共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
Thinking about the past: early knowledge about links between prior experience, thinking, and emotion 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In two studies the authors investigated the situations where 3- to 7-year-olds and adults (N = 152) will connect a person's current feelings to the past, especially to thinking or being reminded about a prior experience. Study 1 presented stories featuring a target character who felt sad, mad, or happy after an event in the past and who many days later felt that same negative or positive emotion upon seeing a cue related to the prior incident. For some story endings, the character's emotion upon seeing the cue matched, or was congruent, with the current situation, whereas for others, the emotion mismatched the present circumstances. Participants were asked to explain the cause of each character's current feelings. As a further comparison, children and adults listened to behavior cuing stories and provided explanations for characters' present actions. Study 2 presented emotional scenarios that varied by emotion-situation fit (whether the character's emotion matched the current situation), person-person fit (whether the character's emotion matched another person's), and past history information (whether information about the character's past was known). Results showed that although there were several significant developments with increasing age, even most 3-year-olds demonstrated some knowledge about connections between past events and present emotions and between thinking and feeling. Indeed, children 5 years and younger revealed strikingly cogent understanding about historical-mental influences in certain situations, especially where they had to explain why a person, who had experienced a negative event in the past, was currently feeling sad or mad in a positive situation. These findings help underwrite a more general account of the development of children's coherent understandings of life history, mind, and emotion. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2013,27(4):323-336
This pilot project investigates the efficacy of an 11-week dialectical behavior therapy skills training class in increasing adaptive skill use and emotion regulation in college students with cluster B personality disorders or traits. Subjects are students (N?=?19, mean age = 21.31, 1 male, 18 female) at a southeastern university counseling center. Students meeting criteria but not interested in attending the group were recruited to serve as control subjects who received treatment as usual. As compared to treatment as usual, dialectical behavior therapy participants had significant improvement in increasing skills use and decreasing maladaptive coping skills; there was a trend for improvement in difficulty regulating emotions. 相似文献
3.
In 3 studies we investigated 3- through 6-year-olds' knowledge of thinking and feeling by examining their understanding of how emotions can change when memories of past sad events are cued by objects in the current environment. In Study 1, 48 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds were presented with 4 illustrated stories in which tocal characters experience minor sad events. Later, each story character encounters a visual cue that is related to one of his or her previous sad experiences. Children were told that the character felt sad and they were asked ot explain why. Study 1 suggested considerable competence as well as substantial development in the years between 4 and 6 in the understandings of the influence of mental activity on emotions. Studies 2 and 3 more systematically explored preschoolers' understanding of cognitive cuing and emotional change with difterent types of situations and cues. Across these 2 studies, 108 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds listened to illustrated stories that featured story characters who each experienced a sad event and swho were later exposed to a related cue. Children were not only asked to explain why the characters suddenly felt sad, but in some stories, they were also asked to predict and explain how another character, who was never at the past sad event, would feel. Results of studies 2 and 3 showed an initial understanding of cognitive cuing and emotion in some children as young as 3, replicated and extended the evidence for significant developmental changes in that understanding during the preschool years, and revealed that the strenght and consistency of preschoolers' knowledge of cognitive cuing and emotion was affected by whether cues were the sme, or only similar to, parts of the earlier events. 相似文献
4.
The development of personalized inferences: understanding other people's emotional reactions in light of their prior experiences 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We examined children's ability to take another person's prior experiences into account when making inferences about that person's current emotional reactions. Kindergartners, second graders, fifth graders, and college students were told stories in which the first event might reasonably change the protagonist's appraisal of the second event. Subjects were asked to predict and explain the protagonist's appraisal of the second event. There was a gradual age-related increase in the ability to interpret an event from another person's perspective in light of that person's prior experiences. Various alternative explanations for this developmental trend are considered. These are evaluated using data from subjects who received prompts or who heard partial stories (containing only the first event or only the second event). 相似文献
5.
吸毒易感性的人格特质是指更能预测吸毒行为发生的特定人格特质。吸毒易感人格特质研究主要集中在感觉寻求、冲动性、低自我控制和心理障碍等方面;其中,心理障碍包括品行障碍、注意缺陷多动症、情绪障碍和边缘人格障碍等。文献显示：边缘人格障碍具有吸毒易感性的所有相关人格特质,因此,认为边缘人格障碍可能是吸毒的根源。建议今后的研究探讨边缘人格障碍的病理,这可以帮助我们更好地理解吸毒行为。 相似文献
6.
Trait Understanding or Evaluative Reasoning? An Analysis of Children''s Behavioral Predictions 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This study tested the hypothesis that in predicting the future behavior of an actor, older children rely on trait inferences, whereas younger children rely on global, evaluative inferences. Vignettes depicting actors engaging in trait-relevant behaviors were presented to 5- and 6-year-olds (N = 67) and 9- and 10-year-olds (N = 71). For each actor, children made predictions of future behavior, evaluated the goodness and badness of the actor, and rated each actor on a relevant trait. A mediational analysis found that the behavioral predictions of older children were mediated solely by trait ratings, whereas those of younger children were mediated by evaluative ratings. Furthermore, unlike older children, younger children made trait-like predictions only when they made an evaluation of the actor. These results suggest that young children utilize evaluative reasoning when making behavioral predictions, and therefore rely on an inferential process that is distinct from that of older children. 相似文献
7.
The study addresses the role of developmental differences in the use of behavioral information that is acquired at different points in time in the person perception/attribution process. The topic of temporal separations was considered to be potentially important because of the possibility that age differences in information use might at least partially explain developmental differences in children's conceptualizations of personality traits and abilities and more generally, because integration over time is an aspect of naturalistic perception processes that has not been widely studied from a developmental perspective. The result of the study supported the general hypothesis that younger and older children respond differently to temporally distributed patterns of behavior. Specifically, it was found that younger children use behavioral information that was observed in the past primarily when an actor's immediate behavior conflicts with stereotypical expectations for behavior. When there is no conflict, younger children seem to use only an actor's current, immediate behavior when forming an impression. The implications of this finding for the maintenance of the stereotypical beliefs and expectations regarding persons are discussed along with the implications for children's understanding of psychological dispositions. 相似文献
8.
中学生的情绪智力及其与社会适应的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对六城市的2533名中学生施测情绪智力、人格五因素和社会适应问卷,以探讨中学生情绪智力的发展特点及其与社会适应的关系。结果表明:(1)中学生情绪智力的不同维度表现出不同的发展特点;(2)情绪感知可显著负向预测个体的行事效率、违规行为和积极应对;情绪运用可显著正向预测积极社会适应的所有4个维度;情绪理解可显著正向预测亲社会倾向;情绪管理可显著正向预测行事效率,负向预测违规行为;(3)与人格的预测作用相比较,情绪智力对个体社会适应的意义尤为突出地表现在对于生活中困难与挫折的应对上。 相似文献
9.
The present study revealed that gender identity involved the integration of various gender identity factors as suggested by
Spence (1993) and that career-decision-situation-specified personality variables could be classified into higher order personality
trait dimensions as suggested by Tellegen (1985). The results also indicate that the pattern of the relationships found in
this study among masculine personality traits, feminine personality traits, and careerdecision-situation-specified personality
variables reflecting higher-order personality trait dimensions of Tellegen’s (1985) model was similar to that of the relationships
among masculine personality traits, feminine personality traits, and general personality traits reflecting higher-order personality
trait dimensions in Lubinsky, Tellegen, and Butcher’s (1981, 1983) studies. Multiple regression analyses showed that the addition
of a gender identity role attitude factor and a gender identity behavioral interest factor to sex and a gender identity personality
trait factor did not improve significantly the prediction of the career-decision-situation-specified personality variables. 相似文献
10.
Emotional and Behavioral Predictors of Preschool Peer Ratings 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Susanne A. Denham Marcia McKinley Elizabeth A. Couchoud Robert Holt 《Child development》1990,61(4):1145-1152
It was predicted that social cognitive, behavioral, and affective aspects of young children's social development would predict stable peer ratings of their likability. Measures of likability, emotion knowledge, prosocial and aggressive behavior, peer competence, and expressed emotions (happy and angry) were obtained for 65 subjects (mean age = 44 months). Sociometric ratings, particularly negative, were stable over 1- and 9-month time periods. Correlational analyses showed that emotion knowledge and prosocial behavior were direct predictors of likability. Prosocial behavior mediated the relations of gender and expressed emotions with likability (i.e., gender and expressed emotions were each related to prosocial behavior, and prosocial behavior was related to likability, but neither gender nor expressed emotions were related to likability with prosocial behavior partialled out). Knowledge of emotional situations similarly mediated the age-likability relation. Results uphold the early development of stable peer reputations and the hypothesized centrality of emotion-related predictors of likability. 相似文献
11.
Preschoolers' Emotional Control in the Disappointment Paradigm and Its Relation to Temperament, Emotional Knowledge, and Family Expressiveness 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The present research evaluated a conceptual model that links temperament, emotional knowledge, and family expressiveness to preschoolers' emotion regulation ability. The emotional understanding of 82 preschoolers was assessed with 2 separate tasks. After the second emotional knowledge task, the children were presented a "disappointing" prize, and their facial displays of positive and negative affect were recorded. The children and their mothers also participated in a game designed to elicit maternal expressive behavior. Mothers provided information about the preschoolers' temperament and about the frequency of positive and negative affect expressed within their families Results indicated that children's positive displays when presented the "disappointing" prize were inversely related to the temperamental dimension of emotional intensity and positively associated with children's understanding of emotion. Maternal reports of sadness within the family were inversely related to children's positive affective displays. Children's negative emotional displays in the disappointment situation were inversely related to observed maternal positive emotion. The findings from this study give greater specification to the unique and joint contributions of temperament, emotional knowledge, and family expressiveness in predicting preschoolers' expressive control of emotion. 相似文献
12.
张庆 《天津师范大学学报(基础教育版)》2008,9(2):1-5
青少年阶段是人生中智力和情感发展最关键的时期,积极情感的培养关系到青少年思维的发展、人格的形成与国家未来和谐社会的建设。目前青少年的心理健康问题已经受到教育界和社会的共同关注。针对青少年心理发展的特点,探索情绪智力理论在青少年的积极情感形成中的作用,指导青少年表达、管理和调节情感,以期对青少年的情感素质培养和健康成长提供有意义的借鉴。 相似文献
13.
Hanor A. Webb 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(2):85-119
Student behavioral and emotional difficulties, often comorbid with each other and with learning difficulties and academic underachievement, have become an increasing concern to educational settings. This article first provides a conceptual framework for child assessment and highlights the role of behavior rating scales and personality inventories. This article reviews the role of behavior rating scales and personality inventories as a tool for screening students whose behavioral and emotional difficulties may affect their learning, their interpersonal relationships at school, and students who may pose significant management problems for teachers. The utility of specific uni- and multidimensional scales is reviewed relative to major behavioral and emotional difficulties shown by school students. Issues with using these tools are discussed. The Student Behavior Survey (SBS), a teacher-report scale, is described to illustrate the relative contributions of these scales. 相似文献
14.
无聊情绪是当前社会普遍存在的一种情绪现象,国内外学者分别从哲学、心理学、社会学等角度探讨了无聊与认知、情绪、人格、行为的关系。本文从哲学的角度描画在校大学生中存在的无聊现象,这一现象是导致大学生无法树立远大理想的根本原因,因为无聊的存在是对人的时间性存在的否定,它阻碍了大学生现在生活与过去、将来之间的关联。 相似文献
15.
An investigation was conducted to link Big‐Five personality traits with behavior problems identified in childhood. Eighty‐six children ranging in age from 9 to 13 were rated by their respective classroom teacher using an experimental ratings instrument developed to measure Big‐Five personality constructs and behavior concurrently. Big‐Five Personality and Behavior Problem scales were correlated. Results show distinct patterns of behavior problems associated with various personality characteristics. Children with low scores in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness exhibit social problems, conduct problems, attention deficits, and hyperactivity. Children with low scores on the scale, Openness to Experience, exhibit problems in social behavior, conduct, and attention. The Neuroticism trait was associated with anxiety and depression. Potential implication for clinical practice and future research study was provided. These preliminary data indicate that identifying Big‐Five personality trait patterns may be a useful dimension of assessment for understanding underlying motives and predispositions associated with children's problem behavior. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
16.
该文探讨了人格特质影响智力结构的可能性。按照智力分化的人格特质假设,某些人格特质（特别是神经质）可能影响智力结构,个体在特质维度上的得分高低决定了其智力分化的程度,智力与人格特质之间可能存在非线性相关。尽管这一假设至今未能获得一致性的证据,但它却暗示了人格特质对智力结构的潜在影响。未来的研究应重点解决测量和评估工具的问题,将极端特质被试与一般群体进行对照研究,进而揭示特质水平的分化机制。 相似文献
17.
Research Findings: Drawing from a diverse community sample of 89 children, ages 4–6, their primary caregivers and teachers, this study examined the interplay of child emotional behavior problems, parent emotion socialization practices, and gender in predicting teacher-child closeness. Teachers reported on perceptions of closeness with children. Parents and teachers reported on children’s emotional behavior problems, as indexed by overanxious behavior, overt, and relational aggression. Regression models revealed that higher relational aggression related to closer teacher-child relationships for all children of parents who employed minimization as an emotion socialization practice. Similarly, higher overt aggression related to closer teacher-child relationships for girls who experienced parent minimization. An analogous pattern of results emerged, such that lower parent emotional support buffered girls against the negative effects of higher relational aggression on teacher-child closeness, whereas higher parent emotional support related to lower levels of closeness for these girls. These findings contradict prior research linking supportive emotion socialization practices (e.g., empathy, comforting) to socioemotional competence and unsupportive practices (e.g., minimization, punishment) to poor school adjustment. Practice or Policy: Findings have implications for improving children’s classroom experience by identifying parent emotion socialization and gender as contexts for understanding child emotional behavior problems in relation to teacher-child closeness. 相似文献
18.
Trait attribution is central to people's na?ve theories of people and their actions. Previous developmental research indicates that young children are poor at predicting behaviors from past trait-relevant behaviors. We propose that the cognitive process of behavior-to-behavior predictions consists of two component processes: (1) behavior-to-trait inferences and (2) trait-to-behavior predictions. Experiment 1 demonstrates that 4-, 5-, 7-, and 9-year-olds can infer trait labels from behaviors. Experiment 2 demonstrates that 4-, 5-, and 7-year-olds can predict behaviors from trait labels but not from past behaviors. Experiment 3 demonstrates that 4- and 5-year-olds understand traits as predictive and stable over time. Taken together, these three studies show that young children, in possessing component trait-reasoning processes, have a nascent understanding of traits. 相似文献
19.
The study examined the predictive value of adolescents’ personality trait ratings by different groups of informants in explaining academic achievement [grade point average (GPA)] while controlling for students’ sex and their mothers’ education. The Inventory of Child/Adolescent Individual Differences was employed as a measure of students’ personality traits at the end of elementary schooling (mean age = 14.7 years) and two years later when the participants attended secondary schools. The trait ratings were obtained through self‐, maternal and peer reports at both measurement occasions. They explained substantial portions of unique variance in the students’ GPA concurrently, and over time. Ratings by each of the three groups of informants had an incremental validity over one another in predicting school grades. Among personality variables, conscientiousness and low extraversion were consistently predictive of GPA. 相似文献
20.
赵珍珍魏荟荟袁博汪祚军? 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2015,(5):12-018
Group emotional convergence refers to the phenomenon that group members come to consistent emotional experience in a group over the time. In the previous studies, group emotional convergence may be attributed to the following reasons: First, group norms dramatically allow group members to experience the consistent emotion; second, group members would consider questions from the perspective of a group rather than their own while group identity is induced, therefore experiencing consistent emotions; third, individuals in a group would simulate others’ emotion automatically; and finally, group members may compare their own emotion with others’ in the fuzzy situation to adjust their own emotion, trying to be consistent especially when being inconsistent with others. Such factors as individual traits, group characteristics, group tasks and initial emotional states are likely to affect the group emotional convergence. This research suggests that future research is needed to investigate the boundary conditions of the above-mentioned four mechanisms. It is also needed to explore the group emotional convergence in groups with larger size and in situations where members share strong emotional events. 相似文献