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1.
Chow JW Knudson DV 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2011,10(3):219-233
A deterministic model is a modeling paradigm that determines the relationships between a movement outcome measure and the biomechanical factors that produce such a measure. This review provides an overview of the use of deterministic models in biomechanics research, a historical summary of this research, and an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using deterministic models. The deterministic model approach has been utilized in technique analysis over the last three decades, especially in swimming, athletics field events, and gymnastics. In addition to their applications in sports and exercise biomechanics, deterministic models have been applied successfully in research on selected motor skills. The advantage of the deterministic model approach is that it helps to avoid selecting performance or injury variables arbitrarily and to provide the necessary theoretical basis for examining the relative importance of various factors that influence the outcome of a movement task. Several disadvantages of deterministic models, such as the use of subjective measures for the performance outcome, were discussed. It is recommended that exercise and sports biomechanics scholars should consider using deterministic models to help identify meaningful dependent variables in their studies. 相似文献
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Glazier PS Robins MT 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2012,11(1):120-2; author reply 123-4
Although deterministic models may provide a useful starting point for sports biomechanists examining the mechanical aspects of athletic performance, they have inherent weaknesses that limit their proctical application. Specifically, their inability to provide substantive information about coordinative movement patterns or 'technique' suggests that sports biomechanists must explore alternative paradigms and theoretical frameworks if they are to fulfil their main aims of improving performance and reducing injury risk. We believe that dynamical systems theory and its associated analytical tools can provide a useful adjunct to more traditional paradigms in sport biomechanics, such as deterministic modelling, which have only made a limit contribution to the enhancement of knowledge. 相似文献
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从第27届奥运会看运动生物力学研究的新变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近几十年来，国际运动生物力学迅猛发展，在人体结构的研究、研究队伍的建设、研究方法和测试手段、运动生物力学发展的速度梯度、测试数据处理的速度与准确度、体育器材的性能、研究的深度与广度等方面都具有较大程度的提高，同时研究方向不再局限于原有的框架里，发生了明显的变化。认真分析这些变化趋势，有助于我国运动生物力学沿着正确的轨道发展，缩小与国际运动生物力学发展的差距，早日与国际运动生物力学接轨。 相似文献
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Justin W. L. Keogh 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):234-253
The Paralympic Games are the pinnacle of sport for many athletes with a disability. The overall purpose of this paper is to highlight the role that the field of sports biomechanics specifically (and sports science in general) may play in improving performance in various summer Paralympic sports through research and consultancy. To achieve this broad aim, this review provides some history and background on the Summer Paralympic Games, discusses the eligibility and classification rules, describes the potential for the constraints-led approach of dynamical systems theory to inform practice and research in this area, and reviews selected studies examining the biomechanics of the primary forms of Paralympic locomotion. Some recommendations on how sports biomechanics can help facilitate improvements in Paralympic athletic performance through applied research and consultancy are provided, along with commentary on what may be some of the most important issues addressing Paralympic sport. 相似文献
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Paralympic sport: an emerging area for research and consultancy in sports biomechanics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Paralympic Games are the pinnacle of sport for many athletes with a disability. The overall purpose of this paper is to highlight the role that the field of sports biomechanics specifically (and sports science in general) may play in improving performance in various summer Paralympic sports through research and consultancy. To achieve this broad aim, this review provides some history and background on the Summer Paralympic Games, discusses the eligibility and classification rules, describes the potential for the constraints-led approach of dynamical systems theory to inform practice and research in this area, and reviews selected studies examining the biomechanics of the primary forms of Paralympic locomotion. Some recommendations on how sports biomechanics can help facilitate improvements in Paralympic athletic performance through applied research and consultancy are provided, along with commentary on what may be some of the most important issues addressing Paralympic sport. 相似文献
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通过对自由体操技术特征的分析规则分析与健身比赛评分规则分析,发现健身运动特长比赛在自由体操难度技术动作具有借鉴意义,合理运用自由体操支撑、跳跃、旋转、翻腾等难度技术,在运动特长比赛中能提高运动员在健身比赛中运动特长的运动成绩。成套动作创编必须考虑时间、空间、动作、音乐等要素。 相似文献
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德国运动生物力学理论与方法学研究概述及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
考察、研究德国运动生物力学的学科任务与研究课题及测量技术与研究方法、研究现状与发展趋向,就我国运动生物力学的发展提出建议,主题是关于运动生物力学的理论研究、研究方法和参数测量 相似文献
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运动生物力学研究方法的发展和瞻望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
回顾了我国运动生物力学二十余年来的发展历程,重点对实验方法中的图数分析法和理论方法中的力学模型方法作了具体的阐述,分析了这两种方法在应用中的成果及缺陷。同时强调了方法学的研究进展是学科发展的必要条件,并对运动生物力学方法在本世纪发展的前景作了一些瞻望,强调了理论方法与实验的结合、力学研究与医学的结合及现代数学的应用是方法学创新的有效切入点。 相似文献
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Duane Knudson 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):96-104
Errors in statistical analysis of multiple dependent variables and in documenting the size of effects are common in the scientific and biomechanical literature. In this paper, I review these errors and several solutions that can improve the validity of sports biomechanics research reports. Studies examining multiple dependent variables should either control for the inflation of Type I errors (e.g. Holm's procedure) during multiple comparisons or use multivariate analysis of variance to focus on the structure and interaction of the dependent variables. When statistically significant differences are observed, research reports should provide confidence limits or effect sizes to document the size of the effects. Authors of sports biomechanics research reports are encouraged to analyse and present their data accounting for the experiment-wise Type I error rate, as well as reporting data documenting the size or practical significance of effects reaching their standard of statistical significance. 相似文献
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研究人体在运动过程中,肌肉长度、肌长度变化速率、肌力臂等肌肉功能参数以及肌肉功能的动态变化,是运动生物力学、运动解剖学、运动生理学和体育训练学等学科领域中十分关注的课题,它们对于深入探讨人体运动规律、肌肉的神经控制与工作特性以及制定肌肉专项力量训练方案等均具有非常重要的理论和实践意义.为此,本文将以人体下肢肌肉附着点(肌肉起止点、代起止点)、关节转动中心在相应环节基准坐标系中的坐标为基础,建立适合于活体应用的下肢肌肉功能模型.该模型不但能详尽地定量评定下肢于不同状态下肌肉所具有的潜在功能,而且也能获得人体在运动过程中下肢肌肉功能参数的动态变化状况.同时,本研究通过步态分析的实例,初步检验了模型的可用性和可靠性. 相似文献
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Lees A 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(10):813-828
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中国运动生物力学研究发展现状 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用文献资料调研、数理统计法,对入选第11届全国运动生物力学交流大会论文汇编的191篇论文,从研究选题、研究内容、研究方法、研究人员等方面进行评述。分析中国运动生物力学研究现状,进而探讨中国运动生物力学发展变化的趋势。结果表明:研究论文选题内容广泛,研究深入,运动技术类的运动生物力学研究比例有所下降,但仍占主流;对普通人群的研究逐渐增多,对仪器设备、运动损伤和大众健身研究的重视程度与日俱增;方法学的研究水平提高;研究人员已由运动生物力学人员拓展到了其他学科及非体育领域的研究者。 相似文献
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运动生物力学在体育教学和训练中的应用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
介绍了运动生物力学的研究现状和发展趋势。将运动生物力学应用在高校体育教学和训练中,有利于学生认识和把握动作的本质规律,提高学习和训练效果。 相似文献
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从任何事物的特性都是由相互作用相互联系的的事物双方共同决定的这一哲学原理来看,运动生物力学的研究方法和测试手段发展具有主动性,它能够从运动中的人体引申出这样或那样的特性来,能够引申出何种特性不仅取决于运动中的人体,也取决于研究方法和测试手段,从而推动运动生物力学学科的发展。 相似文献
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Keogh JW Hume PA 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2012,11(2):288-309
The aim of this review was to determine how the findings of biomechanics and motor control/learning research may be used to improve golf performance. To be eligible, the biomechanics and motor learning studies had to use direct (ball displacement and shot accuracy) or indirect (clubhead velocity and clubface angle) golf performance outcome measures. Biomechanical studies suggested that reducing the radius path of the hands during the downswing, increasing wrist torque and/or range of motion, delaying wrist motion to late in the downswing, increasing downswing amplitude, improving sequential acceleration of body parts, improving weight transfer, and utilising X-factor stretch and physical conditioning programmes can improve clubhead velocity. Motor learning studies suggested that golf performance improved more when golfers focused on swing outcome or clubhead movement rather than specific body movements. A distributed practice approach involving multiple sessions per week of blocked, errorless practice may be best for improving putting accuracy of novice golfers, although variable practice may be better for skilled golfers. Video, verbal, or a combination of video and verbal feedback can increase mid-short iron distance in novice to mid-handicap (hcp) golfers. Coaches should not only continue to critique swing technique but also consider how the focus, structure, and types of feedback for practice may alter learning for different groups of golfers. 相似文献
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Bartlett R Wheat J Robins M 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2007,6(2):224-243
This paper overviews the importance for sports biomechanics of movement variability, which has been studied for some time by cognitive and ecological motor skills specialists but, until quite recently, had somewhat been overlooked by sports biomechanists. The paper considers biomechanics research reporting inter- and intra-individual movement variability in javelin and discus throwing, basketball shooting, and locomotion. The overview does not claim to be comprehensive and we exclude such issues as the theoretical background to movement and coordination variability and their measurement. We overview evidence, both theoretical and empirical, of inter-individual movement variability in seeking to achieve the same task goal, in contrast to the concept of "optimal" movement patterns. Furthermore, even elite athletes cannot reproduce identical movement patterns after many years of training, contradicting the ideas of motor invariance and "representative" trials. We contend that movement variability, far from being solely due to neuromuscular system or measurement "noise"--as sports biomechanists may have previously supposed--is, or could be, functional. Such functionality could allow environmental adaptations, reduce injury risk, and facilitate changes in coordination patterns. We conclude by recommending that sports biomechanists should focus more of their research on movement variability and on important related topics, such as control and coordination of movement, and implications for practice and skill learning. 相似文献
19.
Roger Bartlett Jon Wheat Matthew Robins 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):224-243
This paper overviews the importance for sports biomechanics of movement variability, which has been studied for some time by cognitive and ecological motor skills specialists but, until quite recently, had somewhat been overlooked by sports biomechanists. The paper considers biomechanics research reporting inter- and intra-individual movement variability in javelin and discus throwing, basketball shooting, and locomotion. The overview does not claim to be comprehensive and we exclude such issues as the theoretical background to movement and coordination variability and their measurement. We overview evidence, both theoretical and empirical, of inter-individual movement variability in seeking to achieve the same task goal, in contrast to the concept of “optimal” movement patterns. Furthermore, even elite athletes cannot reproduce identical movement patterns after many years of training, contradicting the ideas of motor invariance and “representative” trials. We contend that movement variability, far from being solely due to neuromuscular system or measurement “noise” – as sports biomechanists may have previously supposed – is, or could be, functional. Such functionality could allow environmental adaptations, reduce injury risk, and facilitate changes in coordination patterns. We conclude by recommending that sports biomechanists should focus more of their research on movement variability and on important related topics, such as control and coordination of movement, and implications for practice and skill learning. 相似文献
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Qualitative biomechanical principles for application in coaching 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Many aspects of human movements in sport can be readily understood by Newtonian rigid-body mechanics. Many of these laws and biomechanical principles, however, are counterintuitive to a lot of people. There are also several problems in the application of biomechanics to sports, so the application of biomechanics in the qualitative analysis of sport skills by many coaches has been limited. Biomechanics scholars have long been interested in developing principles that facilitate the qualitative application of biomechanics to improve movement performance and reduce the risk of injury. This paper summarizes the major North American efforts to establish a set of general biomechanical principles of movement, and illustrates how principles can be used to improve the application of biomechanics in the qualitative analysis of sport technique. A coach helping a player with a tennis serve is presented as an example. The standardization of terminology for biomechanical principles is proposed as an important first step in improving the application ofbiomechanics in sport. There is also a need for international cooperation and research on the effectiveness of applying biomechanical principles in the coaching of sport techniques. 相似文献