响大学生移动购物冲动性购买行为的各种因素,才能更好制定营销对策。文章以理论研究和实证研究结合,采用了因子分析和方差分析等研究方法,以西安大学生消费群体为样本,对大学生移动购物冲动性购买行为的影响因素进行了具体研究。研究结果发现,平台功能、促销折让、顾客评价、消费者决策、网站互动和手机依赖等因素均发挥着显著影响作用;进而考察大学生自身特性因素发现,大学生性别、月生活费金额、浏览移动购物网站频率等因素对冲动性购买行为具有显著影响,而年龄、学历、手机上网时间和商品类别等则没有显著影响。据此,提出了移动互联网社会下做好大学生消费行为的相关营销对策。 相似文献